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The FTIR spectra confirmed the formation of Al-doped ZnO film.
The doping of Al onto ZnO is preferred, as Al is cheap, comparative ionic radii with zinc and also enhances the optical and electrical properties of ZnO.
El-Zahad et al. [22] have reported the decrease in the optical band gap due to increase in the crystallite/grain size.
El-Zahad, A.
El-Karashy, M.

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Nescoromniy1,a, E.L.
Welding joint zone, Al + Al × 100 Development of the equipment with inductors.
[3] Nescoromniy S.V., Ageev S.O., Rogozin D.V., Strizhakov E.L.
[7] Strizhakov E.L.
Influence of a preliminary static load on process elastic – magnetic – impulse stamping / E.L.

This widely used method requires numerical procedures for its evaluation, as do the finite difference solutions of Shuja et al. [6].
Electrodes used in research Electrode Chemical composition [%] C Si Mn Cr Ni Mo W P V El CrMn2 0.5-0.7 0.2-0.3 1.5-2.2 10-12 El CrW2 0.4-0.6 0.8-1.3 1.5-2.2 0.8-1.2 2.3-3.0 ElCrW8Co 0.3-0.4 0.8-1.3 0.8-1.5 1.3-2.0 7.0-9.0 E 3161 0.10 0.9 0.5-2.5 17-20 11-14 0.04 El 62 H 0.7-1 0.8-1.6 0.3-0.6 3.5 - 5 2.5-9.5 2-3 1.5-2.5 E 48 T 0.7-1 0.8 0.3 3.5 2.5 2-3 1.5 E 6-60 0.8 0.4 0.5 2.8 2.2 3 1.2 KD 31 0.7 1.6 0.6 5 6.2 2.3 2.5 Experimental research Laser heat treatment was applied on eight types of welding coating layers, presented in table 1.
Intensity of laser beam and sample notation Intensity of laser beam [W] 1400 1500 1600 1700 1875 2150 2425 2600 2700 Electrodes type El CrMn2 [0-1] [0-2] [0-3] [0-4] [0-5] [0-6] [0-7] [0-8] [0-9] El CrW2 [1-1] [1-2] [1-3] [1-4] [1-5] [1-6] [1-7] [1-8] [1-9] ElCrW8Co [2-1] [2-2] [2-3] [2-4] [2-5] [2-6] [2-7] [2-8] [2-9] E 3161 [E-1] [E-2] [E-3] [E-4] [E-5] [E-6] [E-7] [E-8] [E-9] El 62 H [K-1] [K-2] [K-3] [K-4] [K-5] [K-6] [K-7] [K-8] [K-9] E 48 T [N-1] [N-2] [N-3] [N-4] [N-5] [N-6] [N-7] [N-8] [N-9] E 6-60 [V-1] [V-2] [V-3] [V-4] [V-5] [V-6] [V-7] [V-8] [V-9] KD 31 [00-1] [00-2] [00-3] [00-4] [00-5] [00-6] [00-7] [00-8] [00-9] The results were evaluated with PMT 3 micro-hardness tester, electronically microscope Nova Nano SEM and chemical analyzer EDAX Orbis Micro-XRF.
Cross area Coating layer a) Metal coating with ElCrW2 + Laser heat treatment 1700 W Coating layer Coating layer b) Metal coating with ElCrW2 + Laser heat treatment 2700 W Cross area Coating layer c) Metal coating with ElCrW8Co + Laser heat treatment 2425 W Cross area Coating layer d) Metal coating with El 62 H + Laser heat treatment 1400 W Coating layer Coating layer e) Metal coating with El62H + Laser heat treatment 2150 W Fig. 1.
a) Metal coating with El CrW2 b) Metal coating with ElCrW8Co c) Metal coating with El 62 H d) Metal coating with El CrMn2 e) Metal coating with E 3161 f) Metal coating with E 48 T Fig. 2.

The nodularization treatment was conducted at about 1500oC by adding 1.3% of an Mg-FeSi alloy containing minor amounts of RE, Ca and Al using the sandwich method.
The inoculant employed is a proprietary Fe-Si alloy that contains Ba, Ca and Al.
[MPa] El. [%] Spec.
[MPa] El. [%] BHN I-40 oC [J] Nodu. [%] N.C.
T.S.≧700 MPa Y.S.≧400 MPa El.≧2 % 700 MPa 2% 400 MPa Fig. 5.

Recently, the enhanced hybrid mean value (HMV+) method is proposed by Youn et al [4], to improve numerical stability and efficiency in the Most Probable Point (MPP) search.
In the paper of Kharmanda et al. [5], we had demonstrated that the HM reduced the computational time almost 80% relative to the classical RBDO approach.
El Hami, Reliability analysis of the metal forming process.
El Hami: Recent Methodologies for Reliability Based Design Optimization, Journal of Simulation Multidisciplinary Design Optimization, 2008
El Hami : A robust study of reliability-based optimization methods under eigen-frequency, Comput.

Co-axial electrospinning The spinning solutions of EL 100 were prepared by dissolving 17 g EL100 in 100 mL ethanol.
The core and sheath fluids are 17% w/v EL 100 in ethanol and pure DMAc with flow rates of 1.0 ml/h and 0.2 ml/h, respectively.
SEM images of EL 100 nanofibers prepared using the modified coaxial electrospinning (a) and the traditional single fluid electrospinning (b).
Thus the modified process could produce EL 100 nanofibers with more uniform diameter distributions and smoother surafce.
Vol. 48(2008), p.353 [18] A.L.

Finally the device was provided with a back electrode made of Al, a transparent top electrode made of indium tin oxide (ITO) and a final passivation layer which is only needed if the device is designed to be exposed to a wet ambient.
The spectra are normalized with respect to the EL peak at 541 nm and exhibit the same EL lines as in Fig. 9, whereby the blue EL lines are quenched with increasing Tb concentration.
Tb concentration dependence of the relative EL intensity of the blue and green EL (a), their intensity ratio (b) and their EL decay time (c).
The quenching of the blue EL is quantified in Fig. 11a showing the EL intensity of the brightest green EL line ( 5D4→7F5) at 541 nm and blue ( 5D3→ 7F5) EL line at 413 nm as a function of the Tb concentration.
Tb annealing temperature dependence of the relative EL intensity of the blue and green EL (a), their intensity ratio (b) and their EL decay time (c).

Mitsumoto et al. [3] describe a stereo method for obtaining a stereo image by imaging an object and its mirror reflection with a planar mirror.
Inaba et al. [4] propose a system using four planar mirrors (Fig. 1(c)), but its view becomes small.
(b) The result of reconstruction of the chess corners In order to estimate the accuracy of the reconstruction result, we caculated the errors of size in length and width direction, and the distances every reconstructed corners to their fitted plane, denoted as EL, EW, DP, separately.
The average and variance of EL, EW, DP then be obtained, as shown in Table 1.
We used AEL, AEW, ADP to represent average of EL, EW, DP, respectively.

Abou-El-Hosseinb* Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa as8502536@live.nmmu.ac.za bkhaled.abou-el-hossein@nmmu.ac.za Keywords: Rapidly solidified aluminium, optical aluminium, scanning electron microscopy, diamond tool wear, machining of aluminium, ultra-high precision machining, surface roughness.
Gubbels et al. [3] argued that in order to increase production yield it is important to minimize cycle time, decrease production steps and increase the mould tool life.
In another study by Shi et al. [5], they deduced that some materials have proven to be difficult if not impossible to machine with good surface finish using a diamond tool.
Zare Chavoshi, Tool flank wear prediction in CNC turning of 7075 AL alloy SiC composite, Prod.Eng.
Abou-El-Hossein, O.