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(3) Multimedia teaching material preparation software in the basic elements - material.
Guide learners learn by analogy, to develop thinking, problem solving and the ability to continuously improve science learning
[3] Wang Xaio li: Journal of Hunan Normal University, Vo1. 3 (2001) No. 7, p. 106-125
[4] Ma Wei: Journal of Hunan Normal University, Vo1. 2 (2000) No. 26, p. 52-65
[5] Zhang Feng: Journal of Central China Normal University, Vo1. 8 (1995) No.27, p. 228-235.

Measurement of Young's Modulus and Poisson's Ratio of Thin Film by Combination of Bulge Test and Nano-indentation Bong-Bu Jung a, Seong-Hyun Kob , Hun-Kee Lee c and Hyun-chul Parkd 1 Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea a bbjung@postech.ac.kr , b shko@postech.ac.kr , c qq9481@postech.ac.kr, d hcpark@postech.ac.kr Keywords: bulge test, nano-indentation, thin film, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio.
But, the mechanical properties of such thin films are different from those of bulk materials and difficult to be identified [1].
Brotzen, Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 613～617, 1992 [6] R.
B, King, International Journal of Solids structures, Vol. 23, No. 12, pp. 1657～1664, 1987 [7] R.
Pharr, Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 7, No. 6, pp. 1564～1583, 1992

Journal of Rare Earths (English Edition).
Wet-chemical synthesis of doped colloidal nano-materials.
Materials Letters.
Journal of physical chemistry.
Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology.

Because of the complexity, large ambiguities and disagreements, and also lack of proper understanding of the mechanism of retardation, no fundamental and universally accepted model is available that would include all the mechanisms and could be applied to all materials.
Acknowledgment This paper is based on work partly supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grand No. 50378040.
ASME Journal of Basic Engineering D85, 528-534,(1963)
Philadelphia: American Society for Testing and Materials, pp.491-504
International Journal of Fatigue 23 (2001), S239-246

X- axis Y- axis X- axis Y- axis 1 0 0 0 11 0 -1 1.00 2 3 1 3.16 12 2 2 2.83 3 2 1 2.24 13 2 1 2.24 4 2 1 2.24 14 3 1 3.16 5 3 1 3.16 15 4 2 4.47 6 7 1 7.07 16 7 1 7.07 7 5 1 5.10 17 5 1 5.10 8 7 1 7.07 18 7 1 7.07 9 8 2 8.25 19 9 1 9.06 10 8 2 8.25 20 8 2 8.25 Error stacks 46.53 Error stacks 50.24 Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Science Council Republic of China under Grant NSC 99-2221-E-034-013.
Sfantsikopoulos: Position tolerancing in reverse engineering: the fixed fastener case, Proceeding of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture Vol. 221 (2007), p.457-465
Huang, Y.S.Tarng: An automated flank wear measurement of microdrills using machine vision, Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol.180 (2006), p.328-335
Huang, 2009: Investigation of machine vision assisted automatic resharpening process of micro-drills, Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 209 (2009), p. 5944-5954
Lin: Tool wear, hole characteristics and manufacturing tolerance in alumina ceramic micro-drilling process, Materials and Manufacturing Processes Vol 27 (2012), p.306-313

The material composition of High Speed Steel (HSS) is high carbon tool steel with a typical composition of 18% tungsten, 4% Chromium, 1% Vanadium, 0.7% carbon.
However increasing the rake angle to the large value reduces the tool material available at the tool tip for conducting heat generated, thus increasing the tool tip temperature and this would decrease tool life (Taylor equation).
In order to prove the optimal prediction result, the confirmation test (Real machining) was carried out onto AL6061 with 2mm depth and found 0.01771µm of tool wear References [1] Yung-Chang Yen, Jörg Söhner, Blaine Lilly, Taylan Altan, Estimation of tool wear in orthogonal cutting using the finite element analysis, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 146 (2004) 82–91 [2] P.S.
International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol. 2(6), 2010, 1780-1789 [3] G.
Hassan, Application of Taguchi method in the optimization of end milling parameters, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 145 (2004) 84–92 Received 17 April 2002; received in revised form 17 April 2002; accepted 25 June 2003 [6] M.S.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties ofAs-forgedTi-47Al-2Cr-2Nb-Y Alloy Shuzhi Zhang1, a, Fantao Kong1, b, Yuyong Chen1, c, Shulong Xiao1,d and Chao Cao2,e 11School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China 2 Sany Industry Town, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Chang sha, Hunan, 410100, PR China azhshzh1984@163.com, bkft@hit.edu.cn, cyychen@hit.edu.cn, dxiaoshulong@hit.edu.cn, extuboycao@126.com Keywords: Hot forged, TiAl based alloy, Microstructure, Mechanical properties.
The parent materials used in this study contain Ti sponge, high purity Al, Al–Nb, Al-Cr and Al–Y interalloys.
Fig.1a) shows the Microstructure of this as-cast material.
Fig. 5 Fracture surfaces of as-forged Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb-Y alloy at different temperatures: a) room temperature, b) 700˚{TTP}730 C, c) 800˚{TTP}730 C and d) 900˚{TTP}730 C Acknowledgements This research was sponsored by State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metal and Materials foundation (Project number: 20092D-02), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project number: 51074058) and National Basic Research Program of China (Project number: 2011CB605502).
Kim: Journal of Metals; (USA) Vol.41 (1989), p. 24 [12] Y.Y.

The monitored components or materials send out the sound waves because of the stress deformation and structure deformation or local weak collapse, and the acoustic emission technique is used to sample and dispose those waves to comprehend the internal force, damaged degree of the target component or material, through sound waves that sent out by the monitored slave computer, and combined with the engineering practice, we can achieve safety assessment, risk prediction, nondestructive testing and other purposes.
These defects and damages will send out the weak acoustic signals when receive other external forces or external influences, and the essence of those singals is the local energy instantaneous release of the defect position inside the target material, its intensity and frequency changes are closely linked with internal materials.
Subsequently, Canada, the Soviet Union, Japan and other countries have begun to study the acoustic emission instrument, and in the 1960s and 1970s, acoustic emission technique gradually used widely in dam safety monitoring, geological safety testing, materials testing and security assessment.
Liaoning: Chinese Journal of rock mechanics and Engineering, 2005(19): 3512~3156 (in Chinese) [6] Li Moxiao, Zhang guang, Brief probe of the AE Activity During the Faliure Process of Rock During Uniaxial Compression:[D].
Wuhan: Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 2010(in Chinese) [8]Veronique Smanio;Marion Fregonese;Jean Kittel;Thierry Cassagne;Francois Ropital;Bernard Normand.

Biomaterials science: an introduction to materials in medicine. 2nd ed.
[4] Niinomi M., Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A.
Journal of Dental Research 1993; 72:1304–9
Dental Materials : Official Publication of the Academy of Dental Materials 1997; 13:258–269
Progress in Materials Science 2013; 58:261–326. doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2012.09.001

The problem of the slip flow regime is very important in this era of modern science, technology and vast ranging industrialization.
The effect of various material parameters on skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are presented in table 1.
Aziz, “MHD mixed convection from a vertical plate embedded in a porous medium with a convective boundary condition,” International Journal of Thermal Sciences, vol. 49, pp. 1813-1820, 2010
Kim “Unsteady MHD convective heat transfer past a semi-infinite vertical porous moving plate with variable suction,” International Journal of Engineering Sciences vol. 38, pp. 833-845, 2000
[27] M.Umamaheswar, S.V.K.Varma, M.C.Raju, “Unsteady MHD Free Convective Visco-Elastic Fluid Flow Bounded By an Infinite Inclined Porous Plate In The Presence Of Heat Source, Viscous Dissipation And Ohmic Heating”, International journal of Advanced Science and Technology, Vol. 61, pp. 39-52, 2013.