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An alternative evaluation of diffraction data of nanocparticles, based on the “apparent lattice parameter” is proposed.
Based on new approach (alp – Q plots) to the elaboration of powder diffraction data of nanocrystalline materials we performed a systematic theoretical study of diffraction by nanocrystalline materials using models with different thickness of the surface layer, various magnitudes of the surface strain, and diverse gradients of the strain in the shell [1,2].
Example of alp-Q data determined from theoretical diffraction patterns calculated [3] for different models of SiC nanocrystals are shown in Fig. 1.
Experiment We applied our methodology for evaluation of the experimental diffraction data of different nanocrystalline powders.
At the present stage of our studies we can claim a qualitative agreement between the alp-Q plots determined from the experimental powder diffraction data of nanocrystalline SiC and diamond, and our theoretical calculations.

Annual average daily traffic (AADT) serves the important basic data in transportation sector.
Introduction Traffic volume is used as basic data for road and transportation planning, design and policymaking.
Short count is carried out in all roads estimated to require traffic volume data.
The results of analysis on traffic patterns for 365 days through the permanent count data showed that there are daily and monthly patterns in traffic data.
However, since there was less change in weekday traffic data, the short count is conducted on weekdays.

It was found that approximately 52% and 48% biofilm reductions were observed in 0.1% and 0.5% vanillin groups against S. aureus compared with 0% vanillin (control group) whereas 46% and 54% biofilm reductions were seen against C. albicans biofilm.
A significant reduction of vital biofilm mass was demonstrated in vanillin incorporated resin groups (0.1% and 0.5% vanillin) compared with a control, resin without vanillin.
Vital biofilm formation on obturator resin surfaces Microorganisms Vanillin (%) 0 0.1 0.5 S. aureus 0.924±0.179 0.042±0.064a 0.489±0.043a C. albicans 0.541±0.150 0.294±0.058a 0.028±0.199a *data expressed as mean optical density± SD 0% vanillin was used as a control a significant difference from 0% vanillin Figure 1.
Percentage of biofilm reduction in vanillin-incorporated resin groups compared with 0% vanillin group.
Regarding the percentage of biofilm reduction, approximately 52% and 48% biofilm reductions were observed in groups of 0.1% and 0.5% vanillin against S. aureus compared with 0% vanillin group whereas 46% and 54% biofilm reductions were seen against C. albicans biofilm (Fig. 1).

Because the dynamic soft reduction of continuous casting process is based on the computation of the solidification end point, using model to simulating the steel solidificating process is more and more interesting.
Using model to simulating the steel solidification process is more and more interesting, as the dynamic soft reduction of continuous casting process is based on the computation of the solidification end point [4-7].
The input data for the model is listed in table3.
Table 1 Physical parameter used in the calculation Coefficients , kg/m3 , kg/m3 , K , K , J/kg·K , J/kg·K Value 7600 7000 1671 1763 670 840 Table 2 Thermal parameter used in the calculation[1,2] Coefficients , W/m·K , W/m·K , W/m·K , W/m·K , W/m2K4 Value 29.31 23.26 3~7 353 11.1 5.67×10-8 0.7 Table 3 Input data for the model Parameters rd, m , m , m tmax, s Tin, K Tair, K Tcooled_sider, K Value 0.0072 0.005 0.005 10 1873 288 288 The results The calculation of the model is under the following 2 kinds of condition: (a) Setting ml=3, simulating the solidification of steel droplet with initial temperature of 1873 K on the 5 mm water cooled copper plate, Fig. 3.

As a result, it is possible to improve significantly the metal structure at the same values of the forge reduction.
It is shown that the accumulated degree of shear deformation, as well as the uniformity of its distribution, is higher for the new method with the same reduction values.
The reduction per pass was equal to 0.21, where h0 and h1 are the initial and final height of the billet.
This circumstance must be taken into account when developing the technological process by calculating the metal damage ω by the formula where a and Λr are the empirical data of the materials, Λ is the measurement data of the accumulated degree of shear deformation from computer or mathematical simulation [21].

Experimental data sets prove that the proposed algorithm is effective and reasonable. 1.
It is an important issue in data mining, in recent years the industry has been extensively studied.
Metarule-guided mining of multi-dimensional association rules using data cubes.
Dynamic itemset counting and implication rules for market basket data.
In ACM SIGMOD International Conference On the Management of Data, p.p. 255-264, May 1997

The data is recorded in a database for later analysis and visualization if required.
Fig. 1: Single Actions Mechanical Press From these variables, the speed and tonnage data will be used to develop the proposal of this article.
Hybrid Twin Enrichment Model Available Data.
The data has been measured with a mechanical thickness gauge such the one that can be seen in figure 6.
Virtual, digital and hybrid twins: a new paradigm in data-based engineering and engineered data.

Information Entropy Method for Evaluating Regional Earthquake Relative disaster-carrying Capability Juan Liu1, a, Jingyu Su1, b, Wei Wang1, c and Donghui Ma2, d 1Institute of Earthquake Resistance and Disaster Reduction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China 2 College of Architecture & Urban Planning, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China alidongzhixue@sina.com, bjysu@bjut.edu.cn, chautww@126.com, dieemdh@163.com Keywords: information entropy method; earthquake relative disaster-carrying capability; evaluation method Abstract.
Only in this way, our country’s urban earthquake disaster reduction can develop evenly.
Disaster-carrying capability Disaster prevention ability Social factors Employment Education Medical treatment Social security Economic factors Disaster prevention investment Monitoring and forecasting facilities Environmental factors Environmental protection efforts Resilience capability Social factors Population density Population situation Economic factors Wealth density of fixed foundation Engineering anti-seismic capability Resilience of building structures Resilience of lifeline subsystems Lifeline system correlation Disaster response capacity Social factors Ability of medical assistance Government emergency response ability Economic factors Lifeline restore ability Internal and external communications developed degrees Drainage conditions Secondary disasters Environmental factors Temporary relief distribution center Disaster recovery capability Social factors Production and construction HR Economic factors Economic diversity Wealth savings Insurance Environmental factors Environmental quality Data
Processing We may get standardization of indicators according to standardize the original data matrices.
We adopt the basic data of the cities and standardize them to establish the characteristic matrix.Using the Eq.1～Eq.3, we can get the entropy and the information utility value , and use Eq.5 to work out each indicator’s weight .

Data processing examples show that the model's practicality and reliability.
Introduction Grey system study the problems which with few data and indeterminate as own responsibility, its basic tool is grey generating.
Data processing examples show that the model's practicality and reliability.
Examples A titanium fatigue test data (Mpa)[9] : = [ 560,540,l523,500,475] , Corresponding temperature (℃): t = [100, 150,200,250,300] , corresponding serial number of temperature k = [1,2,3,4,5] , According to the method of this paper obtained for model Data fitted values is =[559.14,540.8043,519.3945,498.8323,479.0841].Relative error is e(%)=[0.15358,0.14895,0.68938,0.23354 ,-0.85982] Average relative error is 0.41705% .
Data processing examples show that the model's practicality and reliability.

Another effect of plastic working was considerable reduction in the roughness average value.
To determine the values of corrosive current density, computer program "Elfit - corrosion polarization data fitting program" was used [9].
The data presented in Fig. 2 indicate that the greater content of dispersion phase in composite coatings, the greater roughness is achieved.
Also, the surface roughness reduction ratio reaches its greatest values for Ni-Al alloy coatings.
Metallographic tests also showed reduction in the porousness of the coatings subjected to plastic strain.