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Oxide free Tin nanoparticles were synthesized from a chemical reduction method.
There are two kinds of methods used to synthesize non-noble nanoparticle, one is chemical reduction method, also referred to as the “bottom-up” method, the other one is the physical method called the “top-down” method.
The peak positions of the 30.66°, 32.00°, 44.30°, 45.67°, 56.60°， 62.63°， 64.7°， 66.50°， corresponding with the (200), (101), (220), (211), (301), (112), (400), (321), reflected with face-centered cubic structure by fitting the individual peak profiles with a pseudo-Voigt function (JADE, Material Data Inc.)[10].
The experimental results Summary Oxide free tin nanoparticles were synthesized via chemical reduction method with low-cost precursor, and their thermal properties and crystal structure were studied via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively.

Statistical analysis of the experimental data.
Experimental data were analyzed by ANOVA (α = 0.05).
Analysis of the 24 h DC data (group mean values) revealed an average (80.2 ± 2.1) % of Resin/monomer EBPADMA TEGDMA HEMA MEP ETHMI 43.17 43.24 10.08 2.51 ETHMII 54.45 31.94 10.00 2.61 ETHMIII 62.85 23.22 10.36 2.57 vinyl conversion in copolymer series.
A maximum reduction in DC of 10.3 % established for unmilled ACP composites compares well with the reduction of DC observed in Bis-GMA- and EBPADMA-based binary and ternary resin composites utilizing the same type of ACP filler (up to 14.4 % and 14.2 %, respectively; [1]).
Utilizing milled ACP diminishes the reduction in the DC of ETHM composites (up to 4.6 %) compared to their copolymers.

The percentage of biofilm reduction was 30%.
The percentages of biofilm reductions at 24 h and 48 h were presented in Figure 1.
A 30% reduction was noticed in 0.5% vanillin incorporated group at 48-h incubation.
Regarding the safety of vanillin, data from the Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Program (TEHIP) indicated that in closed-patch on human skin, vanillin (20% concentration) caused no primary irritation.
[25]The Toxicology and Environmental Health Information: Toxicology Data Network.

Application of an electric current leads to reduction of growth speed with negative polarity and enhancement of growth speed with positive polarity.
The electric resistance in the current path leads to Joule heating which causes reduction of growth speed when it takes place near growth front.
From the comparison of the growth speed between with and without an electric current, reduction of growth speed is much larger than enhancement of growth speed.
For example, the LPEE with 0.3 mm-thick seeds exhibited only reduction of growth speed with the current density irrespective of the electrode polarity (no data is shown).
Because of the difficulty in measuring dissolution speed with high accuracy, we measured the reduction in growth speed in the case of the LPEE with negative polarity.

These results would be helpful for designing cutting elements on crop harvesting, biomass size reduction and other processing machinery.
Of the gross energy supplied to most hay-cutting devices, only a small portion is actually required for the size reduction as the rest is wasted due to inefficiencies.
Hence, size reduction is considered to be one of the most energy-intensive or energy-inefficient operations [6].
The data for bionic saw is lower than that of traditional saw which suggests that the bionic saws possess advantage for cutting corn stalk, at least of reduction of cutting force.
Yet in order to obtain more accurate force-displacement data in this study, it was inevitable to mainly focus on linear saw blade cutting corn stalk at a quasi-static speed in this study.

Assuming that when integrated while when not integrated; and represent corresponding cost saving amounts when , , , and and can be calculated from statistic data. 4.
Therefore, the numerator of Eq. (17) can be construed as cost reduction amount of Business E after integration, while the denominator can be construed as cost reduction amount of Business Q development after integration; in other words, when is a fixed value, the cost reduction amount of Business Q after integration is higher than that of Business E and the real estate enterprise will be more willing to integrate and attach more importance to integration of planning and design businesses.
The right side of Eq. (21) can be construed as the ratio of the product optimization degree 1 () subtracted by profit reduction amount of Business E after integration over the sum of cost reduction amounts of E and Q.
It indicates that for the same value, if the real estate sector obtains great cost reduction of other development business after integration at a cost of part of Business E’s profit, then the real estate sector needs to be integrated.
Calculation example Suppose that there is one real estate project with a total investment mount of RMB 800 million Yuan, the object of integration analysis is its construction business, while the other business is Business Q, we have =45%, =6%, =15% and =5%, =8%, based on statistic data.

In the commonly seen dimension reduction methods, PCA[1], LDA[2], Locality Preserving Projection (LPP)[3] and Orthogonal Local Preserving Projection (OLPP)[4], etc.
LPP constructs a nearest-neighbor graph for each data point, and it remains the manifold structure information among data; OLPP constructs its feature space bases with orthogonal characteristic so that it keeps the manifold structure of the raw data more completely.
GDA is a nonlinear discriminant analysis using Kernel function, and it maps the raw data vector into high dimension feature space, and in this high dimension feature space, the data distribution is formed to be linearly divisible, meanwhile, it uses LDA conversion to find out the projection vectors having the largest ratio of between-class variation and within-class variation.
In the traditional dimension reduction method (for example, PCA, LDA and GDA), the entire structure of a human face is considered, and through linear statistical analysis, the dimension of the raw data is reduced to perform classificaiton and recognition.
Therefore, the proposed FPBR approach accompanied with traditional statistical dimension reduction algorithm can indeed enhance the correctness rate of face recognition effectively.

The citrate-reduction-based method provides gold nanoparticles with higher concentration and narrow size distribution.
Radiotracers have distinct advantages for providing reliable data which, at present, cannot be obtained by any other technique.
Reduction of gold nanoparticles in particular by using tri-sodium citrate which is employed as a reducing agent for chemical reduction because citrate reduction is the most widely used method and also acts as a stabilizer for the gold nanoparticle colloid to preventing their rapid aggregation [6].
Sol-Gel Method Neutron Irradiation 197Au 197Au 198Au 197Au Nanoparticles 197Au-SiO2 Nanoparticles Radioisotope Prepared by citrate reduction 198Au-SiO2 Nanoparticles Fig. 1.
Conclusions This study showed that the ~30 nm uniform diameter gold nanoparticles colloids have been produced by using citrate-reduction method.

From the data generated, the power pull wire, elongation, modulus of elasticity, and other mechanical parameters can be calculated and analyzed.
Stages of wire drawing reductions.
The tensile strength data for all tested specimens is compared with the respective both samples for SUS 304.
The average box-plot data is represented in Fig. 7.
This data can be used to evaluate the quality of the resulting cable and ensure the underwire meets the requirements for the required application.

The present study confirmed the use of the ultrasonic dental scaler in enhancing the efficacy of lidocaine in pain reduction from palatal injection.
Finally the pain reduction capability of LN was compared with the conventional topical anesthetic, 18% benzocaine/2% tetraciane gel (BZ).
Since the data from the split-mouth comparison were not normally distributed (Shapiro-Wilk test), medians and ranges were described and a Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze the VAS difference between LN and BZ.
In the split-mouth experiment, LN showed a significant pain reduction compared to 18% benzocaine/2% tetracaine gel.
However, the lower VAS in the LN group indicated a more effective pain reduction of the LN compared to the previous 2% lidocaine liposomes.