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It is concluded that the better performance of grain interaction models compared to the FC Taylor model is mainly due to an improved prediction of the slip inside the constituting grains, and not in particular due to an improved prediction of texture evolution.
For example, the grain shape [3] and the directional substructure [4] may also play a role in the anisotropic behavior.
The latter determines the evolution of the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) for each single grain.
However, a different value of the CRSS is computed for each grain.
Eyckens, et al, Grain shape effect on the predicted anisotropy (in preparation)

The result of SEM analysis shows that grain size is of the order of 62 nm.
The average grain size obtained from SEM image is 62 nm.
The magneton number obtained from the values of saturation magnetization by using the relation [8].
The particle size obtained from Scherrer formula and average grain size obtained is in the nanometer range.
The saturation magnetization, remanence magnetization, coercivity and magneton number values are in reported range and have smaller values than the bulk cobalt ferrite sample.

The localization of strain in a limited number of coarse slip bands deteriorates fatigue resistance of Al-Mg alloys [1].
The fatigue stress-number of cycles to failure curves were plotted with the data from the above tests.
In contrast, the restricted number of microcracks evolves and they propagate in ductile manner in the HR75 alloy.
The cracks propagate along planar grain boundaries.
It seems that cracks may be effectively arrested in grain interiors.

We present recent results showing that the kinetic of lattice diffusion is enhanced in semiconductor nanometric (nano-) grains, while grain boundary (GB) diffusion is not changed in nano-GBs.
In the case of microelectronic devices, today’s transistors are made of nanometer-thick layers of a large number of different materials (fig. 1).
For different applications, nanotechnology leads to a decrease of the phase volume sizes and to an increase of the interface number.
In nano-grains Dg = 1.97 ´ 10−4 exp(−2.92 eV/kT) cm2 s−1.
Ge TJ diffusion is not negligible in nc-Si exhibiting 40 nm-wide grains.

Fig. 5 is the grain size and grain boundary of the sample.
And the low angle grain boundary is expressed in red line while the high angle grain boundary in blue line.
On the other hand, within the larger grain, we can find large amount of twin grain strips distributed, where low angle grain boundary dominated.
On the other hand , the damage voids can be found from the figure, there exists large number of voids in the material both within the grain and happened in the boundary of the grain.
And the damage voids can be induced both and within the grain but also in the boundary of the grain.

There was only one type of packet identified in a given transformed austenite grain.
The misorientation angle/axis distribution for a given austenite grain transformed to nanobainite at 200ºC.
The prior austenite grain was divided by packets consisting of two different blocks.
The numbers represent the variant numbers.
The novelty of the current APT analysis was the observation of a high number of Fe-C carbides with wide range of compositions.

Fig.1 Geological sketch map of the Maoping Pb-Zn deposit and typical section (modified after [2]) Q- Quaternary；P1m+q- Lower Pemmin Maokou and Xixia Formation limestone；P1l- Lower Pemmain Liangshan Formation sand shale; C2w- Middle Carboniferous Weiling Formation limestone and dolostone; C1b- Lower Carboniferous Baizuo Formation dolostone; C1d - Lower Carboniferous Datang Formation limestone intercalated with shale and sandstone; D3zg3 - Upper Devonian Zaige Formation dolostone (upper segment); l- dolostone; 2- limestone; 3- sha1e；4- stratigraphic boundary；5- inferred stratigraphic boundary；6- inverted anticline; 7- attitude of strata; 8- main fault and its serial number; 9- turmel and its serial number; 10- prospecting line and its serial number; 11- exposed ore body and its serial number; 12- concealed ore body and its serial number.
The porous coarse grain dolomitisation occurs intensively in the hanging wall and foot wall of ore bodies, and declines quickly with distance.
The calcitization commonly occurs in ore bodies, fracture zones, and fissures of wall rocks as coarse grained rhombohedron, or occurs in geodes of carbonate rocks.
Pyritization commonly occurs as disseminations or bands in the wall-rocks adjacent to the ores, which is characterized by the octahedral or cubic coarse-grained pyrite (1-5 mm) hosted in the altered coarse-grained dolostone.
The porous coarse grain (ferro-) dolostone and associated pyritization are good indicators for prospecting.

It can be seen that carbide precipitation and grain growth were suppressed by high cooling rate.
Due to the modification by Nb, the microstructure of the spray-formed MN1 steel is much more finer than that of M3 steel, e.g., the sizes of the carbides are only a few microns, and the number of the M2C carbides are decreased.
The growth of the austenite grain of the spray-formed MN1 steel is greatly restrained.
This offers the perspective of higher austenitizing temperatures without grain coarsening or carbide precipitation at the grain boundaries.
Fig. 5 Variation of average grain size during austenitizing.

Pr=Cgμg/kg is the Prandtl number with Cg being the gas specific heat.
The number of nucleus formed in a droplet at time was calculated by with d being the droplet’s diameter.
Fig.7 Fig.8 Fig.7 The number of grain in the Mg-9wt%Al alloy powder.
It indicates that the number of grain decreases with powder size.
For a powder smaller than 10μm in diameter, there are at most two or three grains in it.

Chang and Junz Wang[8] put forward a random grinding force model, this model considers the distribution of abrasive grains.
These parameters can be obtained by single abrasive grain experiments, as shown in figure 1.
Fig. 1 Experimental workpiece and abrasive grain contact diagram Finally, in the unit width grinding zone,We can get the normal and tangential plow force, respectively expressed as: （22） （23） grinding particle density,is the grain number in unit area,the unit is .can be calculated through the grinding wheel pressing marks method within a given area.
Therefore, we need to use remeshing function, set unit length absolute value in " Detail Setting ", Workpiece minimum unit of length is 0.8mm, Workpiece grid number is 133004, Grinding wheel minimum unit of length is 0.7mm, grid number is 142168.
Using Lagrangian Incremental mode, Simulation step number set is 100 step, time increment is , every 2 step stores a data.