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In this study, the equivalent flow stress is approximated using the following equation, which was proposed by Sheppard et al. [7]
Because the most of heat is generated as the result of friction between the target material and the shoulder of FSW tool in FSW, Figarrd et al. proposed that the heat input unit time q (W) can be described as the following equation which can be derived by the simple mathematical model [10] (4) Where, m, P, N and r are coefficient of friction, compressive load (N/m), rotational speed (s-1) and radius of shoulder (m), respectively.
[2] A.Kimura, R.Kasada, N.Iwata, H.Kishimoto, C.H.Zhang, J.Isselin, P.Dou, J.H.Lee, N.Muthukumar, T.Okuda, M.Inoue, S.Ukai, S.Ohnuki, T.Fujisaka and T.F.Abe, Development of Al Added High-Cr ODS Steels for Fuel Cladding of Next Generation Nuclear Systems, J.
[4] F.Najmabadi, The Aries Team: C.G.Bathke, M.C.Billone, J.P.Blanchard, L.Bromberg, E.Chin, F.R.Cole, J.A.Crowell, D.A.Ehst, L.A.El-Guebaly, J.S.Herring, T.Q.Hua, S.C.Jardin, C.E.Kessel, H.Khater, V.D.Lee, S.Malang, T.K.Mau, R.L.Miller, E.A.Mogahed, T.W.Petrie, E.E.Reis, J.Schultz, M.Sidorov, D.Steiner, I.N.Sviatoslavsky, D.K.Sze, R.Thayer, M.S.Tillack, P.Titus, L.M.Wagner, X.Wang and C.P.C.Wong, Overview of the ARIES-RS Reversed-Shear Tokamak Power Plant Study, Fusion Eng.

Laribi, et al.: A Combined Genetic Algorithm-Fuzzy Logic Method (GA - FL) in Mechanism Synthesis.
Cabrera, et al.: Multiobjective Constrained Optimal Synthesis of Planar Mechanisms using a 'ew Evolutionary Algorithm.
El-Kribi and L.
Nariman-Zadeh, et al.: Pareto Optimal Synthesis of four-bar Mechanisms for Path Generation.

Oven ,muffle furnace, analytical balance, volumetric flask, crucible, sieve, elemental analyzer(Eemenar company Vario ELⅢ),ICP-AES(US,PE company optima 2000 DV) Results and discussion Basic properties of paper sludge.
Table 4 Results of metal elements in paper sludge Metal Spectral line/nm Content(ug/g) Al 396.153 18000 Ba 233.527 1300 Ca 317.933 160000 Fe 238.204 38600 K 766.490 5500 Mg 285.213 280 Mn 257.610 280 Na 589.592 3000 P 213.617 2400 Zn 206.200 95 Si 251.611 4140 Cr 267.716 56 Cu 327.393 20 From the table 4 we can see that there were many kinds of metal element,this sludge not only contain toxic metal element(Cr),but also have non-toxic elements which was excessive to poisonous substance(Fe),besides,there were beneficial elements to plant growth(P,K),among them the content of Ca, Al ,Fe were very high.
There were many kinds of metal element in sludge,this sludge not only contain toxic metal element(Cr),but also have non-toxic elements which was excessive to poisonous substance(Fe),besides,there were beneficial elements to plant growth(P,K),among them the content of Ca, Al ,Fe were very high.

El-Hussiny et al.
[4] Cunha et al.: Metalurgia & Materiais (2006), p.111
[10] Vieira et al.

Mathematical validation The algorithm has been first applied for solving a problem based on a known mathematical function with 2 objective functions and 2 design variables to be minimised, proposed by Poloni et al [12].
Massé et al. [14] in a previous work.
The first author also wants to thank Fadi El Haddad for the help given during the initial development of the algorithm code.
[13] Marie Stephane et al., Inverse Analysis of Forming Processes Based on FORGE Environment, Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 611-612, 2014, pp.1494-1502 [14] T.

In the picture, E, N, W, AR, AL, LR, LL represent eye, neck, waist, right arm, left arm, right leg, left leg respectively.
[5] Kenji K., Kensuke H., Fumio K., Go M., and Kazuhiko A.,2008, “Humanoid Robot HRP-3” [6] Abd El-Azim, R.A., Ueno A., Tatsumi S.
[7] Kuroki Y. et al．A Small Biped Entertainment Robot Exploring Attractive Applications, IEEE Int.
[10] Xinjun Liu, Jinsong Wang, Feng Gao et al.

Concentration dependent structural, optical and luminescence investigations of Dy3+ doped Bi2O3-P2O5-Li2O-Na2O glasses reported by Damodaraiah et al. [11] Y2O3-CaO-SiO2-B2O3 glasses reported by Kesavulu et al. [12] and P2O5-Nb2O5-K2O-Al2O3 glasses reported by Srihari and Jayasankar [13].
Jayasankar, Spectroscopic and photoluminescence properties of Sm3+ ions in Pb-K-Al-Na phosphate glasses for efficient visible lasers, J.
Damak, El.S.

Polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil (Cremophor® RH40) and polyoxyl 35 castor oil (Cremophor® EL) were received form BASF (Thai) Ltd.
The result is in agreement with that reported by Fatouros et al. [7] and Fernandez et al. [8].
Our results disagree with Sadurní et al. [11] who reported the type of liquid crystal structures of o/w nanoemulsions.

Sanlúcar Km 7. 11510, El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz.
Abdolvand et al. have also recently applied a multi-pulse Nd-YAG laser to induce different textures on stainless steel samples [16].
Materials and Methods Samples of 5083 Al-Mg alloy whose size was 15x70x3 mm3, have been texturized.
Element Si Fe Cu Mn Mg Cr Pb Ti Ga V Al 5083 0.1 0.30 0.02 0.50 4.22 0.08 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 94.73 Table 2.

Role of Nonequilibrium Vacancies in Spinodal Decomposition According to the classic theory of spinodal decomposition, the period of lamellar structure is determined by intensity of non-local interactions, treated as squared gradient term in the density of Gibbs free energy ( ) ( )( ) ∫ ∇Ω++ Ω = 2 CKgCg dV G el .
Taking into account of gradient and elastic energy, as well as redistribution of vacancies, one has: V V AA B el B ABA C C DC CK C g LCj ∇+        ∇Ω−+ ∂ ∂ ∇=Ω * 2 2~µ , ,2~ * 2 V V BB B el B BA B C C DC CK C g LCj ∇+        ∇Ω−+ ∂ ∂ ∇−=Ω µ (25) ( ) uC C DCDC CK C g LCLCj V V BBAA ei ABBA V =∇ + −      ∇Ω−+ ∂ ∂ ∇−=Ω * * 2 2~µ - lattice shift velocity
Erdonmez, et al, Science Vol.304 (2004), p.711