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The data that are to be updated must be written to empty page of flash memory and then the original page of the data is marked as invalid.
FTL can maintain a consistent state for general data and meta-data, even though flash memory encounters an unexpected power-outage.
If erasure time of a block reach the threshold, data in the block is exchanged with the data in the block of the least erasure time in SSD.
In Li-ping Chang’s[9] algorithm, all blocks of SSD are divided into hot pool and cold pool to store hot data and cold data respectively.
Otherwise, data in the selected block will be swapped with data in the block that erasure time is least in SSD.

Hybridization of fibers is one of the widely used approaches to achieve this target and to enhance mechanical properties with a reduction in cost [1, 2].
Each case was repeated three times and the data is averaged.
H3, H6, H5 and H2) had the lowest reduction of strength among all samples and thus better damage tolerance.
Table 3 shows the reduction percentage in the residual compressive strength between non-impacted and impacted pipe samples.
Specifically, specimens that gave higher reduction percentage in the compressive loading suffer from extreme damage failure modes (i.e.

The reheating temperature, reduction ratio and interrupt temperature has no obvious effect on the formation of dual phase of acicular ferrite or bainite and M/A.
The schematic illustrations of different schedules for reheating temperature, reduction ratio, deformation temperature, cooling rate, relaxing time and interrupt temperature are shown in Figs. 2a-f.
The average of each measured data was plotted against process parameters.
Effect of deformation on microstructural evolution and grain refinement Reduction ratio Optical micrographs in the specimens treated by processing type B are presented in Fig. 4.
It is evident that the morphology and size of bainite and M/A have no obvious change at different reduction ratio because their difference is small.

Baum-Snow and Kahn (2005) have shown considerable reduction of the mean time of trips in the areas which are adjacent to urban rail transit compared with the far away areas and this is because of rail transit’s high speed compared with bus or private vehicles under the same conditions [4].
Fig. 1: Plan view of Ahvaz urban subway lines [1] Data Based on detailed study of Ahvaz traffic and systems, the number of population and travellers in different time periods are mentioned in table 1 according to required number of urban rail lines.
Reduction of energy consumption Considering 0.13 lit. of gasoline consumption for each kilometer and also 2.5 passenger For Gasoline fuel injection vehicles, fuel consumption for each kilometer and for each person will be 0.025 lit.
Based on the obtained data from Environment Org. the amounts of distributed pollutions caused by burning one liter of Gasoline engines are mentioned in Table. 2.
[9] Chang, Shuenn-Chin and Chung-Te Lee (2006) “Ozone Variations through Vehicle Emissions Reductions based on Air Quality Monitoring Data in Taipei City, Taiwan, from 1994-2003,”Atmospheric Environment. 40(19): 3613-3526

According to its safety data sheet, this agent is based on 5-ethyl-1,3-dioxane-5-methanol, 2ethylpropane-1,3-diol and propylidynetrimethanol.
The above described measurement device is equipped with one movable head which is leaning against the inductive sensor connected to the data logger, which stores the data with the frequency of 5 Hz.
The estimated reduction shrinkage due to addition of SRA is about 1500 µm/m.
Based on the results, it can be stated that the highest benefit of the SRA addition was found in reduction of the risk of AAS composite cracking.
The ways of the shrinkage reduction in AAS composites have to be further intensively investigated.

Time data had been collected for all the existing processes, once all the processes of the belt manufacturing industry become familiar.
The detailed data of the processes are as follows.
Belt Section : B - Banded Table 1: Building Machine Time Data Section: B-Banded Total Process Time (mins) Cont.
Similarly, the time data for HRC machine were calculated and given in Table 3.
· The rework has been reduced from 9.78% to 5.65% through the data coding

The model was validated using experimental data received after carrying out of the 2-pass reversing hot strip rolling of magnesium alloy AZ31.
The problem formulation in the discretised shape can be given as [17]: D∂T∂t+KT+l=1nbsHlT=l=1nbsGl where K is the stiffness matrix, D is the mass matrix, F is the vector of the heat source and the matrices, Hl is corresponds to functions h and Gl to functions gl, both related with boundary conditions given by the data TΓ in the boundary integrals.
The applied rolling schedule for first two pass reduction is depicted in Table 1.
Moreover, a sufficient data base was obtained by running measurements.
The proposed approach provides valid temperature data for the further calculation of microstructure evolution during reversing hot rolling.

Features of the deformation process by cold radial forging of tube billets from Zr-1%Nb alloy were reconstructed on the basis of X-ray texture data.
Processes of structure formation in Zr-based alloys under rolling and following heat treatments were studied thoroughly [1-2], whereas presented in the given paper data on structure and texture formation in tube billets under radial forging were obtained for the first time.
The following designations are used in the table: Dext – external diameter of tube billet, t – wall thickness, Dt/t – relative reduction by tube wall, DD/Dav – relative reduction by average tube diameter, Q – (Dt/t)/(DD/Dav).
As it is seen from obtained data, pressing with preheating at 590oC creates in the billet the similar texture as well (Fig. 2-A, 3-A).
This assertion responds to the reality under the following conditions, corresponding to the non-contradictory interpretation of obtained experimental data: (1) Radial forging is accompanied by more intense grain fragmentation, than other deformation modes.

., and there are huge noises as from 6 p.m. in summer and 7 p.m. in winter; in addition, these three buildings were built at an early time, and noise reduction was insufficiently considered.
Design Scheme for Renovation Design scheme for noise reduction We adopted sound-proof wall for noise reduction design.
According to the sound insulation characteristics of the sound-proof wall and by reference to related research data, main measures for improving sound insulation capabilities of sound-proof wall are as follows: (1)Ensure appropriate surface density of single-layer wall Normally, single-layer wall conforms to the “Quality Law” that the bigger the surface density, the better the sound-proof effect.
The weighted sound reduction index for such double-layer walls is generally 6dB ~ 10dB higher than single-layer walls
The scheme for noise reduction was designed by combining all the above measures, as shown in Fig.

After recrystallization annealing the austenite grain sizes were investigated as a function of the reduction in thickness for the two initial structures. 2.
The As increased from 300 to 440℃ with increasing the deformation from zero to 90% in thickness reduction, and the Af from 400 to 480℃.
Fig. 5 shows a plot of the recrystallized austenite grain size versus the reduction in thickness after annealing for 1 hour at 800℃.
The grain size of recrystallized austenite produced from the martensite is much smaller than that from the original austenite at any reductions of thickness.
All data points are in accord with a straight line.