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Online since: April 2011
Authors: Jian Hui Xi, Jia Chen
An Improved Noise Reduction Based on Wavelet Threshold
Jianhui XI1, a, Jia CHEN2, b
1,2School of Automation, Shenyang Aerospace University, 37 Daoyi South Street, Shenyang, 110136, China
aE-mail: xjhui_01@163.com, bE-mail: chenjia3018@163.com
Keywords: Wavelet transform; threshold de-noising; signal-to-noise ratio (SNR); mean square error (MSE).
Wavelet Threshold De-noising The main idea of noise reduction based on the wavelet transform is that the energy of signal mainly concentrates on some special wavelet coefficients while the energy of noise will be distributed in the whole coefficient domain.
The wavelet transform has a strong correlation to the data, it enables the signal energy concentrate on a number of large wavelet coefficients in the wavelet domain; and the noise energy is distributed in the whole wavelet domain.
Wavelet Threshold De-noising The main idea of noise reduction based on the wavelet transform is that the energy of signal mainly concentrates on some special wavelet coefficients while the energy of noise will be distributed in the whole coefficient domain.
The wavelet transform has a strong correlation to the data, it enables the signal energy concentrate on a number of large wavelet coefficients in the wavelet domain; and the noise energy is distributed in the whole wavelet domain.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Wei Chen, Da Jian Zhu
The one-sidedness of low carbon policy is to equate the absolute reduction and relative reduction.
In fact the intrinsic problem that relative emission reduction can not decrease the CO2 emissions have been ignored.
The process of Shanghai's industrial low carbon development can be as relative emission reduction.
Preventive low-carbon policy is a radically different CO2 reduction management, which is based on effect improvement.
For instance, Shanghai's goal was only 100 million tons of standard coal in 2010 and the Shanghai industrial final energy in 2007 has reached 53.26 million tons, the former data of energy consumption is only 1.9% of the latter one.
In fact the intrinsic problem that relative emission reduction can not decrease the CO2 emissions have been ignored.
The process of Shanghai's industrial low carbon development can be as relative emission reduction.
Preventive low-carbon policy is a radically different CO2 reduction management, which is based on effect improvement.
For instance, Shanghai's goal was only 100 million tons of standard coal in 2010 and the Shanghai industrial final energy in 2007 has reached 53.26 million tons, the former data of energy consumption is only 1.9% of the latter one.
Online since: April 2011
Authors: Huai Qing Chen, Xue Ling He, Ying Qiang Guo, Jiang Wu
The cell-mediated matrix mineralization in terminally differentiated cultures by Alizarin Red S assay revealed a reduction in the number and area of mineralizing nodules, even mineralization calcium concentration in BMSCs cultures after titanium particles treatment.
Collectively, the data suggest that different size titanium particles alters osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs cultures during lineage progression and provide further insight into wear debris-induced reduced bone formation.
Data are presented as mean ± SD.
The cell-mediated matrix mineralization in terminally differentiated cultures by Alizarin Red S assay revealed a reduction in the number and area of mineralizing nodules, even mineralization calcium concentration in rBMSCs cultures after titanium particles treatment (Table 3).
Collectively, the data suggest that different size titanium particles alters osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs cultures during lineage progression and provide further insight into wear debris-induced reduced bone formation.
Data are presented as mean ± SD.
The cell-mediated matrix mineralization in terminally differentiated cultures by Alizarin Red S assay revealed a reduction in the number and area of mineralizing nodules, even mineralization calcium concentration in rBMSCs cultures after titanium particles treatment (Table 3).
Online since: March 2008
Authors: Wilfried Lerch, Susanne Ohsiek, Jürgen Niess, Martin Trentzsch, Christian Golz, Karsten Wieczorek, Rolf Stephan, Tilo Mantei, Boris Bayha, Michael Raab, Zsolt Nényei, Waltraud Dietl, Christoph Kirchner, Georg Roters
(a) (b)
Figure 2: Experimental data based on 65nm Technology.
The experimental data confirms that the N% target range and the required difference in TGD were met (Fig. 9).
(a) (b) Figure 14: Gate Leakage in dependency of CET for (a) NFET and (b) PFET To analyze the VTH , the data was separated into two groups.
The data exhibits no impact from replacing NH3 by ND3 or D2.
Transistor Reliability After the comprehensive analysis of the electrical transistor data, this section will focus on the transistor reliability.
The experimental data confirms that the N% target range and the required difference in TGD were met (Fig. 9).
(a) (b) Figure 14: Gate Leakage in dependency of CET for (a) NFET and (b) PFET To analyze the VTH , the data was separated into two groups.
The data exhibits no impact from replacing NH3 by ND3 or D2.
Transistor Reliability After the comprehensive analysis of the electrical transistor data, this section will focus on the transistor reliability.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Thomas C.K. Molyneaux, David W. Law, Guo Min Zhang, Daniel Kong, Sujeeva Setunge
A considerable effort has been concentrated on identifying input climate data most appropriate for the models developed.
These projections are subsequently applied to the baseline climate data as described in the next section.
A 30-year statistical data for a given site (e.g.
Table 2 provides a summary of the climate data used as a baseline.
There are some limitations to the climate change data generated.
These projections are subsequently applied to the baseline climate data as described in the next section.
A 30-year statistical data for a given site (e.g.
Table 2 provides a summary of the climate data used as a baseline.
There are some limitations to the climate change data generated.
Online since: February 2009
Authors: S.O. Onohaebi, S.T. Apeh
Apeh
b
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo
state, Nigeria
a
sunebi@yahoo.com,
b
ter_apeh@yahoo.com
Keywords: Power generation, maximum load demand, network planning, utilization factor,
feeder pillar, reduction factor, voltage drop
Abstract.
Load reduction factors shall be applied after the total estimated power was determined.
In compliance with relevant standards[4,5,6,7], a diversity factor of 0.7 between the plots and feeder pillars and 0.8 between the feeder pillars and distribution transformers, resulting to a reduction factor of 0.56 was applied in arriving at the total load for the Injection Substation.
RW : MH = (17-2.5) : 12 = 14.5 : 12 = 1.2 :1 From Thorn lighting catalogue Photometric data for road lanterns, the corresponding coefficient of utilization are as follows; For a road width to mounting height ratio of 1.2 :1, Road side = 0.32 House side = 0.18 Thus, total UF = 0.50 Maintenance Factor (MF) [10] = LDD x LLD
Relevant data on existing load operating conditions, voltage profiles, etc, should be collated.
Load reduction factors shall be applied after the total estimated power was determined.
In compliance with relevant standards[4,5,6,7], a diversity factor of 0.7 between the plots and feeder pillars and 0.8 between the feeder pillars and distribution transformers, resulting to a reduction factor of 0.56 was applied in arriving at the total load for the Injection Substation.
RW : MH = (17-2.5) : 12 = 14.5 : 12 = 1.2 :1 From Thorn lighting catalogue Photometric data for road lanterns, the corresponding coefficient of utilization are as follows; For a road width to mounting height ratio of 1.2 :1, Road side = 0.32 House side = 0.18 Thus, total UF = 0.50 Maintenance Factor (MF) [10] = LDD x LLD
Relevant data on existing load operating conditions, voltage profiles, etc, should be collated.
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Mei Ling An, Xi Qing Mu, Hua Li Yu
Important academic elements and data for study and design are provided.
So-called simplification is to make proper reduction on physical model, for instance: omit or reduce the characteristics having no or few influence to study.
Primarily, the reduction shall be faithful to critical mechanical properties, meanwhile, both the geometric types between each unit and whole structure, and the mechanical property transmitted between each unit shall be consistent.
When modeling, some simplification shall be conducted on the physical model.So-called simplification is to make proper reduction on physical model, for instance: omit or reduce the characteristics having no or few influence to study.
The loading imposed upon each component of the hook shall be consistent with that upon the whole structure, according to the hook, structural and load carrying features, the following reductions are made: 1) The positioner and bushing, having no influence to hook loading transmission, may be ignored. 2) The spring and bearing, playing an unimportant role in the loading transmission, may be ignored. 3) The screw connection between barrel and body, shank and nut may be regarded as surface connection. 4) The hook has a complex shape and internal structure, there are many small-angle connections and radii, so the cast radius on the hook body having few influences on stress, may be ignored.
So-called simplification is to make proper reduction on physical model, for instance: omit or reduce the characteristics having no or few influence to study.
Primarily, the reduction shall be faithful to critical mechanical properties, meanwhile, both the geometric types between each unit and whole structure, and the mechanical property transmitted between each unit shall be consistent.
When modeling, some simplification shall be conducted on the physical model.So-called simplification is to make proper reduction on physical model, for instance: omit or reduce the characteristics having no or few influence to study.
The loading imposed upon each component of the hook shall be consistent with that upon the whole structure, according to the hook, structural and load carrying features, the following reductions are made: 1) The positioner and bushing, having no influence to hook loading transmission, may be ignored. 2) The spring and bearing, playing an unimportant role in the loading transmission, may be ignored. 3) The screw connection between barrel and body, shank and nut may be regarded as surface connection. 4) The hook has a complex shape and internal structure, there are many small-angle connections and radii, so the cast radius on the hook body having few influences on stress, may be ignored.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Gang Hu, Zhong Hua Zhang, Bao Qing Hu
The results showed that the aqueous extracts at the concentration from 25% to 100% caused a significant reduction in the germination percentage, shoot length and total chlorophyll content of rape.
Data analysis.
The data were subjected to one-way ANOVA.
Data were analyzed using SPSS 11.5 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA).
This result showed that the reduction to be concentration-dependent.
Data analysis.
The data were subjected to one-way ANOVA.
Data were analyzed using SPSS 11.5 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA).
This result showed that the reduction to be concentration-dependent.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Yang Mei Wang, Qiu Qin Lu
In order to facilitate the processing, we handle the index values by discrete data.
Then, according to the index system, we design the final index data questionnaire (non final index according to certain calculation of the final index calculated) and distribute the questionnaires to the experts and obtain evaluation data.
We make use of rough set to solve the problem only for data processing, without any a priori knowledge, so as to avoid the influence of artificial factors in data processing.
Data processing is very convenient.
Through data processing, the relationship and the importance between the indexes of trust risk is becoming clear and provide basis for prevention of supply chain trust risk.
Then, according to the index system, we design the final index data questionnaire (non final index according to certain calculation of the final index calculated) and distribute the questionnaires to the experts and obtain evaluation data.
We make use of rough set to solve the problem only for data processing, without any a priori knowledge, so as to avoid the influence of artificial factors in data processing.
Data processing is very convenient.
Through data processing, the relationship and the importance between the indexes of trust risk is becoming clear and provide basis for prevention of supply chain trust risk.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Juraj Žilinský, Peter Juráš
Programs for simulation of heat-air and moisture transport in building envelope uses non-steady boundary condition – outdoor climate data sets – test reference years (TRY) [1].
Analysis of climate data set The climatic data set comes from meteorological station Bratislava – Airport (altitude 133 m above sea level, longitude 17,21°, latitude 48,17°).
The data are from meteorological station Bratislava – Airport.
Therefore it is good to mention the Slovak hydrometeorological institute, which offers long term climate data.
ISBN 978-90-8649-637-2 [6] KORONTHÁLYOVÁ, O. – MATIAŠOVSKÝ, P.: Driving rain course simulation based on daily data.
Analysis of climate data set The climatic data set comes from meteorological station Bratislava – Airport (altitude 133 m above sea level, longitude 17,21°, latitude 48,17°).
The data are from meteorological station Bratislava – Airport.
Therefore it is good to mention the Slovak hydrometeorological institute, which offers long term climate data.
ISBN 978-90-8649-637-2 [6] KORONTHÁLYOVÁ, O. – MATIAŠOVSKÝ, P.: Driving rain course simulation based on daily data.