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China azhl@nepu.edu.cn, bssm@nepu.edu.cn, chechunbo@yahoo.cn, dfangxiaomeng123@126.com Keywords: geothermal resource; Oilfield produced water; energy saving and emission reduction; heat pump; Oilfield Abstract.
The development and utilization of oilfield produced water geothermal resource is very important for both oil field development of new energy industry and the strategically performance of energy saving and emission reduction.
Data indicates that only a Daqing oilfield, the average daily verification of oilfield produced water is 109.14×104m3 in 2006.
Using the hidden heat of oilfield produced water geothermal resource reasonably and scientifically can not only save a lot of energy, but also have an important meaning in energy saving and emission reduction.
Analysis of energy saving and emission reduction pathway of the oil and gas field industry.

In this paper, based on the dynamic partitioning results of the intersection group provided by the software and data collected by traffic flow detectors, the features of dynamic partitioning software for intersection group are further explored from two aspects: traffic control and emergency response to traffic accidents, using the method of green-wave control and traffic guidance respectively.
Introduction In the previous study[2], the intersection group partitioning software has been used to input the real-time traffic data in the road network detected by the traffic flow detector into the partitioning software which can select key intersections in the road network and judge the correlations between intersections using the road section correlation model.
After the accident, the reduction in traffic capacity is reflected in the reduction of lanes available in number (n) and lane width correction factor.

When handling the investigated problem, the decoupling of the material movement and the nodal movement (according to the fundamentals of the ALE-theory) allows for a significant reduction of computational costs.
By utilizing these data, the power flow of any drive system can directly be determined by value and direction.
A significant reduction of the number of degrees of freedom (and hence of the computational costs) could be achieved by the transition to models based on 2D structural elements (beams).
Extensive comparative analyses, consistency checks as well as measurement data retrieved from an industrial tension leveler emphasized the reliability of such simulation concepts.
A further drastic reduction of the computational costs could be achieved by a transition to a novel modeling concept based on the principle of virtual work (by employing customized parametric shape functions for the curvature and strain distributions).

The effect of gel on the reduction of aqueous-phase permeability is taken into consideration through thepermeability reduction factor which is defined as the ratio of effective permeability of water to gel.
(1) whereis the maximumpermeability reduction factor, the gel concentration in aqueous phase, and andthe input parameters.
Fig. 2 shows the capillary pressure curve computed with the data of Table 2.
Results and Discussion Performance of gel treatment was described by comparing water-oil ratio, cumulative oil recovery and permeability reduction factor for gel treatment with those of waterflood.
Figs. 4(a) and (b) show permeability reduction factor for high permeability layer at 500 days.

Experimental Procedure In this study, various noble metal oxides reduction behavior was investigated by several methods.
In Thermogravimetry / differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) data for the Ag2O, weight change (from 160°C to 240°C) represents a reaction with a corresponding decrease in weight.
Ultrasonic irradiation should play an important role in the reduction of noble metal oxides.
It is considered that hot spot reaction represents the directly reduction.
The reduction of metal oxide was induced by hot spot formed from ultrasonic cavitation and alcohol.

This condition leads to the admissable height reduction.
Subsequently, a data file for simulation was exported
� This data file has been modified by a program written at the IBF.
For the conducted simulations only the material data of the highest and the smallest blank thickness were known.
Fig. 9 shows in the right picture a blank with different thicknesses and material data before and after the deep drawing process [15].

The developed chip serration model shows good agreement with experimental data.
Investigations into the causes of chatter and its subsequent avoidance or reduction is therefore of utmost importance.
Thus, a damping technique, for instance magnetic damping from tool side to dampen tool holder vibration, will reduce chatter and this reduction should show up in the chip serration.
The data acquisition system comprised an accelerometer (Kistler 50g), for vibration data acquisition; a Dewetron module, for signal conditioning; and a National Instruments DAQ card (model: PCI-6023E), for interfacing with the Dell workstation.
Fig. 4: Photograph of the magnet setup Fig. 3: 3-D Catia model of the special fixture Response Surface Model A 3 factors 5 levels simple CCD model was developed in RSM using DOE software to model chip serration frequency from empirical data.

Stress Classification and Fatigue Life Assessment of Modular Component with Asymmetric Perforated Parts Yoon-Suk Chang1,a, Shin-Beom Choi1,b, Young-Jae Park1,c , Jae-Boong Choi1,d, Young-Jin Kim*1,e, Jin-Ho Lee2,f, Hae-Dong Chung2,g and Kwang-Won Seul2,h 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Chunchun-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Republic of Korea 2 Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, 19 Gusong-dong, Yusong-gu, Daejeon, 305-338, Republic of Korea a yschang7@skku.edu, bcsb81@skku.edu, cpyj0909.park@skku.edu, dboong33@skku.edu, e yjkim50@skku.edu, fpeacelee@kins.re.kr, ghdchung@kins.re.kr, hk240skw@kins.re.kr Keywords: Asymmetric Perforated Part, Effective Elastic Modulus, Fatigue Life Assessment, Reduction Coefficient, Stress Classification Line, Stress Criteria Abstract.
In this paper, the effective elastic modulus (E*) is calculated by employing a reduction coefficient (φ) which is defined as the minimum ratio of categorized stress components obtained from the preliminary 2-D and 3-D finite element analyses.
Fig. 1(a) depicts 2-D axisymmetric finite element model and its cuts to calculate the reduction coefficient, and Fig. 1(b) depicts top view of 3-D finite element model and its cuts to match with those in the 2-D model.
As fatigue strength data, the S-N curve of austenite steel in the ASME Section III, App.
So, the effective modulus was calculated by employing an alternative reduction coefficient

From experimental data, the fatigue-life is usually described in terms of Basquin's law.
In our case, the fitted equation reads, (1) The coefficients of an approximate fit are situated in the Eq. 1, and their coherence with experimental data appears in Fig. 1 left.
The observed fracture for the sample m5 was coherent with the experimental data of fracture for these samples as shows the Fig. 1 left.
The minor increase of dissipate energy relates a local reduction of the SMA creep.
The effect of the SMA induces one reduction of the oscillation amplitude to “zero” in less than “ten” seconds.

The better results indicate that ECO using kriging approximation models can achieve a considerable reduction of computational expense while guaranteeing the accuracy of optimal solutions with efficient convergence.
When applied to MDO problems, this coordination mechanism and hierarchical design model can make a great deal of reduction of computational expense.
Subsequently, in response to the issue that the applicability of using polynomial response surface method to model deterministic computer simulation data, kriging approximation technique was proposed by statisticians to approximate the deterministic data in design and analysis of computer experiments (DACE) [4].
From the data in Table 1, it can be seen that the optimized objective function values solved by ECO using kriging approximation models are very adjacent to those solved by ECO approach, while the number of system iteration using the former method is significantly decreased, and sometimes the reduction is attractive.
As a result, ECO using kriging approximation models can achieve a considerable reduction of computational expense in MDO problems while guaranteeing the accuracy of optimal solutions with efficient convergence.