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Online since: June 2014
Authors: Yuan Yuan, Xiao Ping Zhang
Based on the analysis of the Tobacco Company’s database marketing data, it can be found that in practice the basic mass data need to be gathered (dimensionality reduction) on a number of dimensions, then the result data set can be operationalized.Also in this process, it will consume a lot of hardware and software resources since the size of basic data is too large that resulting in overall operating performance is quite low.By using MapReduce computing model in Hadoop distributed computing platform, data in database marketing could be operated in a way of dimensionality reduction or multi-dimensional analysis.That is to say,the processing tasks of massive data are performed by Hadoop, to realize massive data processing and low coupling of real-time data processing, and improve the speed of system analysis and computing.
2.Hadoop Distributed Computing Framework and Related Technologies
Hadoop in Apache Software Foundation is an open source distributed computing platform,its core design
For this relational data structure, it is necessary to convert its data structure so as to deal with data by MapReduce model after Hadoop swallowing the data.In this paper,when designing MapReduce computing model in dealing with relational data approaches, it is necessary to do a Cartesian product from relational data in various dimensions and metrics data collection according to the related key values.
In consideration of clear expression,in this paper,the untreated data sets that extracted from other data sources in HDFS are called Original data sets,and the data sets that produced by original data which had processed by MapReduce model are called Derived data sets.
Data in each row of original data files correspond to data in each row of relational database with comma as field separator,if field separator conflict with the character in field,it can choose another characters that do not appeared in the field,or replace the comma.
Through the above analysis of data structure, We can apply data in MapReduce computation model for flexible data processing.According to the data requirements of promotion response model ,it needs to count up the number of cigarettes purchased in a price category,so as to determine the value of customer attribute.
For this relational data structure, it is necessary to convert its data structure so as to deal with data by MapReduce model after Hadoop swallowing the data.In this paper,when designing MapReduce computing model in dealing with relational data approaches, it is necessary to do a Cartesian product from relational data in various dimensions and metrics data collection according to the related key values.
In consideration of clear expression,in this paper,the untreated data sets that extracted from other data sources in HDFS are called Original data sets,and the data sets that produced by original data which had processed by MapReduce model are called Derived data sets.
Data in each row of original data files correspond to data in each row of relational database with comma as field separator,if field separator conflict with the character in field,it can choose another characters that do not appeared in the field,or replace the comma.
Through the above analysis of data structure, We can apply data in MapReduce computation model for flexible data processing.According to the data requirements of promotion response model ,it needs to count up the number of cigarettes purchased in a price category,so as to determine the value of customer attribute.
Online since: February 2015
Authors: Jian Hua Li, Lu Dai
At present, the most of studies on resource allocation mainly focus on improving the overall performance by balancing the load of data center.
At present, the most of studies on resource allocation mainly focus on improving the overall performance by balancing the load of data center, but they didn’t give full consideration to how to reduce energy consumption.
By estimation, China Data Center consumed 7 million KWh power in 2011 which takes up 5% of China’s total power consumption.
The increase of resource utilization rate both saves energy and reduces emission of CO2 such that it contributes to reduction of greenhouse effect, be significant to protection of the whole ecological environment and conforms to present idea of “Green IT” [5,6].
The performance of proposed method is verified by the mode of integrating theoretical, simulation and test analysis and further optimized on the basis of analysis simulation and test data for providing high resource utilization rate and energy-efficient data center and laying basis for design of allocation of resources at upper level.
At present, the most of studies on resource allocation mainly focus on improving the overall performance by balancing the load of data center, but they didn’t give full consideration to how to reduce energy consumption.
By estimation, China Data Center consumed 7 million KWh power in 2011 which takes up 5% of China’s total power consumption.
The increase of resource utilization rate both saves energy and reduces emission of CO2 such that it contributes to reduction of greenhouse effect, be significant to protection of the whole ecological environment and conforms to present idea of “Green IT” [5,6].
The performance of proposed method is verified by the mode of integrating theoretical, simulation and test analysis and further optimized on the basis of analysis simulation and test data for providing high resource utilization rate and energy-efficient data center and laying basis for design of allocation of resources at upper level.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Chun Lien Su
For investment cost reduction, it is to minimize life-cycle capital and operational expenditures of the planning alternatives (); it is to minimize the total feeder losses in the system () for losses reduction; it is to minimize the average voltage drop in the system () for voltage drop reduction.
The data structure of genes can be depicted as shown in Fig. 1, where SW_No(i), DG_No(i), and Line_No(i) represent the candidate solution of switches, DG, and cable capacity upgrade placements, respectively.
Fig. 1 Data structure of genes for optimal network planning alternative placement By applying the GA to solve the optimal placement of the network planning alternatives, the switch field consists of 2 bits with binary coding in each gene structure and characterizes if a switch exists on the line segment and whether it is normally opened or normally closed.
Comparing the solution obtained from the multiobjective DG placement to that for the initial condition, reductions in the feeder loss, CIC, and average voltage drop are about 65.64%, 52.2%, and 60%, respectively.
It shows that a reduction of about 16.25% in total cost is achieved through the multiobjective DG placement by using the proposed method.
The data structure of genes can be depicted as shown in Fig. 1, where SW_No(i), DG_No(i), and Line_No(i) represent the candidate solution of switches, DG, and cable capacity upgrade placements, respectively.
Fig. 1 Data structure of genes for optimal network planning alternative placement By applying the GA to solve the optimal placement of the network planning alternatives, the switch field consists of 2 bits with binary coding in each gene structure and characterizes if a switch exists on the line segment and whether it is normally opened or normally closed.
Comparing the solution obtained from the multiobjective DG placement to that for the initial condition, reductions in the feeder loss, CIC, and average voltage drop are about 65.64%, 52.2%, and 60%, respectively.
It shows that a reduction of about 16.25% in total cost is achieved through the multiobjective DG placement by using the proposed method.
Online since: August 2015
Authors: Pais Saedin, Mohamad Adha Mohamad Idin, Ahmad Asri Abd Samat, Aimi Idzwan Tajudin
The complete data of the bus system was taken from [8].
The real power losses after reconfiguration showed a significant reduction in a rate of 31.077 % from 0.2024 MW to 0.1395 MW.
The complete data of the bus system was taken from [6].
For the proposed technique, the real power losses after reconfiguration showed a significant reduction in a rate of 31.077 % from 0.2024 MW to 0.1395 MW.
All the distribution system experienced reduction in real power loss when the network is reconfigured using this algorithm.
The real power losses after reconfiguration showed a significant reduction in a rate of 31.077 % from 0.2024 MW to 0.1395 MW.
The complete data of the bus system was taken from [6].
For the proposed technique, the real power losses after reconfiguration showed a significant reduction in a rate of 31.077 % from 0.2024 MW to 0.1395 MW.
All the distribution system experienced reduction in real power loss when the network is reconfigured using this algorithm.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Wen Bin Ma, Chao Ma, Gui Xing Zheng, Rui Zhao
The method of MAS technology for grid-based fault location has the following issues: the need to do based on a large number of electrical data, transmission volume upload is not timely; position calculation amount of information to determine a long time; when appearing DG and the IDT putting in use or out of use , the algorithm is not easy to change, affecting the flexibility of MAS.
According to the relevant network data, establish the topological relationship between nodes.
The Grid Fault Location Method Base on MAS of Rough Sets Decision table and the reduction.4 Tuple is a knowledge representation system, Of which: isfinite set of objects, Called the domain; A non-empty finite set, Called the set of attributes, and, and are called condition attributes set and decision attribute set; V is the range of attribute A: is an information function, Take properties offrom any elementof u, find uniquely determinedin the v, make G become Family of equivalence relations, the intersection of all equivalence relations in the G were Called indiscernibility relation on G, use I(G) show, if there,,is independent, Satisfy, is called a reduction of G, use R(G) show, Full reduction of G is defined as the intersection of nuclear, denoted as: .
Discernibility matrix of decision tableis a Matrix, The row i column j element of the decision table of the i-th row and j-line comparisons of: (1) After a reduction of more than one property after the reduction has been combined, Re-use twenty-two property obtained between the minimum information entropy as the best combination of attribute reduction combinations.
Composed of seven samples of the decision table are: Table 2 Fault diagnosis decision table Of the decision table attribute reduction, 3 properties available for the reduction were {CO1,CB1,CO2,CO3}, {RR1,CB1,CO2,CO3},{CO1,RR1,CO2,CO3}。
According to the relevant network data, establish the topological relationship between nodes.
The Grid Fault Location Method Base on MAS of Rough Sets Decision table and the reduction.4 Tuple is a knowledge representation system, Of which: isfinite set of objects, Called the domain; A non-empty finite set, Called the set of attributes, and, and are called condition attributes set and decision attribute set; V is the range of attribute A: is an information function, Take properties offrom any elementof u, find uniquely determinedin the v, make G become Family of equivalence relations, the intersection of all equivalence relations in the G were Called indiscernibility relation on G, use I(G) show, if there,,is independent, Satisfy, is called a reduction of G, use R(G) show, Full reduction of G is defined as the intersection of nuclear, denoted as: .
Discernibility matrix of decision tableis a Matrix, The row i column j element of the decision table of the i-th row and j-line comparisons of: (1) After a reduction of more than one property after the reduction has been combined, Re-use twenty-two property obtained between the minimum information entropy as the best combination of attribute reduction combinations.
Composed of seven samples of the decision table are: Table 2 Fault diagnosis decision table Of the decision table attribute reduction, 3 properties available for the reduction were {CO1,CB1,CO2,CO3}, {RR1,CB1,CO2,CO3},{CO1,RR1,CO2,CO3}。
Online since: January 2011
Authors: Cristina Ileana Pascu, Alexandru Stanimir, Ioan Vida-Simiti
Ni-powder is obtained by the reduction of nickel nitrate in hydrogen.
After reduction, 2% paraffin dissolved in alcohol is introduced, followed by a homogenization for 90 minutes.
Before utilisation Cu-powder was deoxygenated through reduction into hydrogen.
STATISTICA is a comprehensive, integrated data analysis, graphics, database management, and custom application development system featuring a wide selection of basic and advanced analytic procedures for business, data mining, science, and engineering applications.
STATISTICA program realizes linear and non-linear, logistic, exponential statistical data processing.
After reduction, 2% paraffin dissolved in alcohol is introduced, followed by a homogenization for 90 minutes.
Before utilisation Cu-powder was deoxygenated through reduction into hydrogen.
STATISTICA is a comprehensive, integrated data analysis, graphics, database management, and custom application development system featuring a wide selection of basic and advanced analytic procedures for business, data mining, science, and engineering applications.
STATISTICA program realizes linear and non-linear, logistic, exponential statistical data processing.
Online since: August 2012
Authors: Ru Jin Zhou, Ping Wang, Li Hua Cheng
The HRP/CdSe/MS composite film toward the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) had stronger response signal under UV illumination than that in the dark.
The electrons photo-generated from CdSe and the electrons provided by electrode can occur simultaneously to catalyze the reduction of H2O2.
When CdSe/MS composite film as an electron donor is presented in a peroxidase–electrode system, the electrons photo-generated from CdSe/MS composite and the electrons provided by electrode can occur simultaneously to catalyze the reduction of H2O2.
Wide-angle (10-80º, 40 kV/200 mA) X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) data were recorded on a Rigaku D/max 2550 VB/PC diffratometer using nickel-filtered Cu-Kα radiation with wavelength λ = 0.154056 nm.
Such a fast response may be ascribed to CdSe as an electron donor presenting in a peroxidase–electrode system and facilitating reduction processes.
The electrons photo-generated from CdSe and the electrons provided by electrode can occur simultaneously to catalyze the reduction of H2O2.
When CdSe/MS composite film as an electron donor is presented in a peroxidase–electrode system, the electrons photo-generated from CdSe/MS composite and the electrons provided by electrode can occur simultaneously to catalyze the reduction of H2O2.
Wide-angle (10-80º, 40 kV/200 mA) X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) data were recorded on a Rigaku D/max 2550 VB/PC diffratometer using nickel-filtered Cu-Kα radiation with wavelength λ = 0.154056 nm.
Such a fast response may be ascribed to CdSe as an electron donor presenting in a peroxidase–electrode system and facilitating reduction processes.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: R. Anand, A. Zahir Hussain, Sumit Raj
There was a 5 % reduction in the Nitrous Oxide (NO) emission with pWEO.
Heat release rate (HRR) and exhaust gas temperature showed considerable reduction with pWEO fuel operation.
The cylinder gas pressure was measured using a quartz (piezo-electric) transducer through data acquisition system.
Higher density of processed waste engine oil affects the fuel atomisation rate and hence the reduction in heat release rate when compared to diesel [6].
· There was a considerable reduction in HRR for operation with pWEO, it decreased from 65 J/degree for diesel to 40 J/degree for pWEO, which is about 40 % decrease.
Heat release rate (HRR) and exhaust gas temperature showed considerable reduction with pWEO fuel operation.
The cylinder gas pressure was measured using a quartz (piezo-electric) transducer through data acquisition system.
Higher density of processed waste engine oil affects the fuel atomisation rate and hence the reduction in heat release rate when compared to diesel [6].
· There was a considerable reduction in HRR for operation with pWEO, it decreased from 65 J/degree for diesel to 40 J/degree for pWEO, which is about 40 % decrease.
Online since: August 2011
Authors: Min Xiao, Bao Shou Sun, Xue Dao Shu
Fig.4c shows that percentage of area reduction impacted on axial force, technical parameters are:α=25°,β=50%, d0=50mm. percentage of area reduction is 30%, 50%, 60%, 70%.
Clearly, the influence of axial force to percentage of area reduction is complex.
It will also make rolling reduction Z reduce.
On the other hand, when the direction of transition from S1>S0 to S1=S0, the rolling reduction Z increases with the increasing of percentage of area reduction.
Because of much collected data, we choose the maximum rolling force in operating condition of each diameter to draw the curve in Fig.6.
Clearly, the influence of axial force to percentage of area reduction is complex.
It will also make rolling reduction Z reduce.
On the other hand, when the direction of transition from S1>S0 to S1=S0, the rolling reduction Z increases with the increasing of percentage of area reduction.
Because of much collected data, we choose the maximum rolling force in operating condition of each diameter to draw the curve in Fig.6.
Online since: October 2007
Authors: Alina Prună, V. Brânzoi, F. Brânzoi
From the data
provided corrosion currents were calculated.
The cell was connected to a potentiostat/galvanostat type Princeton Applied Research Model 173 provided with a computer interface for the data acquisition.
The data obtained from Fig. 3 and 4 confirm again the efficiency of all three organic inhibitors and their behavior previously discussed.
Conclusions Zinc corrosion in alkaline media is controlled by the cathodic reaction of water reduction.
One of the reduction products of this process is hydrogen gas and therefore, the ability to control the parasitic reaction of water reduction is dependent on the ability to reduce the cathodic reaction.
The cell was connected to a potentiostat/galvanostat type Princeton Applied Research Model 173 provided with a computer interface for the data acquisition.
The data obtained from Fig. 3 and 4 confirm again the efficiency of all three organic inhibitors and their behavior previously discussed.
Conclusions Zinc corrosion in alkaline media is controlled by the cathodic reaction of water reduction.
One of the reduction products of this process is hydrogen gas and therefore, the ability to control the parasitic reaction of water reduction is dependent on the ability to reduce the cathodic reaction.