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The received baseband OFDM signal from receiver The received baseband OFDM signal is given by , (1) where , after removing CP, the received signal is given by ， (2) where is the time-domain data sequence and is additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN).
Since the data of each subblock is the 1/P of the whole OFDM block after subblock tracking, then the Normalized Doppler shift of each subblock is just the 1/P that of the whole OFDM block.When P is appropriate,each subblock turns to be time-invariant.
Therefore, (2) can be further derived as (3) whereis the data of each subblock,;is the time window;，， is the CIR of the subblock period and is middle of the subblock period.
After FFT modulation, formula (3) can be rewritten by (4) where is the modulated signal corresponding to the subblock ,it yields (5) where ,withis the FFT modulated signal with and are the frequency do-main channel transfer function of the subblock period and data signal, respectively.
By (8), we have the signal of the subblock (10) Accordingly, the estimation of data block can be obtained by (11) B.

Production data and by-product data were collected in the integrated steelworks.
Transportation data were calculated by the modes of transportation and transportation distance.
Upstream data were obtained from Gabi 4 software [14].
Steelworks always have statistical data for mean values, so the coefficient of variability (the quotient of mean and standard deviation) should be determined first.
The coefficient of variability is defined by the data quality.

This method differs from other physical and chemical reduction methods for its advantages.
Comparison of reduction of Ag+ ions by NaBH4 and HCOOH rouses great interest to the sizes of obtained nanoparticles and use of them for biological purposes.
According to literature data [33] if maximum adsorption changes at 405 and 503 nm range for Ag nanoparticles, sizes of particles are formed at 2-100 nm interval.
X-ray diffraction spectra of reduction products at different temperatures are given.
Pal, Silver nanoparticle catalyzed reduction of aromatic nitro compounds, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,196 (2002) 247-257

Optimization on Porous Asphalt Pavement is based on noise reduction capacity.
Porous asphalt pavement has the function of drainage and noise reduction.
As shown in Fig.1, the system mainly consists of acoustic impedance tube, loudspeaker, audio controller, data analyzer and computer.
When the VVC is similar, the porous asphalt mixture with smaller maximum nominal particle size can achieve the purpose of noise reduction more effectively
Asphalt waering course optimization for road traffic noise reduction [J].

For investment cost reduction, it is to minimize life-cycle capital and operational expenditures of the planning alternatives (); it is to minimize the total feeder losses in the system () for losses reduction; it is to minimize the average voltage drop in the system () for voltage drop reduction.
The data structure of genes can be depicted as shown in Fig. 1, where SW_No(i), DG_No(i), and Line_No(i) represent the candidate solution of switches, DG, and cable capacity upgrade placements, respectively.
Fig. 1 Data structure of genes for optimal network planning alternative placement By applying the GA to solve the optimal placement of the network planning alternatives, the switch field consists of 2 bits with binary coding in each gene structure and characterizes if a switch exists on the line segment and whether it is normally opened or normally closed.
Comparing the solution obtained from the multiobjective DG placement to that for the initial condition, reductions in the feeder loss, CIC, and average voltage drop are about 65.64%, 52.2%, and 60%, respectively.
It shows that a reduction of about 16.25% in total cost is achieved through the multiobjective DG placement by using the proposed method.

The method of MAS technology for grid-based fault location has the following issues: the need to do based on a large number of electrical data, transmission volume upload is not timely; position calculation amount of information to determine a long time; when appearing DG and the IDT putting in use or out of use , the algorithm is not easy to change, affecting the flexibility of MAS.
According to the relevant network data, establish the topological relationship between nodes.
The Grid Fault Location Method Base on MAS of Rough Sets Decision table and the reduction.4 Tuple is a knowledge representation system, Of which: isfinite set of objects, Called the domain; A non-empty finite set, Called the set of attributes, and, and are called condition attributes set and decision attribute set; V is the range of attribute A: is an information function, Take properties offrom any elementof u, find uniquely determinedin the v, make G become Family of equivalence relations, the intersection of all equivalence relations in the G were Called indiscernibility relation on G, use I(G) show, if there,,is independent, Satisfy, is called a reduction of G, use R(G) show, Full reduction of G is defined as the intersection of nuclear, denoted as: .
Discernibility matrix of decision tableis a Matrix, The row i column j element of the decision table of the i-th row and j-line comparisons of: (1) After a reduction of more than one property after the reduction has been combined, Re-use twenty-two property obtained between the minimum information entropy as the best combination of attribute reduction combinations.
Composed of seven samples of the decision table are: Table 2 Fault diagnosis decision table Of the decision table attribute reduction, 3 properties available for the reduction were {CO1,CB1,CO2,CO3}, {RR1,CB1,CO2,CO3},{CO1,RR1,CO2,CO3}。

The complete data of the bus system was taken from [8].
The real power losses after reconfiguration showed a significant reduction in a rate of 31.077 % from 0.2024 MW to 0.1395 MW.
The complete data of the bus system was taken from [6].
For the proposed technique, the real power losses after reconfiguration showed a significant reduction in a rate of 31.077 % from 0.2024 MW to 0.1395 MW.
All the distribution system experienced reduction in real power loss when the network is reconfigured using this algorithm.

It was found that reduction of particle size, under certain conditions, can increase the injectability of cements.
Reduction of particle size also can improve injectability [3,4,7].
As it can be seen in Table 1, smaller particle size improves injectability of cement pastes, if the milled powder is not treated with heat or treated with heat at 500°C or 600°C temperature (this agrees with data found in literature [3,7]).
This agrees with particle size analysis – size reduction is more pronounced during first two hours of milling.
Conclusions As expected from data shown in literature heat treatment of α-TCP powders increased injectability, as did prolonged milling.

It exhibited two oxidation peaks at 0.360V and 0.638V and two reduction peaks at 0.431V & 0.103V.
Fig. 3b(b) is the voltammogram taken in inert atmosphere(Nitrogen) showing two oxidation peaks at 378 and 628mV and two reduction peaks at 427 and 94 mV.
Fig 3b(c) shows the voltammogram taken in oxidizing atmosphere where there is only one oxidation peak at 375mV and two reduction peaks at 415 and 146 mV.
Based on the Cottrell equation, the analysis of chronocoulometry data shows the charge-time dependence for linear diffusion control.
The intercalation of the polymer onto the clay layers has been confirmed by XRD data.

Although characterized by stability and low energy demand, BI devices are limited in their ability to adapt themselves to changing demands for structure response reduction.
The controlled system’s gain matrix between the structure displacement and the base acceleration vector may be inferred in the form (2) where P and Q denote the matrixes governing the distribution of the control action and the dependence on the response variables, as well as the gain of the isolation device (3) In order to select the most effective control action to be applied, the strategy may consist of optimizing the process through an approach accounting for recorded data from the structure under the ground motion till the moment of application of the control action and adopting a control force such that " t Î [-q,q] (4) The control force to be applied at the instant t may be obtained by instantaneously adding to the current control force expression, based on the Fourier transform of the data recorded up to the current instant the updated value of the error that should be suitably calculated.
Results are quite encouraging in terms of reduction of the structural response.
Actually, the numerical investigation shows a very good performance of the final control system with comparison to traditional devices, since besides the benefits related to the further reduction of the structural response that may be noticed in Figure 1, the procedure is optimized for requiring a very low energy amount in order to be effective.
The numerical investigation shows that the approach, obeying to an optimum problem, may lead to a significant further reduction of the structural response under dynamic excitation, while employing a very contained additional energy.