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Simulation and optimization of an actuator Norelislam El Hami1, a, Mhamed Itmi 2,b and Abdelkhalak EL HAMI2,c 1Ibn Toufail University, National School of Applied Sciences, ENSA Kenitra, Morocco. 2National Institute for Applied Sciences - Rouen BP. 08, University Avenue 76801, St Etienne du Rouvray Cedex, France anorelislam@outlook.com, bmhamed.itmi@insa-rouen.fr, cabdelkhalak.elhami@insa-rouen.fr Keywords: Structures, Global Optimization, PSO, SA, dynamic, hybrid, vibration.
The mechanical properties of the material: E= 1.23.1011 N/m2, r=8250 kg/m3 and n=0.3.
International Journal of Mathematical and Computer Modelling.
International Journal, IEEE, Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol 46, N°7, July 2001, pages1097-1101(2001)
International Journal Computers & Structures, Volume 48, N° 6, Septembre 1993, Pages 975-982(1993).

Decision Sciences, 2007 pp. 131-156
International Journal of Production Economics, 2008 pp. 261-273
Journal of Business Logistics, 1997 pp. 67-89
European Journal of Operational Research, 2006 pp. 211-225
International Journal of Production Economics, 2006 .pp 99-108

Because of the material of plate is considered as steel, the elastic modulus and density can be obtained as and respectively.
The material of base layer is steel, so its parameters are same as those of the plate.
Journal of sound and vibration, Vol.311(2008),,p.824-842
Journal of Sound and Vibration,Vol .291(2006), ,p.902–931
Information Sciences, Vol,178(2008),p.3096–3109 [13] L.J.

The experiments show that the flushing conditions with lower air jet pressure can get lower relative tool wear and higher material removal rate (MRR).
The strong spark erosion effect can be created during the air-aided water EDM so as to remove the materials needed to be machined in the workpiece.
Effect of Energy input on MRR Material removing in EDM is contributed to the heat energy translated from discharge current energy.
Acknowledgements This work is supported by Hubei Provincial Department of Education, China, with Science Research Project No.
Vol. 34(2007), p. 104 [2] Z Z Lv, F L Zhao, Y Y Yang: Journal of Dalian University of Technology.

So along the river the shallow groundwater recharge the river. 2 Materials and Methods 24 groundwater samples were collected from different aquifers in June 2012 to determine the hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes and carry out the water quality analysis.
When the organic materials and desulfurization microbial are coexist [20], the anaerobic degradation will be carry out: SO42-+2C+2H2O→H2S+2 HCO3-.
[5] Duan Yi, Wu Yingzhong, Zhao Yang, Cao Xixi, Carbon and Hydrogen Isotopic Compositional Features of Hydrocarbon Gases Generated by Different Coal-forming Materials, NATURAL GAS GEOSCIENCE.26(2015)2365-2371
[6] Duan Yi, Duan Mingchen, Wu Yingzhong, Yao Jingli, Luo Anxiang, Deng Xiuqin, Qi Yalin, Impact of Formation Environment of Coal-Forming Material on Hydrogen and Carbon Isotopic Compositions of Thermogenic Coalbed Gas: Thermal Simulation of Herbaceous Marsh Peats Formed under Different Climatic Environments, Earth Science.42(2017)1541-1548
[12] Zhao Fenghua, Cheng Chen, Fan Lijun, Guo Hong, Gu Shaoshun, Comparison of measuring methods of niteogen isotope composition in coals, Journal of Mining Science and Technology. 3(2018) 99-105

The materials tested reflected the types of subbases used in those times for supporting concrete pavements.
These materials included loam, clay, old macadam, gravel, and sand.
For the most part, loose materials were used as compared to the bound materials used in today's subbases.
It was obvious that less force was required to move the test slabs for equivalent subbase materials.
All materials gave curves showing hysteresis during cyclical movements.

Cellulose fiber modified bituminous mixtures was a composite material that was obtained by adding fibers which could reinforce the asphalt mastic and asphalt mixture’s pavement performance.
Materials and methods Materials.
Through comparing the differences of modified asphalts’ performance, that whether the composite of diatomite and cellulose had effects on performance of the modified asphalt was found, and if it was necessary to manufacture composite materials.
Acknowledgements This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 50874025.
Journal of Beijing University of Technology, NO.9 (2007), p. 43 [8] Qi-dong Yuan.

The process, outlined in Fig. 1, involves the use of a pulsed laser in order to generate high magnitude pressure pulses on the surface of target materials.
Sano et al., Improvement in fatigue performance of friction stir welded AA6061-T6 aluminium alloy by laser peening without coating, Materials and Design 36 (2012) 809-814
Ocaña et al., Laser shock processing as a method for surface properties modification of metallic materials, In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Shot Peening: Paris, France, (2005) 446-471
Dorman et al., Effect of laser shock peening on residual stress and fatigue life of clad 2024 aluminium sheet containing scribe defects, Materials Science and Engineering 548 (2012) 142-151
Application to high cycle fatigue behaviour, Material Science and Engineering 210 (1996) 102-113

Parametric Studies on Effect of Trailing Liquid Nitrogen Heat Sink on TIG Welding of Steels R S Sudheesha, N Siva Prasadb Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India arssudh@gmail.com, b siva@iitm.ac.in Keywords: Welding, Residual Stress, Trailing heat sink, Finite element method (FEM) Abstract: Welding is an efficient material joining process.
Temperature dependent material properties such as thermal conductivity, specific heat, Young’s modulus, yield strength are used for analysis.
Acknowledgements This work is financially supported by Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.
[2] M.M.Mahapatra, G.L.Dutta, B.Pradhan and N.R.Mandal: Three-dimensional finite element analysis to predict the effects of SAW process parameters on temperature distribution and angular distortions in single-pass butt joints with top and bottom reinforcements, International journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, Vol.83(2006), pp.721-729
C.Sun: Studies on characteristics of temperature field on GTAW with a trailing heat sink for titanium sheet, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 147 (2004), pp. 328-355

Experimental Study of Short-term Creep Characteristics Base on Step Loading-Unloading Method for Hard Rock Fu-jun Zhang1 Chuan-xiao Liu2 1Library of Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao ,Shandong 266590 2College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an Shandong 271018 Keywords: step loading-unloading; isochronous stress-strain curves; Gauss distribution; correlative coefficient; short-term creep experiment Abstract.
Corporation, might be applied in routine test, such as, uniaxial and three axles compress, creep, relaxation, low week pulsation and pore water pressure test of rock, concrete or other materials.
Creep theory of soft rock and its engineering application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2004,23(10):1635-1639(in Chinese) [5] Hai-ping Yuan, Ping Cao, Wan Wen,et al.Study on creep rules of soft and intricate ore-rock under step load and unload[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2006,25(8):1575-1581(in Chinese) [6] Guang-zhe Deng, Wei-shen Zhu.
Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2002,17(2):177-183(in Chinese) [7] Shugang Cao, Jin Bian, Peng LI.Creep constitutive relationship of rocks and a modified model[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(5):632-634(in Chinese) [8] Hua-min Li, Zhen-hua Li, Cheng-dong SU.Testing study on creep characteristics of marble[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(22):3745-3749(in Chinese) [9] Man-chao He, Hai-he Jing, Xiao-ming Sun.
Beijing:Science Press,2002(in Chinese) [10] Zhong-ting Zhang, Ju-jian Luo.Study on creep properties of rock under step load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(2):218-222(in Chinese)