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The powder characteristics of the metal powder are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 : Stainless steel (316L) powder characteristics.
References [1] Bockhorn II, Hornung A. & Hornung, U. 1998.
Technol., vol. 137, no. 1–3, pp. 70–73, Jun. 2003
Lourdin, “Powder injection moulding PIM of feedstock based on hydrosoluble binder and submicronic powder to manufacture parts having micro-details,” Powder Technol., vol. 208, no. 2, pp. 472–479, 2011.

With the advantages of good decoration, easy to use, high efficiency, low energy cost and environment protection, it is becoming today's most popular spraying method [1].
In order to simplify the model, a circular distribution in the surface of the work-piece is assumed in the study [6], as shown in Figure 1.
The meaning of each parameter shown in the figure is given in Table 1.
References [1] Wang Xi-chun, The Latest Automotive Finishing Technology, Beijing: China Machinery Industry Press, 1999(in Chinese)
Journal of Robotic Systems, 2000,17(9), 479~494

The estimated average crystalline sizes for the FCN alloy microfibers with various CA/M ratios are 48.6 (CA:M=2:1), 38.3 (CA:M=1.2:1), 30.7 (CA:M=1:1) and 27.8 nm (CA: M=0.8:1), respectively.
Fig. 1 XRD patterns of FCN alloy microfibers with various CA/M ratios: (a) CA:M=2:1, (b) CA:M=1.2:1, (c) CA:M=1:1, (d) CA: M=0.8:1 Morphology observation.
Fig. 2(f) shows the EDX spectrum of the obtained microfibers with the molar ratio of CA:M=1:1.
Fig. 2 SEM morphologies of precursor microfiber (a) and FCN alloy microfibers with various CA/M ratios: (b) CA:M=2:1，(c) CA:M=1.2:1，(d) CA:M=1:1, (e) CA: M=0.8:1, and EDX analysis for the FCN alloy microfibers with CA:M=1:1 (f) From Fig.3, it can be seen that the first maximum sound absorption coefficient occurs at high frequencies above 3300 Hz for the 15 mm thick sample without air gap, and it moves towards low frequencies at about 1500 Hz and 1100 Hz if the sample is backed by an air gap of 20 mm and 40 mm, respectively.
Forum Vol.475-479(2005), p.2687

,T (i) Initialize: r0(t)=x(t)，i=1； (ii) Extract the i-th IMF: a) Initialize: h0(t)=ri-1(t)，j=1; b) Extract the local minima and maxima of hj-1(t); c) Interpolate the local maxima and the local minima by a cubic spline to form upper and lower envelopes of hj-1(t); d) Calculate the mean mj-1(t) of the upper and lower envelopes; e) hj(t)= hj-1(t)-mj-1(t) f) if stopping criterion is satisfied, then set imfi(t)= hj(t), else go to b) with j= j+1.
Fig.3 The marginal spectrums of the two acoustic signals shown in Fig.1.
(1) The center frequencies and spectrum amplitudes of imf3~imf4 are basically similar, the feature differences between the acoustic signals shown in Fig.1 mainly reflected by imf1 and imf2
Fig.6 The instantaneous energy spectrums of the two signals shown in Fig.1.
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing. 39, 471-479(2001)

The weight loss of elements before and after treated also shown in Table 1.
Table 1: Weight percentage of element before and after calcium treatment.
References [1] A.M.M.
Res. 15, (2014) pp.474-479
In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 1784, No. 1, p. 040033).

Kim 1,a , Y.
Son 1,b , J.
Yun 1,c, J.
Lee 1,d 1 Hanjin Heavy Industries & Construction CO., LTD., 22-1, 4-Ga, Jungang-dong, Jung-gu, Busan, 600-814, Korea a bulkkot@hanjinsc.com , dwilson@hanjinsc.com, cjoyun@hanjinsc.com, dleejs@hanjinsc.com Keywords: Residual stress, Stress relief, Vibratory conditioning, Micro structure Abstract.
Forum Vol. 475-479 (2005), p. 3307 [2] A.S.M.Y.

Wuhrer 1, N.G.
Booth 1 , W.Y.
Yeung 1 , Q.
Table 1.
Yeung, Materials Science Forum: 479 (2005) p.3501

Table 1.
When α = 1, Eq.(12) is the same as that predicted by the Richards equation (Pachepsky, et al., 2003).
References [1] D.A.
Revielle, Fractional calculus in hydrologic modeling: A numerical perspective, Advances in Water Resources, 51(2013)479-497
Physics 1(1931) 318–333

Fig.1 SEM micrograph and element distribution analyzed by EDX of the weld zone of the joint manufactured under the optimized conditions (a) (b) (c) Fig.2 Sketch map to show the positions for XRD analysis 15 30 45 60 75 90 0 150 300 450 600 750 1 Ni2Si 2 SiC 12 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 11 1 Intensity/cps 2theta/deg. 15 30 45 60 75 90 0 40 80 120 160 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 Ni2Si 2 Cr23C6 Intensity/cps 2theta/deg.
Conclusions 1.
References [1] B.
Forum Vol. 475-479(II) (2005), p.1267
Vol.25, [1] (2004), p.21.

The factor level of orthogonal experiment was given in Table 1.
So the sample after welding should be cut across the dashed line in Fig. 1.
Table 2 The range analysis of orthogonal experiment Test number Current [A] Frequency [Hz] Pulse [ms] Tensile strength [MPa] 1 1(I1) 1(f1) 1(W1) 162 2 1(I1) 2(f2) 2(W2) 536 3 1(I1) 3(f3) 3(W3) 771 4 2(I2) 1(f1) 2(W2) 521 5 2(I2) 2(f2) 3(W3) 828 6 2(I2) 3(f3) 1(W1) 418 7 3(I3) 1(f1) 3(W3) 672 8 3(I3) 2(f2) 1(W1) 474 9 3(I3) 3(f3) 2(W2) 578 1469 1355 1054 1767 1838 1635 1724 1767 2271 490 452 351 589 613 545 575 589 757 R 99 161 406 Fig. 2 Surface morphology of Fe-Mn-Si alloy Compared with it, the cross-section morphology welding seam of 3#, 5#, 7#, and 9# has characteristics of big weld width, deep weld penetration and good formation of internal seam.
References [1] A.
Okada: Materials Science Forum, Vol. 475-479(2005), pp. 2063-2066