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Using silica nanoparticles labeled with the molecule guanine, Wang et al. have created a simple and inexpensive electrochemical method that detects tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-æ) at clinically useful levels (5).
Meng et al. reported the synthesis of spherical silica nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 30 to 300 nm by using an emulsion method (17).
El sayed, Acc.

Later, Blasse and Bril et al. reported luminescence properties of Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+, Ba2MgSi2O7:Eu2+, and BaSrMgSi2O7:Eu2+ [3,4].
For example, Lin et al. reported persistent phosphorescence of Eu2+ and Dy3+ co-doped Ca3MgSi2O8 with an afterglow emission band at 475 nm and a persistent time of 5 h [10].
El-Shobaky, A.S.

Miyamoto et al. [1] processed a series of Cu single crystals by 1 ECAP pass.
The values El (mean grain chord) and Ea (mean profile area) are the reciprocal values of NL and NA.
Gundlach et al, Denmark 2004, p. 363

Fabrication of CoPt Nanodot Array with a Pitch of 33 nm Using Pattern-Transfer Technique of PS-PDMS Self-Assembly Miftakhul Huda1,a, Zulfakri Bin Mohamad2,b, Takuya Komori1,c, You Yin1,d, and Sumio Hosaka1,e 1Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan 2Human Resource Cultivation Center, Gunma University , 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan at10801375@gunma-u.ac.jp, bzulfakri@atec.gunma-u.ac.jp, ct11801314@gunma-u.ac.jp, dyinyou@ gunma-u.ac.jp, ehosaka@el.gunma-u.ac.jp Keywords: nano-patterning, self-assembly, diblock copolymer, pattern-transfer, patterned media.
This result is relevant with the study reported by Akahane et al. [15].
Ross, et al.: J.

Recently, Lu et, al. reported that platinum-gold composite nanoparticles showed excellent bifunctional activity for ORR and OER[3].
Contrary to the reduction-crystallization mechanism proposed by Jun Chen, el, at. for the low temperture preparation nanocrystalline spinel phase[10], this process is an oxidation-crystallization process and may be extended to other inorganic oxide/graphene composites preparation.
Suntivich et al[11]. to minimize the effect of O2 transport resistances.

Zhang, et al.
El-Zeky, et al.

One of the reasons is that the ratio between fluorescent singlet and phosphorescent triplet states is 1:3, therefore the harvesting of triplets is expected to increase the electroluminescence (EL) quantum efficiency [4].
Optical process in the EL and photoluminescence (PL) should be clarified to find much more highly efficient phosphorescent materials.� Ir(ppy)3 gives rise to the PL and EL phosphorescence band with a peak at about 515 nm.
From these results we can conclude that the energy separation of the substates 1 and 2 is about 12 cm -1 and the separation of the substates 1 and 3 is about 89 cm-1. 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 �U�SS�����Q�7 �) PL lifetime (µs) temperature (K) measured calculated Fig.5 The PL lifetimes calculated by solving the rate equations (solid line), which are fitted to the PL lifetime of Ir(ppy)3 doped in THF measured in Refs.[6,7] (open circle). 1 10 100 0.01 0.1 1 10 measured by Goushi et al.
Goushi et al obtained only one PL lifetime from the single exponential decay curve [8], while our calculation predicts two additional short lifetimes as the case of the calculated PL lifetimes shown in Fig.5.

Experimental 2.1 Materials High-density polyethylene (HDPE:EL-Lene H5818J pallets), supplied by Polyethylene Malaysia Sdn.
Similar trend reported by D.R.Mulinari et al. [9], P.Ganguly et al. [10] and F.Omar et al. [11].
Similar trend was revealed by J.R.Araujo et al.[12], D.R.
Mulinari et al. [9], H.S Yang et al. [13] and H.
Ku et al. [14] in their study.

Xia, et al.
Wu, et al.
Xin, et al.
Abo-El-Enein, Rheological Properties of Cement Pastes Admixed with Some Alkanolamines, Cem.
Yin, et al.

El Mohria, A.
Among the elements used in order to render iron structures lighter, Mg and Al are often used for this purpose.
Hightower et al [8] investigated the structure of the MA-induced state in a broad composition range.
Dorofeev, A.L.
Yelsukov, A.L.