Search results

As the step free energy decreases with the reduction of PO2, it was possible to observe the change in growth behavior with the reduction of the step free energy.
These changes in growth behavior with PO2 and the step free energy reduction are explained in terms of the change in the critical driving force for appreciable growth relative to the maximum driving force for grain growth.
The plot in Fig. 7 of the cube of average grain size vs. sintering time confirms that the data follows the cubic law of diffusion-controlled grain growth.
Conclusion With a reduction in step free energy in BaTiO3-10SiO2 (mole %), which was achieved by reducing oxygen partial pressure from 0.2 atm to 10 -24 atm, the growth behavior of BaTiO3 grains in liquid SiO2 changed from stagnant, abnormal to normal.

The data were obtained from the EBSP map shown in Fig.2.
Calculated from EBSP data.
The black points indicate the removed data, where confidence index (CI) in the EBSP measurement was lower than 0.1.
The data were averaged from all the EBSP maps measured throughout thickness.
Figure 4 shows the misorientation distribution obtained from the EBSP data shown in Fig.2.

Obtained data are evaluated by GOM Argus system.
The method and direction of illumination of the sample shows a great influence on the imaged data.
The data obtained from the research described above in this paper, suggests, that N1 (40/3), N2 (40/5), N3 (40/7), N4 (40/10), LA50/10, LA60/10 are the best variation of laser settings for deformation evaluation as these settings produce the best possible machine-readable pattern.
[6]  Product data sheet: MD-X1520C [online].
Material safety data sheet: Electrolyte E1.

Substitute oxygen reduction reaction for hydrogen evolution reaction can reduce energy consumption, avoid acid mist, improve working environment, as well as reduce hidden danger.
The reason is the difference of equilibrium electrode potential between hydrogen evolution reaction (2H++2e-→H2↑, E2=0V) and oxygen reduction reaction (O2+4H++4e=2H2O, E2=+1.229V).
Based on the data obtained, a cell voltage of 1.2 V and a current efficiency of 95% are found to be optimal for the cell reaction.
Therefore, there is an optimum temperature of oxygen reduction reaction of GDE, which has the best electro-catalytic activity at 80°C in this electrolytic system.
Pyun, Effect of annealing temperature on mixed proton transport and charge transfer-controlled oxygen reduction in gas diffusion electrode, Electrochim.

The XRD pattern of deep reduction slag and these samples are shown in Fig.2.
Fig.2 XRD of the deep reduction slag and reduction samples The SEM of deep reduction slag is shown in Fig.3 and the main phase and their content are shown in Table 4 and the SEM EDS analysis analysis of the slag are shown in Table 5.
Table 5 SEM/EDS analysis analysis result of the deep reduction slag/% N0.
It is necessary for SiC generation to use special furnace by multi-stage reduction reaction.
Thermodynamic Data Notebook of Inorganics[M].Shenyang: Northeast University Press, 1993：449- 479 [8]Pangfusheng,Tang Aitao,Li Kui.Carbon nitrided titanium and composite materials reaction synthesis[M].Chongqing:Chongqing university press.2005 [9]Fang Min xian,Peng Jinhui,Chen Housheng,Chen Deming.A Thermodynamics-Based Analysis of Making Titanium Carbonitride Though Carbon Thermal Reduction[J].Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Science and Technology).2006,31(6):6-12 [10]Li Xikun,Xiu zhimeng,Sun Xundong,Zheng Longxi.Synthesis of titanium carbonitride powders[J].Power Metallurgy industry,2004,14(1)：18-21

Materials and mechanical properties of SLM manufactured 17-4 PH steel parts have been investigated by many researchers [6, 7] but there is a need of obtaining reliable low-temperature toughness data for these materials.
These values are quite inferior to the reductions observed for wrought steels like the data presented in a recent investigation by Chen et al [11] during a series of impact tests conducted on S30403 (similar to AISI 304) austenitic stainless steel at 20, -196 and -269°C.
Microhardness data of the Charpy impact tested 17-4 PH stainless steel samples The microhardness values indicate that the material was able to retain its strength after fracture, thus illustrating the integrity and strength of SLM generated structure.
The general tendency observed at all the temperatures is a slight reduction of hardness in the vicinity of fractured region.
The value of impact strength was inferior to the wrought alloys and followed the trend of losing toughness with reduction of temperatures.

R&D and manufacturing efforts continue to address issues of scale-up of wafer size, improvements in wafer shape and surface characteristics, reduction of background impurities in bulk crystals, controlled uniformity of electrical properties, and reduction and control of crystalline defects.
Significant improvement in bulk crystal purity has been achieved with reduction of impurity concentrations below 5 x 10 15cm-3.
*Spline fits to data are shown 10 100 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 200 5 50 20 Average Micropipe Density cm-2 Year 35mm 2-inch 3-inch 100 mm 2003 = R&D Best Results Curves <--> Production Data Fig. 2.
Curves correspond to production data.
Current efforts to control nitrogen in seeded sublimation growth have culminated in dramatic reductions of incorporated nitrogen.

Using engineering finite element analysis software ANSYS establish project model and calculation to analysis the isolation performance of sliding isolated structure data of theory.
EL-Centro wave The data of seismic loads is read into the definition of acceleration ANSYS incentive array as the input file before dynamic analysis.
Column shear of non-isolation structure and the isolation structure It can be seen from Figure 3 that the column foot shear of non-isolated structure is up to 8.8106Pa, and isolated structure is 4.0106Pa.The reduction of isolated structures compared with non-isolated structure is 54.5%.
Figure 4 shows that the beam combined stress value of non-isolated structure is up to 1.18105Pa, and isolated structures is 2.50105Pa, the reduction is 78.8% .
The reduction of the magnitude of the earthquake response is between 23.1% and 78.8%, the reduction of first-order frequency is 64.7%, which can carry away from the main earthquake frequency band.

Hybridization of fibers is one of the widely used approaches to achieve this target and to enhance mechanical properties with a reduction in cost [1, 2].
Each case was repeated three times and the data is averaged.
H3, H6, H5 and H2) had the lowest reduction of strength among all samples and thus better damage tolerance.
Table 3 shows the reduction percentage in the residual compressive strength between non-impacted and impacted pipe samples.
Specifically, specimens that gave higher reduction percentage in the compressive loading suffer from extreme damage failure modes (i.e.

Superparamagnetic core/shell nanoparticles have been prepared successfully by the reduction of Au3+ onto the surface of superparamagnetic nanoparticles.
Here, we report a facile synthetic process of superparamagnetic Au shell nanoparticles by the reduction of Au3+ onto the surfaces of seed particles which 2nm THPC-Au nanoparticles attached onto superparamagnetic nanoparticles coated by (3-Aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMS).
A typical synthesis of superparamagnetic Au shell nanoparticles was carried out as follows: the former seed particles acted as the nucleation sites for the reduction of Au ions using formaldehyde solution as the reducing agent from solution onto the superparamagnetic surface until Au nanoshells were formed[12].
In Fig. 2(a), all the peaks were matched well with the standard JCPDS data of Fe3O4 (JCPDS file, No. 01-082-1533).
Conclusions Superparamagnetic Au-shell nanocomposite particles were synthesized via assembling 2nm Au nanoparticles on the superparamagnetic which actually leads to the growth of gold nanoshells by catalyzed reduction of HAuCl4 with weak reducing agent, as a means to modulate their optical response.