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According to mechanics of materials, the three principal stresses of the isotropic material in the plane stress state are formulated as (6) Substituting equation (6) into equation (4), we have (7) This is the formulation of Mises stress of plane stress state.
Leng: Smart Materials and Structures.Vol. 18 (2009), p. 095016 [2] B.
Yoon: Key Engineering Materials Vols. 324-325 (2006), p. 335 [3] L.C.
Brinson: Journal of Intelligent Material System and Structures Vol. 4 (1993), p. 229 [4] Q.F.
Zou: Science in China Series G: Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, Vol. 52 (2009), p. 1382

The zirconia (ZrO2) ceramics stabilized with yttria (Y2O3), known as Y-TZP, present unique properties between the ceramics materials and their use has been diffused in dentistry [4].
When these materials are used in dental prosthesis components, they increase the useful life and the reliability of the devices [8, 9].
[8] K.J., Anusavice: Phillips' Science of Dental Materials, 11th Edition, 832p, Elsevier, 2003 UK
Guo: Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids Vol. 60 (1999), p. 539
Ban: Japanese Dental Science Review Vol. 44 (2008), p. 3

Through these experiments, it is found that the fretting fatigue strength decreased about 40~70% compared to the plain fatigue strength in two materials.
The objective of this study is to collect evaluation materials for the damage that occurred due to the experimental fretting fatigue in the material used in tubes for a steam generator in an atomic power plant.
Materials and Experimental Procedure Table 1 and 2 present the results of chemical composition and tension tests of the INCONEL 600 and 690 used in this study.
Suresh: Fatigue of materials (1991) [2] M.H.
Journal, Vol.

Pianezzi and others worked in Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology investigated the role of K on CIGS layers on polyimide during selected time intervals of the CIGS growth, and the CIGS thin film solar cells on polyimide was reached an highest efficiency of 20.4% [26,27].
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 43:93-98(1996) [5]A.N.Tiwari, M.Krejci, F.
Journal of Functional Materials, 2013,14:1990-1994.
Materials Reviews, 2011,10:54-58.
Materials Science and Engineering 2013,6:473-478.

Research on Biological Materials with Optimization of Spray Drying Walnut Antioxidant Polypeptide Using Response Surface Methodology Ma Yan1, Wu Shuai2, Guan Chuyu2, Huang Guohui*3 1 Center of Experimental Teaching , Shenyang Normal College, Shenyang 110034, PR China 2 College of Food, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110086, PR China 3 College of Agronomy, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong 118003, PR China Key words: walnut polypeptide, spray drying, collection rate, DPPH scavenging activity Abstract: Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the spray drying process for walnut polypeptide, which were hydrolyzed by papain and trypsin.
The principle of spray drying is dispersing raw material liquid into droplets through the atomization and making direct contact with hot air and droplets.
Material and method 2.1 Material and instrument Material: walnuts were purchased from a local market in Liaoning province, China.
Tab.1 Factors and levels of central composite experimental design Factor Level -1 0 1 (A) Air inlet temperature/℃ 160 170 180 (B) Air outlet temperature/℃ 80 90 100 (C) Feed concentration/% 20 25 30 2.2.3 Collection rate of walnut polypeptide powder 100mL material liquid of walnut polypeptide was dried each time.
Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2005, 34(1): 59-62.

Materials equipment and experimental procedures Materials.
Table 1: Chemical composition by weight of Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy Zn Cu Al Materials 26% 70% 4% Wt.% Metallurgical Examination.
This value of surface roughness is much less than that obtained in engineering materials.
Al-Qawabah: Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering JJMIE Vol. 6(2012), p. 161-167
Actuators and Their Applications, Shape Memory Materials.

Introduction Magnetorheological (MR) fluids belong to a group of intelligent materials.
These changes in the rheological properties of MR materials are fast (a few milliseconds) and reversible.
Munoz: A model of the behaviour of magnetorheological materials, Smart Mater.
Zhang: An adaptive beam model and dynamic characteristics of magnetorheological materials, Journal of Sound and Vibration 261, p. 465–481 (2003) [6] M.Yalcintas and H.
Lakes: Viscoelastic Materials (USA 2009) [16] S.

Introduction In the last decades more and more reinforced polymeric materials were integrated in the aerospace field.
Due to this increased use of anisotropic materials in aerospace applications, multiple analyses of material behavior under certain circumstances are performed.
Initially, polymeric composites consisted in plastic materials reinforced with glass fibers which respond well under impact loads, but nowadays polymeric composites consist primary in carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) or polymeric materials reinforced with other advanced fibers.
Over the time, different types of impact tests were carried out on composite materials, but the most popular method is the drop weight impact testing.
Ishak: Impact Damage on Composite Structures – A Review, The International Journal of Engineering and Science, Vol. 3, Issue 7 (2014), p. 8 [4] MIL-HDBK-17-3F, Department of Defense Handbook, Composite Materials Handbook, Vol. 3 Polymer matrix composites materials usage, design, and analysis (2002) [5] M.

Sound Absorption Composite Materials Natural fibres are low-cost, lightweight and environmental friendly compared to glass fibre and mineral based synthetic materials.
By introducing the composite materials from natural fibre reinforced polymeric materials, the resulting materials shows a good potential to be an environmentally friendly products.
American Journal of Applied Sciences. 7(2): 260-264
Rice straw–wood particle composite for sound absorbing wooden construction materials.
High performance structures and materials.

Experimental Materials and methods.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences National Sciences Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science of Bulgaria under Grant NT 03.
Carlsson: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 91 (2007) p.1338 [2] M.
Mahmoodpoor: ISESCO Science and Technology Vision.2 (2006) p. 35 [3] J.A.
Jianga and Zhoupeng Li: Journal of Power Sources, 171 (2007) p. 948 [5] X.