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There was a 5 % reduction in the Nitrous Oxide (NO) emission with pWEO.
Heat release rate (HRR) and exhaust gas temperature showed considerable reduction with pWEO fuel operation.
The cylinder gas pressure was measured using a quartz (piezo-electric) transducer through data acquisition system.
Higher density of processed waste engine oil affects the fuel atomisation rate and hence the reduction in heat release rate when compared to diesel [6].
· There was a considerable reduction in HRR for operation with pWEO, it decreased from 65 J/degree for diesel to 40 J/degree for pWEO, which is about 40 % decrease.

Simulation results demonstrated that an improved channel estimation performance is obtained due to the reduction of signal space.
In order to coherently detect the transmitted data symbols, an OFDM receiver requires reliable estimation of the channel frequency response (CFR) for data subcarriers [1].
In a pilot-symbol-aided channel estimation system, pilot symbols can be inserted periodically into data stream in the frequency domain and channel estimation is performed by discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based technique, which is known as an effective method due to the fact that it provides similar performance as well as lower computational complexity compared to frequency domain linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) [2], [3].
For conventional DFT-based channel estimation method, the channel impulse response (CIR) of the mth OFDM symbol can be estimated through (6) and the estimates of CFRs are then given by (7) where is the lth path gain sample during the mth OFDM symbol and is an matrix with entries (8) is a DFT matrix retaining only the first G columns, namely (9) It should be noted that noise reduction may be performed on the fact that the channel impulse response has at most G paths, and thus all the other samples correspond to noise.
The main simulation parameters for an OFDM system with QPSK modulation are chosen as follows: the sampling frequency is 5MHz, the carrier frequency is 2.4GHz, the number of subcarriers N is 256, the cyclic prefix G takes the value of 32 and M = 32 pilot symbols are uniformly inserted into the data stream in the frequency domain.

The measured data were the amount of transmitted shortwave radiation, compared with a measurement point under unobstructed sunlight.
Default datasets are available for most of the data, separately for the different climate zones, tree sizes, etc.
Transmissivity was calculated from 10 minutes averages of irradiance data.
As described transmissivity data were obtained from field measurements, and were used for further modelling in order to give more general approach of the shading effect of alley trees.
Metrological data were taken from the meteorological station of Szeged (run by the Hungarian Meteorological Service) and imported to ECOTECT.

These models form the basis of a number of methods and schemes for the organization of data collection and calculation for different types of impacts of industrial purpose objects.
During the technical re-examination of the building structures the experimental data on the displacements at the nodal points of the frame appears as results.
Herewith, the data on the displacements at the nodal points of the calculation scheme of industrial object are starting materials for the in-situ measurements.
For further processing the data are arranged in chronological order.
The choice of the trend equation is defined by the highest value of the coefficient of determination indicating a high correlation between the fitting curve and the actual data.

Numerical results have been finally compared to experimental data to preliminary prove the effectiveness of the proposed degradation model.
In the next sections, the numerical application, including the specimens’ geometrical description, loading conditions and comparison between experimental data and numerical results, is introduced and properly commented.
In Figure 3b, the results of the numerical thermo-mechanical simulation are compared to experimental data.
The numerical results have been compared against experimental data from an ad-hoc performed experimental campaign.
The numerical model produces results comparable with experimental data up to a temperature of 500 K.

The above problems can be solved by analyzing the data in Table 2.
The curve of formula (1) is drawn in Figure 8, as well as the data of Table 2.
By contrasting the fitted curve with the original data, it can be seen that the fitting formula (1) is relatively accurate.
Figure 8 Comparison of the fitting curve with the raw data Summary Steel is more sensitive to temperature, and its properties have changed greatly under high temperature.
By comparing the formula curve and the raw data, the fitting formula is proved to have high precision.

Features of the deformation process by cold radial forging of tube billets from Zr-1%Nb alloy were reconstructed on the basis of X-ray texture data.
Processes of structure formation in Zr-based alloys under rolling and following heat treatments were studied thoroughly [1-2], whereas presented in the given paper data on structure and texture formation in tube billets under radial forging were obtained for the first time.
The following designations are used in the table: Dext – external diameter of tube billet, t – wall thickness, Dt/t – relative reduction by tube wall, DD/Dav – relative reduction by average tube diameter, Q – (Dt/t)/(DD/Dav).
As it is seen from obtained data, pressing with preheating at 590oC creates in the billet the similar texture as well (Fig. 2-A, 3-A).
This assertion responds to the reality under the following conditions, corresponding to the non-contradictory interpretation of obtained experimental data: (1) Radial forging is accompanied by more intense grain fragmentation, than other deformation modes.

The model was validated using experimental data received after carrying out of the 2-pass reversing hot strip rolling of magnesium alloy AZ31.
The problem formulation in the discretised shape can be given as [17]: D∂T∂t+KT+l=1nbsHlT=l=1nbsGl where K is the stiffness matrix, D is the mass matrix, F is the vector of the heat source and the matrices, Hl is corresponds to functions h and Gl to functions gl, both related with boundary conditions given by the data TΓ in the boundary integrals.
The applied rolling schedule for first two pass reduction is depicted in Table 1.
Moreover, a sufficient data base was obtained by running measurements.
The proposed approach provides valid temperature data for the further calculation of microstructure evolution during reversing hot rolling.

The AF, PF and a similar chemistry SC sample manufactured from a twin roll caster were cold rolled to 50, 70 and 90% reduction, and annealed for various times in the temperature range 580-680 °C.
Kinetics of Recrystallization: The effect of initial microstructure on the rate of recrystallization at 640°C after 70% cold rolling is given in Fig. 3a (other reductions and temperature show similar trends).
There are a number of factors influencing the rate of recrystallization, such as original grain size, deformation microstructure, solutes, degree of cold rolling reduction and annealing temperature [8].
(b) Cumulative frequency distribution confirming log-normality of the grain size data throughout recrystallization (AF - 70% cold rolled and annealed at 640°C).
Log-normality of grain size distribution data can be readily confirmed by the linearity of plot of cumulative frequency [12].

In recent years, studies had been carried out in the field like different site conditions[1-2], different coverage[3-5], hydraulic parameters and erosion process[3-4], and many achievements had been received in soil erosion processes and the vegetation’s reduction of runoff and sediment.
The simulation system generalized model According to the rainfall-runoff data for many years and the relevant research literature on Shenmu County [8], high frequency and high probability of rainfall intensity was 1.5~2 5mm/min, determined the scouring flows according to plot size and fills the runoff, scouring flows was identified as 9l/min and lasted for 40min by analyzed and calculated.
Analysis and statistics based on the experimental observation data, list a few parameters such as runoff time, sediment yield, runoff and infiltration rate
Runoff and sediment relations data points were shown in Fig.3, artificial grass slope and ecological-restoration slope which data points were located in the bottom side of the chart, but slope data point of the bare slope distributed the entire chart.
Both compared with the bare slope, reduction of sediment yield more than 98% and flow reduction about 50%, infiltration rate increased more than 114% on ecological-restoration slope; For artificial grass slope, sediment yield and runoff respectively reduction of 95% and 20%, increased of infiltration rate about 50%