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Online since: January 2015
Authors: Ya Juan Shi, Feng Tao Li
It can adaptively select wavelet transform of optimal decomposition level and soft threshold to achieve the optimal noise reduction effect.
The simulation data show (Tab.1) that the mean filter is better than the median filter of Gauss noise suppression, wavelet denoising is the best.
Tab.2 Comparison of different algorithms for salt & pepper noise filtering effect Filtering method Mean MSE PSNR Original Add 0.02 salt&pepper Template h1 Template h2 Template h3 Maximum filtering Minimum filtering Mean filtering Median filtering Wavelet filtering 241.1339 238.9114 238.0439 238.1883 237.8270 240.9521 233.9207 240.6734 239.6888 237.9824 13.3216 36.8852 27.2044 33.7844 17.0032 35.8255 16.8542 35.8637 17.9869 35.5813 22.1777 34.6716 40.4509 32.0615 26.6483 33.9876 22.7660 34.5579 24.8752 34.0963 The simulation data show (Tab.2) that median filter is the best for impulse noise suppression, and wavelet filtering effect is significantly better than the mean filter, close to the median filtering.
Simulation results show that the three de-noising method has certain noise reduction effect, but there are limitations.
The simulation data show (Tab.1) that the mean filter is better than the median filter of Gauss noise suppression, wavelet denoising is the best.
Tab.2 Comparison of different algorithms for salt & pepper noise filtering effect Filtering method Mean MSE PSNR Original Add 0.02 salt&pepper Template h1 Template h2 Template h3 Maximum filtering Minimum filtering Mean filtering Median filtering Wavelet filtering 241.1339 238.9114 238.0439 238.1883 237.8270 240.9521 233.9207 240.6734 239.6888 237.9824 13.3216 36.8852 27.2044 33.7844 17.0032 35.8255 16.8542 35.8637 17.9869 35.5813 22.1777 34.6716 40.4509 32.0615 26.6483 33.9876 22.7660 34.5579 24.8752 34.0963 The simulation data show (Tab.2) that median filter is the best for impulse noise suppression, and wavelet filtering effect is significantly better than the mean filter, close to the median filtering.
Simulation results show that the three de-noising method has certain noise reduction effect, but there are limitations.
Online since: June 2008
Authors: V. Murari, C.S. Upadhyay
The effect of microdamage
mechanisms is modeled through effective stiffness reduction at a macro point.
A world wide failure exercise was started in 1995 to compare the predictive capabilities of various failure theories with each other and with the experimental data.
The reductions in effective elastic properties (for example, E22) due to various types of damage with volume fraction as parameter were shown in figure 1(c).
The reduction in the effective elastic properties due to the increase in the size of damage (for example effects of fiber de-bond on E22) is shown in figure 1(d).
Therefore, the reduction in the elastic properties can be represented as the following
A world wide failure exercise was started in 1995 to compare the predictive capabilities of various failure theories with each other and with the experimental data.
The reductions in effective elastic properties (for example, E22) due to various types of damage with volume fraction as parameter were shown in figure 1(c).
The reduction in the effective elastic properties due to the increase in the size of damage (for example effects of fiber de-bond on E22) is shown in figure 1(d).
Therefore, the reduction in the elastic properties can be represented as the following
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Jong Rong Wang, Jui En Chang, Yung Shin Tseng, Wei Keng Lin
In addition, the axial power distributions of the rod were also defined file by the user very easy, the results shown no obviously temperature difference between the full gap and 90% reduction of the gap.
The solid line is the KC distribution with 90% decreasing of the gap and the dotted line is KC distribution with the gap without any reduction.
By plugging this KC value into DSS program, all the gaps data between the different components are obtained in the fuel bundles.
Table 1 shows the simulation result for the comparison of the temperature between full gap and 90% gap reduction.
Comparison of the temperature between full gap and 90% gap reduction Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by National Science Council of Taiwan under the grant number NSC NSC 101-2623-E-007 -008 -NU Reference [1] U.S.
The solid line is the KC distribution with 90% decreasing of the gap and the dotted line is KC distribution with the gap without any reduction.
By plugging this KC value into DSS program, all the gaps data between the different components are obtained in the fuel bundles.
Table 1 shows the simulation result for the comparison of the temperature between full gap and 90% gap reduction.
Comparison of the temperature between full gap and 90% gap reduction Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by National Science Council of Taiwan under the grant number NSC NSC 101-2623-E-007 -008 -NU Reference [1] U.S.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Rui Bin Mei, Guang Xia Qi, Na Cao
The calculated results of microstructure have a good agreement with the measured value from experimental data and the prediction error is less than 7.0%.
The linear regression curve is shown in Fig.2 and then the equals to 0.096 and equals to 350.852 (kJ/mol) based on the data.
The degree of recrystallization in the blade rabbet and body are 9 and 12-13, respectively, according to the experimental data.
The calculated results are in a good agreement with the experimental data.
The grain degrees in the blade rabbet and damper platform changes from 9 to 10 but the value in the blade body is over 12 according to the experimental data.
The linear regression curve is shown in Fig.2 and then the equals to 0.096 and equals to 350.852 (kJ/mol) based on the data.
The degree of recrystallization in the blade rabbet and body are 9 and 12-13, respectively, according to the experimental data.
The calculated results are in a good agreement with the experimental data.
The grain degrees in the blade rabbet and damper platform changes from 9 to 10 but the value in the blade body is over 12 according to the experimental data.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Qiang Li, Peng Jun Zhang, Hui Yuan Wang, Yu Cheng Bo
Determine the direction of primary and secondary changes in the status according to the variance of the data changes size.
Establishment a data matrix which each column corresponds to a variable and each row corresponds to a sample.
The way of data processing is: First, center processing the data, then normalized the variance of each variable so that each variable have equally weighted
Using statistical methods to establish the statistics to carry out hypothesis testing and judge whether the process data is departure.
PCA algorithm is able to reduce the dimension of the date according to the correlation analysis of test data.
Establishment a data matrix which each column corresponds to a variable and each row corresponds to a sample.
The way of data processing is: First, center processing the data, then normalized the variance of each variable so that each variable have equally weighted
Using statistical methods to establish the statistics to carry out hypothesis testing and judge whether the process data is departure.
PCA algorithm is able to reduce the dimension of the date according to the correlation analysis of test data.
Online since: August 2012
Authors: Dao Jing Wang, Xing Hua Liu, Fu Shui Liu
The cylinder pressure data were measured by a Kistler 6117BFD17 pressure sensor with a measurement band of 0~200 bar and the measurement accuracy 0.6% FS.
The crank angle data were measured by a Kistler 2613B optical encoder with the resolution 0.1 °CA and the measurement deviation less than 0.01 °CA.
In this paper, the EGR ratio was defined as the reduction of the air flow.
NOx emission reduction in a hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine at 3000 rpm using exhaust gas recirculation[J].
NOx emission and performance data for a hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine at 1500 rpm using exhaust gas recirculation[J] Int.J.Hydrogen Energy,2003,28:901~908
The crank angle data were measured by a Kistler 2613B optical encoder with the resolution 0.1 °CA and the measurement deviation less than 0.01 °CA.
In this paper, the EGR ratio was defined as the reduction of the air flow.
NOx emission reduction in a hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine at 3000 rpm using exhaust gas recirculation[J].
NOx emission and performance data for a hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine at 1500 rpm using exhaust gas recirculation[J] Int.J.Hydrogen Energy,2003,28:901~908
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Rui Liu, Xiang Bin Zhai, Veronica Chua
However, if we want to reduce carbon emissions from TPP, then it’s necessary to compute the carbon emissions before and after installing the carbon emissions reduction device in order to compare the benefits and cost during the reduction process.
In the third method for energy, either detailed emission models or measurements of data at individual plant level are used where appropriate.
The theory of practical measurement mode is the measurement of the density of gaseous pollutant and the amount of pollutants from thermal power plants, at the same time the emission duration.EEA use the eq.2 to calculate total pollutant amount from measurement data
However, as each power plant has different emission factor, it means all of thermal power plants need established their own emission factor data base by following the technology progress and equipment replacement to revise their emission factor.
,Xiujun,Tian.and Rui,Chen.Analysis on Carbon Dioxide Emission and Reduction of Thermal Power Plant.
In the third method for energy, either detailed emission models or measurements of data at individual plant level are used where appropriate.
The theory of practical measurement mode is the measurement of the density of gaseous pollutant and the amount of pollutants from thermal power plants, at the same time the emission duration.EEA use the eq.2 to calculate total pollutant amount from measurement data
However, as each power plant has different emission factor, it means all of thermal power plants need established their own emission factor data base by following the technology progress and equipment replacement to revise their emission factor.
,Xiujun,Tian.and Rui,Chen.Analysis on Carbon Dioxide Emission and Reduction of Thermal Power Plant.
Online since: October 2015
Authors: Andrea Teixeira Charbel, Bernardo Damázio Trinchero, Viviane Santos Birchal, Diego Dornas Morais, Henrique Mesquita
For drying by microwave with power of 900W, the average time required for the total reduction in moisture was 8.5min.
The drying Page model was adjusted by non-linear regression to data obtained with correlation coefficients in all cases greater than 0.955.
MR=X-XeX0-Xe=exp(-ktn) (1) Non-linear regression analysis for the determination of the parameters k and n of Eq.(1) from data obtained with the drying at oven and microwave tests were performed with the aid of Polymath6.0 software.
Data show power consumption values on average 51% lower when the drying process is promoted by microwave.
Page model was adequate to fit the experimental data for both processes.
The drying Page model was adjusted by non-linear regression to data obtained with correlation coefficients in all cases greater than 0.955.
MR=X-XeX0-Xe=exp(-ktn) (1) Non-linear regression analysis for the determination of the parameters k and n of Eq.(1) from data obtained with the drying at oven and microwave tests were performed with the aid of Polymath6.0 software.
Data show power consumption values on average 51% lower when the drying process is promoted by microwave.
Page model was adequate to fit the experimental data for both processes.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Wen Qing Xu, Ting Yu Zhu, Feng Qi, Tie Bing Xu, Zhen Wang, Yin Jiao Li
In order to calculate the amount of CO2 emissions from the iron and steel making in China, carbon flows in two iron and steel enterprises were investigated with Material Flow Analysis, through the production data and sampling of materials from each enterprise in this paper.
Research on data of dust, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emited from iron and steel industry in China is comprehensive and systematic.
However, research on data of CO2 emissions from iron and steel industry in China is less.
CO2 emissions from coal reduction extreme system (COREX) have been compared with blast furnace iron making system and COREX was found to contribute little to CO2 emission reduction, which is 1212.3 and 1222.7kg per ton crude steel, respectively [2].
CO2 emissions per ton crude steel from BF-BOF steelmaking are much more than that of EAF steelmaking, because it needs to consume large amounts of energy in the reduction reaction from iron oxide to iron.
Research on data of dust, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emited from iron and steel industry in China is comprehensive and systematic.
However, research on data of CO2 emissions from iron and steel industry in China is less.
CO2 emissions from coal reduction extreme system (COREX) have been compared with blast furnace iron making system and COREX was found to contribute little to CO2 emission reduction, which is 1212.3 and 1222.7kg per ton crude steel, respectively [2].
CO2 emissions per ton crude steel from BF-BOF steelmaking are much more than that of EAF steelmaking, because it needs to consume large amounts of energy in the reduction reaction from iron oxide to iron.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Wang Qiang Xiao, Dong Ping Duan, He Chuan Bian, Le Deng, Wei Li
Meanwhile, it has some additional effects, such as cost reduction, energy conservation and emission reduction.
To effectively reduce the harms caused by the mechanical vibration and the noises in the operation of mechanical equipment so as to realize green production, it is quite necessary to make research on the vibration attenuation and noise reduction of heavy-duty machine tool based on non-obstructive particle damping (NOPD).
Thereinto, after the acceleration transducer inputs the signal collected by the signal collector into the charge amplifier, it imports the data into the computer to carry out data acquisition and record as well as waveform display and record.
To effectively reduce the harms caused by the mechanical vibration and the noises in the operation of mechanical equipment so as to realize green production, it is quite necessary to make research on the vibration attenuation and noise reduction of heavy-duty machine tool based on non-obstructive particle damping (NOPD).
Thereinto, after the acceleration transducer inputs the signal collected by the signal collector into the charge amplifier, it imports the data into the computer to carry out data acquisition and record as well as waveform display and record.