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Online since: July 2014
Authors: Alfredo Reyes-Salazar, Eden Bojorquez, Achintya Haldar, Arturo Lopez-Barraza, J. Luz Rivera-Salas
Thus, the ductility and ductility reduction factors obtained from simplified structural representation must be taken with caution.
The effect of ductility is considered through the strength reduction factors (R).
They were obtained from the Data Sets of the National Strong Motion Program (NSMP) of the United States Geological Surveys (USGS).
Additional information on these earthquakes can be obtained from these data base.
The values of local reduction factors vary with the column location and with the particular type of local parameter.
The effect of ductility is considered through the strength reduction factors (R).
They were obtained from the Data Sets of the National Strong Motion Program (NSMP) of the United States Geological Surveys (USGS).
Additional information on these earthquakes can be obtained from these data base.
The values of local reduction factors vary with the column location and with the particular type of local parameter.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Jing Zhao Li, Gao Ming Yang, Shun Xiang Zhang
Introduction
Data mining is the process of extracting knowledge from large amounts of data.
Privacy Preserving Data Mining Architecture Privacy Preserving Data Mining Technologies There are many methods for privacy preserving data mining.
Moreover, DRBT may cause loss of accuracy due to dimensionality reduction in the original data.
Data Utility.
Zaiane, Privacy-preserving clustering by object similarity-based representation and dimensionality reduction transformation, Proc. of the Workshop on Privacy and Security Aspects of Data Mining (PSADM’04) in conjunction with the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM’04), 2004, 21-30
Privacy Preserving Data Mining Architecture Privacy Preserving Data Mining Technologies There are many methods for privacy preserving data mining.
Moreover, DRBT may cause loss of accuracy due to dimensionality reduction in the original data.
Data Utility.
Zaiane, Privacy-preserving clustering by object similarity-based representation and dimensionality reduction transformation, Proc. of the Workshop on Privacy and Security Aspects of Data Mining (PSADM’04) in conjunction with the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM’04), 2004, 21-30
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Kwon Soon Lee, Hyeon Seok Jang, Young Min Kim, Saehan Kim, Taeoh Lee
The noise inside KTX, or its pure tone, was outputted from SP, as shown in Fig. 4, and the input-output relation data was acquired using the noise and IO data acquisition equipment connected with microphones M0, M1, and M2.
Analyses shows that an average noise reduction index of 43.3 dB was obtained.
There was almost no difference between the average reduction index, but the 120Hz model was expected to show the biggest noise reduction in the open-space section.
The active-noise-control simulations that were performed yielded a total of 12 measured data, and only four noise data (130 cm; open-space section: window and aisle sides; tunnel section: window and aisle sides) were used in this research to characterize the low-frequency ( 120, 280, and 360 Hz) noise reduction index and to compare the noise reduction index in the open-space section with that in the tunnel section.
To summarize, the open-space section showed greater noise reduction than the tunnel section, and the 120Hz model showed the best reduction performance.
Analyses shows that an average noise reduction index of 43.3 dB was obtained.
There was almost no difference between the average reduction index, but the 120Hz model was expected to show the biggest noise reduction in the open-space section.
The active-noise-control simulations that were performed yielded a total of 12 measured data, and only four noise data (130 cm; open-space section: window and aisle sides; tunnel section: window and aisle sides) were used in this research to characterize the low-frequency ( 120, 280, and 360 Hz) noise reduction index and to compare the noise reduction index in the open-space section with that in the tunnel section.
To summarize, the open-space section showed greater noise reduction than the tunnel section, and the 120Hz model showed the best reduction performance.
Online since: October 2016
Authors: Danica Louise S. Bonga, Ma. Manna Farrel B. Pinto, Mary Fatima T. Tayad
Comprehensive treatment of environments containing infectious pathogens using disinfectant nanomaterials were proposed to prevent such outbreaks.[1]
Nanoparticles are defined as small particles with sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nm.[2] These nanomaterials are of great interests in the industry and academe due to their interesting and diverse properties which deviate from their bulk counterparts.[3] Metallic nanoparticles have size and shape-dependent properties for applications such as catalysis, optics, and data storage.
Another approach is through chemical reduction wherein the Ag NPS are produce by reduction of Ag ions to Ag(0).
XRD and EDS data shows peaks for Ag, confirming its presence in the montmorillonite.
“Nano-silver – A Review of Available Data and Knowledge Gaps in Human and Environmental Risk Assessment.”
“Preparation of Silver-Montmorillonite by Reduction with Formaldehyde and Borohydride.”
Another approach is through chemical reduction wherein the Ag NPS are produce by reduction of Ag ions to Ag(0).
XRD and EDS data shows peaks for Ag, confirming its presence in the montmorillonite.
“Nano-silver – A Review of Available Data and Knowledge Gaps in Human and Environmental Risk Assessment.”
“Preparation of Silver-Montmorillonite by Reduction with Formaldehyde and Borohydride.”
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Li Ping Wang, Sheng Wang, Shi Yong Zhang, Chun Yan Li, Min Tang
A System Dynamics-Based Scenario Analysis of CO2 Emission Peak and Emission Reduction Paths
- A Case Study of Chongqing’s Cement Industry
Sheng Wang1,a*Min Tang2,b Shiyong Zhang2,cChunyan Li1,d
Liping Wang2
1.
A comparison with historical data indicates a desirable goodness of fit of the simulation results, which show that the cement output in Chongqing will reach the peak of about 95 million tons in 2020, followed by a slow decrease to 90 million tons towards 2030; the energy consumption will reach a maximum of some 7.8 million tons of standard coal in 2020; the CO2 emission will reach about 76 million tons in 2020, followed by a drop to 60 million tons towards 2030, equivalent to the 2015 figures.
Based on the data, this paper analyzes the influence of different technical paths and policy options on emission in various developmentalscenarios, and proposes specific paths for mission reduction.
At the provincial level, Mao Ziwei (2010), Gao Cailing (2012), Feng Bingxun (2003) and other scholars examine the potential and measures of emission reduction in Shandong, Henan and Taiwan provinces[2].
Tong Hefeng (2012) and Wang Xianghua (2007) systematically examine the paths of carbon emission reduction in cement industry using the system dynamics-based simulation model.
A comparison with historical data indicates a desirable goodness of fit of the simulation results, which show that the cement output in Chongqing will reach the peak of about 95 million tons in 2020, followed by a slow decrease to 90 million tons towards 2030; the energy consumption will reach a maximum of some 7.8 million tons of standard coal in 2020; the CO2 emission will reach about 76 million tons in 2020, followed by a drop to 60 million tons towards 2030, equivalent to the 2015 figures.
Based on the data, this paper analyzes the influence of different technical paths and policy options on emission in various developmentalscenarios, and proposes specific paths for mission reduction.
At the provincial level, Mao Ziwei (2010), Gao Cailing (2012), Feng Bingxun (2003) and other scholars examine the potential and measures of emission reduction in Shandong, Henan and Taiwan provinces[2].
Tong Hefeng (2012) and Wang Xianghua (2007) systematically examine the paths of carbon emission reduction in cement industry using the system dynamics-based simulation model.
Online since: February 2007
Authors: Y. Xu, Hong Sun, Nan Huang
Bloodcompatibility Improvement of Titanium Oxide Film Modified by
Hydrogen Plasma Reduction
Y.
Ti/O ratio of Ti-O film from the XPS data vary with depth under different reduction temperature and time.
Hydrogen plasma reduction experimental parameters of Ti-O films are shown in Table 2.
It was believed that non-stoichiometric TiO2_x films were obtained by hydrogen plasma reduction.
It was apparent that reduced effect becomes stronger with the increasing of hydrogen reduction temperature and time.
Ti/O ratio of Ti-O film from the XPS data vary with depth under different reduction temperature and time.
Hydrogen plasma reduction experimental parameters of Ti-O films are shown in Table 2.
It was believed that non-stoichiometric TiO2_x films were obtained by hydrogen plasma reduction.
It was apparent that reduced effect becomes stronger with the increasing of hydrogen reduction temperature and time.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Rui Min Mu, Xue Liang Yuan, Li Wei Zhan, Jing Jing Jia
Table 2 Energy coefficients of different industrial sectors in 2010
Industrial Sectors
GDP (billion RMB)
Energy Consumptions (thousand tce)
Energy Coefficients (tce/million RMB)
CO2 emissions (million ton)
CO2 Coefficients (ton/million RMB)
Primary Industry
4053.36
64770
15.98
771.7
190.4
Secondary Industry
18758.14
2373280
127.75
6169.6
328.9
Tertiary Industry
17308.7
465760
26.91
1299.7
75.1
The latest official data showed that China’s CO2 emissions reached 8240.958million ton in 2010 [10].
With the data of energy consumption of the three industrial sectors and the total amount of CO2 emissions, the CO2 coefficients of the different industries are calculated (see Table 2 and Fig. 2).
Industrial restructuring contributes to 0.87% and 0.9% of CO2 emissions reduction in 2015 and 2020.
This indicates that energy efficiency improvement has more effects on the CO2 emissions reduction.
This target on CO2 emissions reduction is likely to be achieved in the optimal condition of scenario 4.
With the data of energy consumption of the three industrial sectors and the total amount of CO2 emissions, the CO2 coefficients of the different industries are calculated (see Table 2 and Fig. 2).
Industrial restructuring contributes to 0.87% and 0.9% of CO2 emissions reduction in 2015 and 2020.
This indicates that energy efficiency improvement has more effects on the CO2 emissions reduction.
This target on CO2 emissions reduction is likely to be achieved in the optimal condition of scenario 4.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Geng Wang
Of Nanjing,New & High (N&H)—Nanjing New & High-Tech Industry Development Zone,HuaGongYuan—Chemical industrial park(NCIP),DES-Direct environment supervision.
1.3.1 COD emissions and enterprise emissions, life emissions connection
According to the data table 1, The following correlation coefficients is obtained by using Data processing system(DPS):
r(Y0,X11)= 0.65236, r (Y0,X12)= 0.61206,r (Y1,X21)= 1.00006, r (Y1,X22)= 0.49057, r (Y2,X31)= 0.95374,r (Y2,X32)= 0.54285.
GM (1, 1) Model GM (1, 1) Model is 1 order equations 1 variables Grey Model, Hypothesis: n observation value of the original data set of the sequence is: .
Here the original series represent for Nanjing enterprise COD emissions and SO2 emissions respectively, data see table 7.
Table 7 Nanjing enterprise COD emissions and SO2 emissions Unit:Ten thousand tons index 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 COD 3.1 3.12 2.96 3.03 2.84 2.68 2.56 2.25 2.0213 SO2 12.65 14.16 14.44 14.91 14.56 13.95 13.76 13.4 11.55 Data sources: Nanjing Environmental Protection Agency,《Nanjing Environment Bulletin(2002-2010) 》 According to the data table 7, The following results is obtained by using Data processing system(DPS)(GM(1,1)model): 2.2.1.
[6] Data Information on http://www.njhb.gov.cn
GM (1, 1) Model GM (1, 1) Model is 1 order equations 1 variables Grey Model, Hypothesis: n observation value of the original data set of the sequence is: .
Here the original series represent for Nanjing enterprise COD emissions and SO2 emissions respectively, data see table 7.
Table 7 Nanjing enterprise COD emissions and SO2 emissions Unit:Ten thousand tons index 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 COD 3.1 3.12 2.96 3.03 2.84 2.68 2.56 2.25 2.0213 SO2 12.65 14.16 14.44 14.91 14.56 13.95 13.76 13.4 11.55 Data sources: Nanjing Environmental Protection Agency,《Nanjing Environment Bulletin(2002-2010) 》 According to the data table 7, The following results is obtained by using Data processing system(DPS)(GM(1,1)model): 2.2.1.
[6] Data Information on http://www.njhb.gov.cn
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Xing Huang, Zhi Qiang Huang, Zhen Chen, Rong Gai Zhu, Xue Yuan Li, Shuang Jing, Jing Wang
It showed that drag reduction technology with DRA would be the inexorable trend of drag reduction of the nature gas pipeline transportation.
The testing, collection and analysis of the field data were accomplished.
The drag reduction effect is obvious.
Drag Reduction in Gas Pipeline Coating Technology[M].
(In Chinese) [6] Reduction in Crude Oillines.
The testing, collection and analysis of the field data were accomplished.
The drag reduction effect is obvious.
Drag Reduction in Gas Pipeline Coating Technology[M].
(In Chinese) [6] Reduction in Crude Oillines.
Online since: March 2013
Authors: Henryk Dyja, Konrad Błażej Laber, Anna Kawałek, Marcin Knapiński, Marcin Kwapisz
Moreover, the following input data were taken for simulation: tool temperature, 60°C; ambient temperature, 20°C; friction coefficient, 0.3; friction factor, 0.7; the coefficient of heat exchange between the material and the tool, αnarz = 3000 [W/Km2]; and the coefficient of heat exchange between the material and the air, αpow = 100 [W/Km2].
Effect of the relative rolling reduction, ε, on the magnitude of the strip curvature, ρ, for different values of the asymmetry factor, av, and a constant strip shape factor value of h0/D = 0.035 It can be stated from the data in Figure 2 that for the 35 mm-thick strip (h0/D = 0.035), in the examined range of rolling reductions ε, a straight strip will be obtained for the following rolling reductions: ε≈0.18÷0.19 (at av=1.01÷1.03), ε≈0.21÷0.22 (at av=1.05÷1.08), ε≈0.25 (at av=1.15) and ε≈0.28 (at av=1.10).
The data shown in Fig. 6 indicate that straight strips, for h0/D = 0.016, on exit from the deformation zone can be obtained for a relatively wide range of rolling reductions and peripheral speed asymmetry factors: for ε≈0.25, at av=1.01÷1.03 and at av=1.08÷1.10, and nearly straight strips (with a very small curvature) for rolling reductions of ε≈0.30÷0.50, except for the cases, when ε≈0.30; at av=1.08÷1.10 and when ε≈0.50; at av=1.15.
It follows from the data in Figures 1 to 7 that the rolling process parameters examined significantly influence the magnitude of strip curvature and the direction of strip bending upon exit from the deformation zone, and the relationships between the process parameters examined and the strip curvature have a periodic character, as confirmed by the author’s previous results obtained from the investigation of the asymmetric sheet hot rolling process in the continuous Rolling Mill [7, 8].
It can be seen from the data shown in these figures that as the thickness of rolled strip decreases from 50 mm to 14 mm (h0/D = 0.05÷0.014), the magnitude of rolling reductions, for which a straight strip is obtained, changes.
Effect of the relative rolling reduction, ε, on the magnitude of the strip curvature, ρ, for different values of the asymmetry factor, av, and a constant strip shape factor value of h0/D = 0.035 It can be stated from the data in Figure 2 that for the 35 mm-thick strip (h0/D = 0.035), in the examined range of rolling reductions ε, a straight strip will be obtained for the following rolling reductions: ε≈0.18÷0.19 (at av=1.01÷1.03), ε≈0.21÷0.22 (at av=1.05÷1.08), ε≈0.25 (at av=1.15) and ε≈0.28 (at av=1.10).
The data shown in Fig. 6 indicate that straight strips, for h0/D = 0.016, on exit from the deformation zone can be obtained for a relatively wide range of rolling reductions and peripheral speed asymmetry factors: for ε≈0.25, at av=1.01÷1.03 and at av=1.08÷1.10, and nearly straight strips (with a very small curvature) for rolling reductions of ε≈0.30÷0.50, except for the cases, when ε≈0.30; at av=1.08÷1.10 and when ε≈0.50; at av=1.15.
It follows from the data in Figures 1 to 7 that the rolling process parameters examined significantly influence the magnitude of strip curvature and the direction of strip bending upon exit from the deformation zone, and the relationships between the process parameters examined and the strip curvature have a periodic character, as confirmed by the author’s previous results obtained from the investigation of the asymmetric sheet hot rolling process in the continuous Rolling Mill [7, 8].
It can be seen from the data shown in these figures that as the thickness of rolled strip decreases from 50 mm to 14 mm (h0/D = 0.05÷0.014), the magnitude of rolling reductions, for which a straight strip is obtained, changes.