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Studies on Friction Stir Welding of Al-Cu-Li (AA2195) alloy Agilan M1a *, R.Anbukkarasi2, T.Venkateswran1, Paul G Panicker1, Sathish V Kailas2, D.Sivakumar1 and Bhanu Pant1 1 Materials and Mechanical Entity, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Trivandrum, India 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India aagilan103@gmail.com, t_venkateswaran@gmail.com, d_sivakumar@vssc.gov.in, Keywords: Al-Cu-Li alloy, AA2195, Friction Stir Welding (FSW) Abstract: For aerospace applications, Al-Cu-Li alloys are more attractive than conventional aluminum alloys due to their low density, high modulus and high strength.
The chemical composition of the base material is given in Table 1.
The ultimate tensile strength of base material and FSW weld were 458 MPa and 381 MPa respectively, the weld efficiency (UTS) was 83% with respect to the base material at T6 condition.
References [1] K.H.Hou, W.A.Baeslack III, Characterization of heat affected zone in gas tungsten arc welded aluminum alloy 2195-T8, Journal of Material Science Letters 15 (1996) 239-244
Mahoney, Friction Stir Welding and Processing, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 2007 [3] Daniela Lohwasser and Zhan Chen, Friction Stir Welding, Woodhead Publishing Limited, New Delhi, 2010 [4] David G Kinchen, Zhixian Li and Glynn P Adams, Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welds in Al2195-T8, First International Symposium on Friction Stir Welding, June 1999 (Thousand Oaks, CA), TWI

Materials and Methods PES is mainly located in the mountainous region of the Chaihe sub–watershed and the Dahe sub– watershed of Dianchi watershed in Jinniang County, Kunming (24°36′–24°37′ N, 102°41′–102°42′ E, 1990–2150 m asl) [8].
Total N and P of the leaf samples were measured using an acid digest on ground, oven–dried material (60℃, 48h).
Duan, in: Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 35 (2011) 353-361(in Chinese)
Van Der Heijden, in: Australian Journal of Botany, 51 (2003) 335-380
Chan, in: Critical reviews in plant sciences, 21 (2002) 493-509

During clearing period, suspended solid materials(SS) and concentration of pollutant increased obviously.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41172205) and Science and Technology Key Research of Jilin (20100452).
Journal of Northeast Normal University(Natual Science Edition). 42(1):152-156 (2010).
Journal of Environment Engineering Technology. 2:219-222 (2012).
Environmental Science. 9: 2058-2062 (2007).

Materials and methods Plant material.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Youth Technological Innovation Foundation of Harbin (2009RFQXN099), National Nature Science Foundation of China (30971834) and Heilongjiang Province Science Foundation for Youths (QC2010123).
American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research, 2009, 4(2): 81–84
In: Proceedings of the First World Congress on Allelopathy: A Science of the Future.
Journal of Plant Physiology, 2010, 167: 468–471

Luton (1996) Formation of supersaturated solid solutions by mechanical alloying, Nanostructured Materials, Volume 7, Issues 1–2, January–February (1996), Pages 67-79
Journal of Alloys and Compounds 505 (2010) 510–515
Materials Science and Engineering A, 399 (2005) 382–386
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 494 (2010), 175–189
Vilar, XRD, XPS and SEM characterisation of Cu–NbC nanocomposite produced by mechanical alloying, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 109 (2008), 174–180.

Therefore, it can greatly improve abrasion resistance of materials [1-3].
Experiments Sample Materials.
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Study on the Mechanism of Metal Materials by Laser Compound Processing (Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China 2003).

Introduction Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are a new class of material whose composition continuously changes from one surface to another surface.
Because of this continuous change of components, FGM has functional properties of several materials in a material without the influence of interface [1-3].
References [1] FGM Forum of JAPAN: Functionally gradient materials, (Kogyo Chosakai Publishing, Tokyo 1993).
Ford: Functionally Graded Materials: Design, Processing and Applications (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston 1999)
Watanabe, editor: Development and Application of Functionally Graded Materials (CMC Publishing Co.

Materials and Methods The data of three age groups with equal ratios (nine boys and nine girls for each group) were analyzed in this study: children aged 7 years (mean age = 7.68± 0.67 years; school years = 1), children aged 11 years (mean age = 11.24± 0.58 years; school years = 5), and adults (mean age = 25.20± 2.34 years).
Kolev: Journal of Psychophysiology 23 (2009) 174-182
Picton: Science 182 (1973) 177-180
Makeig: Journal of Neuroscience Methods 134 (2004) 9-21
Delorme: Trends in Cognitive Sciences 8 (2004) 204-210

In order to achieve a stable function they must constantly obtain materials and energy from outside their administrative boundaries and create output products and waste.
Journal of Environmental Sciences,2005,25(5):586～594 [2] Alice L Clarke.
Chinese Journal of Ecology, 1999, 18(4):57-64
Journal of Capital Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2004, 25:80-84
Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology, 2008(1):38-39.

Especially in information science for optimal control and adaptive control and fuzzy control, artificial neural networks, not only theoretically made remarkable progress, and has been used in the automobile suspension system vibration control.
Beijing university of science and technology DingKe etc will neural network and fuzzy control combined, design of fuzzy controller design novel neural network, practical strong, especially for vibration reduction to demand higher vehicles, can develop more the advantages, the control effect is obviously superior to PID control [19-20].
ASME Journal of Engineering for Industry, with just 1974 (2) : 619 ~ 626 [3] SunJianMin, YangQingMei, ChenYuJiang the automobile suspension system vibration control skills Art research status car technology and materials, 2001, 24 (2) : 24 ~271 [4] Thompsn A G.
Internati onal Journal of system Science,1996 (2):215 ~ 219 [9] Fang xibang, Chen wuwei, Fuzzy control technology and its in Car semi-active suspension of the application of the mechanical engineering,1999,35 (3): 98 ~ 100 [10] ChenWuWei etc.Car semi-active suspension of nonlinear neural network from suffering Should be controlled study.
Journal of mechanical engineering, 2000, 36 (1): 75 ~78 [11] Chen dragon, Li dechao, ZhouKongKang.a new vehicle of semi-active suspensionA controller design agricultural engineering journal, 2002, 18 (3):566~ 571 [12] YangBoTao etc.Hydraulic semi-active suspension adaptive neural network control China journal of highway and transport, 2003, 16 (1) : 104 ~ 107 [13] Wu Zhiqiao, Masaharu Mizumot.PID type fuzzy controller and parameters adaptive method [J] Fuzzy SetsAnd Systems, 1996, 78:238 ~ 251 [14] GuoDaLei, HuHaiYan .