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The grain growth behavior and mechanical properties in the friction stir weld zone after post weld heat treatment (PWHT) have been investigated.
In order to improve the mechanical properties of softened region, the post weld heat treatment (PWHT) should be followed.
It is reported that during the PWHT, some fine grains in the SZ of Al alloy have an advantage of grain growth and resultantly grow abnormally consuming surrounding grains in spite of the existence of the grain boundary pinning particles [3-4] therefore, the grains structure instability occurred during PWHT and it is important to know the behaviour of grain growth and the effects of the microstructural factors on the mechanical properties of the joints with various FSW and PWHT conditions.
Studies about the behaviours of the grain structure and mechanical properties with various FSW parameters after different PWHT temperatures are still limited.
The heat affected zone (HAZ, b) is characterized by a similar grain structure to that of the BM, however grains were slightly coarsened.

This study aims to address these pore defects by establishing new standards and improving both internal processes and external factors affecting mold heating.
These factors affect the company’s production costs and profitability.
Chaisrichawla and Dangtungee [10] explore the use of recycled materials in rotational molding for septic tanks, focusing on enhancing mechanical properties through various mixing ratios.
From the analysis of the experimental results of the input factors affecting the number of porous defects significant at the 0.05 level.
Revealed that there were significant variables affecting the occurrence of porosity, with the following relationship.

This alloy is oftentimes thermo-mechanically treated to produce a desired amount of equiaxed α (hcp crystal structure) and intergranular β (bcc crystal structure) with a fine grain size for optimum mechanical properties [5].
Most commercial β-titanium alloys, on the other hand, are metastable with respects to the β phase, and hence provide the possibility to vary the microstructure for an optimization of the mechanical properties.
However, a number of studies [7-11] have revealed that it can be difficult to achieve satisfactory properties when welding high strength titanium alloys.
Nevertheless, since hydrogen evolution and trapping can be affected by several factors, i.e., the unique microstructure morphology, residual stresses and phase transitions induced by the welding process, the reasons for such "strong" and irreversible trapping associated with welding should be investigated further.
Nevertheless, since hydrogen evolution and trapping can be affected by several factors, the reasons for such "strong" and irreversible trapping associated with welding should be investigated further.

The addition of BCMC is proven to improve physical properties, mechanical, and thermal properties of the resulting material.
Enzymatic cellulose degradation process depends on several factors: enzyme concentration, cellulose substrate surface area, reaction temperature, and duration enzyme activity.
The uneven spread of microcellulose filler will affect the physical properties, mechanical, and thermal properties of biocomposites.
Uniformly spread filler will give positive effect to physical properties, mechanical, and thermal properties of biocomposites.
The presence of filler affects the properties of a highly hydrophilic gelatin matrix.

The selection process must take into account many factors such as shape and dimensions, the availability of technology, economic consideration, manufacturability, and environmental impact of the materials [2].
The plastic properties will be affected by the use of recycled material in production process which mixed with the virgin material.
Research [14] conducted experiments to determine the effect of recycling on material properties of plastic at various recycling ratios and generations.
The research concluded that the recycled material was a good material and recycling ratios and generations affect the material properties.
Rios: Effect of Recycling on Material Properties of Polyethylene Terephthalate at Various Recycling Ratios and Recycling Generations, Mechanical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus (2003).

Federici et al.[3]demonstrated that the thermal properties of reactor materials play a vital role in the overall thermal stability of micro-reactors.
To extend the operation range and to study the interplay of methane/moist air reactions in microchannel-reactors, this paper simulated the methane/moist air catalytic combustion with fluent software in mirochannels with different wall shapes and analyzed the impact of different surface shape factors on the methane/moist air catalytic combustion .
Numerical Model and Chemical Mechanical Physical Model.
This is because the groove in the microchannel increased wall roughness, thereby affecting the residence time of the combustion gas.
A single groove on the overall average mass fraction of each component is not affected.

Despite the similar chemical compositions of the samples, the different production route determined a significant variation in microstructural features due to the different solidification conditions experience by the material, easily affecting the mechanical properties.
Tor, Anisotropy and heterogeneity of microstructure and mechanical properties in metal additive manufacturing: A critical review, Mater.
Sahoo, Mechanical and wear properties of rheocast and conventional gravity die cast A356 alloy, Mat.
El-Gohry, Microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded Al–Si alloy (A356) in the semi-solid state, Mater.
Cairney, Factors that affect the properties of additively-manufactured AlSi10Mg: Porosity versus microstructure, Addit.

Microscopic observation and tensile test were carried out to estimate the microstructural characteristic and mechanical properties of the bimetallic material.
The mechanical properties of the coatings were closely related to formation of the components.
Wu, Interface microstructure and mechanical properties of laser welding copper–steel dissimilar joint, Optics and Lasers in Engineering. 47 (2009) 807-814
Liu, Microstructure and mechanical properties investigations of copper-steel composite fabricated by explosive welding, Mater.
[8] Qinying Wang, Yuchen Xi, Xiaoyu Liu, Microstructure and mechanical properties of interface between laser cladded Hastelloy coating and steel substrate, Trans.

Experimental results on tensile mechanics properties of GFRP bars at high temperatures are present in this paper.
However, the severe degradation of mechanics properties of FRP at elevate temperatures maybe the crucial barrier for its widely applications.
It can be observed that the mechanical properties of GFRP bars are highly dependent on temperature, and the strength and stiffness exhibited severe reduction at elevate temperatures.
The soften temperature of fibers probably the most important factor which mainly influence the strength of GFRP at elevate temperature.
(a) 10℃ (b) 400℃ (c) 10-500℃ Fig.6 Failure Modes of GFRP specimens at different temperatures Conclusions An experimental investigations on mechanics properties of GFRP bars at elevate temperatures are present in this paper.

AlirezaAmiri20@gmial.com Keywords: Fatigue, S-N curve, coating, hardened chromium, galvanizing, embellished chromium, hardened nickel Abstract: Investigating Fatigue is one the most important factors in designing most mechanical structure.
Finding Mechanical properties 2.1.
Shape of test specimen At the last stage of preparing the specimens, the target coatings with the thickness of 13 and 19 microns are coating under the same condition such as temperature, moisture and other important factors. 2.2.
Mechanical properties of the specimen without coating Result Peak Break Yield Force (N) 109983.8 94210.41 109659.1 Extension(mm) 0.988269 4.286479 0.525976 Stress (MPa) 972.4698 833.0029 969.5992 Elongation 1.976538 8.572957 1.051952 El.After Break 1.73406 8.360717 0.8100967 Module (MPa) 49200.67 9716.634 92171.43 Energy (J) 108 k 453.2 k 57.2 k 2.3.2.
Mechanical properties of the specimen coated with warm galvanizing with thickness of 13 micron Result Peak Break Yield Force (N) 110415.8 95250.06 109962.8 Extension(mm) 3.450773 7.622701 1.608388 Stress(MPa) 976.2899 842.1954 972.2845 Elongation 6.901545 15.2454 3.216776 Elong.AftBreak 6.904699 15.21457 3.218915 Module (MPa) 14145.96 5524.259 30225.44 Energy (J) 376.7 k 821.2 k 173.6 k 3.