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Researchers have attempted to study on low cost transition materials such as like Cu, Ni, Cr, Mn, Mo, Nb, V, Fe, Ag, and Zn.
Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2007. 104: p. 554-559
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2001. 84(1): p. 153-160
Materials Letters, 2004. 58(25): p. 3226-3228
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009. 161(1): p. 42-48.

The material growth, device fabrication and performance of integrated MW1/MW2 dual-color HgCdTe infrared detector were reported.
Three layer p-p-P material are homotype hetero junction.
[3] Zanatta J.P, Noel F, et al., Journal of Electronic Materials, 2003, 32, 602-607
[7] Reine M.B, Norton P.W, Starr R, Journal of Electronic Materials, 1995, 24, 5, 669~678
[9] Ye Zhen-Hua, Wu Jun Hu, et al., Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, 2004, 3, 193~196

"Research trends in polymer materials for use in lightweight vehicles", International journal of precision engineering and manufacturing, vol. 16.1(2015), pp. 213-220
"Welding of very dissimilar materials (Fe-Al)", Jom, vol.66.10(2014), pp.2123-2129
"Critical assessment 27: dissimilar resistance spot welding of aluminium/steel: challenges and opportunities", Materials Science and Technology, vol.33. 15 (2017), pp. 1705-1712
"Powder metallurgical fabrication and microstructural investigations of aluminum/steel functionally graded material", Materials Sciences and Applications,vol. 2.12(2012), pp. 1708
"Critical assessment 27: dissimilar resistance spot welding of aluminium/steel: challenges and opportunities ", Materials Science and Technology ,vol.33.15(2017) ,pp. 1705-1712

Materials and Methods Microorganism strain The bacterial strain of Bacillus sp.
Statistical analysis Statistical analysis was conducted using Excel 2003 (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA) and SPSS 19.0 (Statistical Package for Social Science, Chicago, IL, USA) for Windows.
Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2012, 24: 1662-1669
Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2006, 18: 1204-1209
Journal of Hazardous Materials. 1999, B69: 25-39

Materials and methods Chemicals PNP (>98% purity) was obtained from Aldrich–Sigma Chemicals Co.
Acknowledgement This work was financially supported with a grants issued by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41101226, 50879029) and Science and technology projects, Ministry of Housing and Urban of China (2011-k4-4) .
References [1] Y.L Zheng, D.L Liu, and S.W.Liu: Journal of Environmental Sciences , Vol.21(2009)p.1194 [2]M.
Zhang, Y.Yan: Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B.
Vol.59(2007), P.90 [11]J.S.Zhang, Z.T.Sun, Y.Y.Li, X.Peng, W.Li, Y.C.Yan: Journal of Hazardous Materials.

Journal of Materials processing Technology. 2004, 20(1)：117-120 [9] Nodeh I.
Journal of Materials processing Technology. 2008, 205(1-3)：60-69 [10] Chu C C.
Fatigue of materials[M].
American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1995, vol. 25.
[13] Q.M.Wang , Guyed Mast , chapter, 10, Science Press, 2001 [14] L.J.Lu.

But there are many relevant test methods and applied theories on the research of corrosion fatigue of metal materials especially in the field of aviation [2,7].
Experiment Design Experiment Materials and Equipment.
According to relevant survey materials [4, 6], the salinity of seawater in China’s coastal main ports is about 25,000 mg/L and the average of Cl – is about 15,000 mg/L.
Journal of concrete, 2004 (2): 11-15
Journal of Composite Materials, 1997, 31(2):128-157.

Now day, FSW of high temperature materials such as steels, titanium and its alloys have gained immense research interest due to its inherent advantages.
Steel is mostly used material in manufacturing sector and structural applications.
Canyurt, “Friction Stir Welding of austenitic stainless steels, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering”, 43, (2010) 432 – 439
Chen, H.Fujii, T.Tsumuru, Y.Kitagawa, K.Ikeuchi, K.Matsubayashi, Y.Michishita, Y.Fujiya,J.Katoh, “Banded structure and its distribution in friction stir processing of 316L austenitic stainless steel”, Journal Nuclear Materials. 420, (2012) 497 – 500
Miyano, H.Fujji, Y.Sun, Y.Katada, S.Kuroda,, “Friction welding of a nickel free high nitrogen steel: influence of forge force on microstructure, mechanical properties and pitting corrosion resistance”, Materials Science and Engineering A, 528(2011) 2917-2921

Bio-adsorbent has a widely sources of raw materials and low cost, compared with the traditional method of heavy metal ions removal methods, showing greater leverage in environmental protection, it has broad application prospects.
Many cellulosic materials such as peanut shell, soybean hulls, pomelo peel, corn cob has porous structure and adsorption properties of high performance.
In recent years, many scholars have used these materials to get rid of different types of heavy metals in waste water[3-5], but the absorption rate is not high.
References [1] Fenglian Fu*, Qi Wang: Journal of Environmental Management,Vol.92(2011), p. 407 [2] Thapanapong Phuengprasop, Jarinya Sittiwong, Fuangfa Unob*: Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 186 (2011), p. 502 [3] W.S.
Hanafiah: Bioresource Technology, Vol. 99 (2008), p. 3935 [4] Abbas Afkhami*, Mohammad Saber-Tehrani, Hasan Bagheri: Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 181 (2010), p. 836 [5] Dhiraj Sud*, Garima Mahajan, M.P.

Mechanical Properties Primary materials and Mix design of concrete Primary materials：Ordinary P.O42.5 cement is used throughout the program,coarse aggregate is size of 3~10mm,river sand is with 2.8 fineness modulus, FDN-5 water reducer which can reduce water 15% and silica ash is also used.
The PLASTIC_KINEMATIC material model is selected for lead-casing, an the JOHNSON_COOK material model and GRUNEISEN state equation are selected for copper sheet.
International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2003, 28(5): 479－497
Journal of PLA University of science and Technology, 2005, 6(5): 459-463
International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2011, 28(2-3): 95-105.