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Online since: December 2016
Authors: Faina Muktepavela, Viktors Mironovs, Pavels Onufrievs, Mihails Lisicins, Arturs Medvids
The studies of microstructure of fragments formed from steel perforated tape have shown the reduction of the structure size and the presence of thin colour oxide layers, which is consistent with the results on nanoindentation.
The nanoindentation data obtained allow not only hardness (H) but also Young’s modulus (E) to be derived.
This may be due to the spread of the heating zone in this depth and the reduction of the initial machining influence.
Average data of hardness (H) and elastic modulus (E) for investigated steel samples with carbon content 0.50% untreated and after laser treatment in Fig.6a and 6b are presented.
Hardness data is consistent with the results of microstructure and elastic modulus data.
Online since: June 2008
Authors: Ajit D. Kelkar, Ram Mohan, Ronnie Bolick, Sachin Shendokar
Traditional methods such as stitching and Zpinning, while improving interlaminar properties in woven composites, lead to a reduction of the inplane properties.
Splaying is not dominant in reduction of diameter of nano fibers.
Table 1 shows the data obtained from the current MSBS and SBS tests.
The experimental test data indicates over 20% improvement in shear strength in the electrospun layered hybrid composites compared to the conventional two-phase composites.
Concluding Remarks The MSBS and SBS epxperimental data obtained indicates over 20% improvement in the delamination resistence of the nanoengineered hybrid composite with electrospun nano fiber layers compared to the traditional two-phase composite.
Online since: March 2008
Authors: Yao Feng Zhang, Bo Qin Gu, Yi Ding
The specimens treated by plasma spray have longer fracture time and larger area reduction.
Table. 1 Electrochemical data of 08Cr2AlMo steel with different coatings Cr2O3-TiO2- SiO2 Al2O3-TiO2 Al2O3 Without coating Corrosion potential φc [V] -0.554 -0.595 -0.647 -0.774 Current density ic [A/cm 2 ] 9.024×10-7 6.003×10-6 8.573×106 4.561×10-5 SSRT test.
The SSRT data of 08Cr2AlMo steel specimens with and without plasma sprayed coatings in saturated H2S solution are listed in Table 2, where the test data obtained in air are also included.
Table. 2 SSRT data of 08Cr2AlMo steel with different coatings Coating material Reduction rate ψ [%] Elongation rate δ [%] Failure time tr [h] Cr2O3-TiO2- SiO2, in H2S solution 34.7 16.3 26.5 Al2O3-TiO2, in H2S solution 28.6 13.8 22.7 Al2O3, in H2S solution 21.5 11.9 20.7 Without coating, in H2S solution 14.8 10.5 14.7 Without coating, in air 42.0 22.4 33.1 Fig.2 shows the SEM fractographs of the tensile specimens of 08Cr2AlMo steel with the plasma sprayed coatings in saturated H2S solution.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Wang Hu Sun, Shu Chen Xu, Li Sha Li
By analyzing the phenomena of the Housing and relevant data, the paper demonstrates the urban and town housing in China is not in short supply in the aggregate and the discrepancy between housing supply and demand is due to the real estate market speculation and investment which have led to the massive housing vacancy.
Therefore, the reduction of vacant housing is more important than the implementation of green building, this conclusion, and vacant housing hazards and data are where the innovation of this article.
The data should be reliable, scientific and accurate.
and sales list Year The completed residential area of the whole society [ten thousand square meters] Commodity house sales area [ten thousand square meters] Town completed housing area [ten thousand square meters] Commodity house Residence Residence 2000 180634.32 50498.25 18637.13 16570.28 80507.92 54859.85 2001 182767.05 61582.99 22411.90 19938.75 85278.88 57476.46 2002 193730.96 73208.65 26808.29 23702.31 93018.27 59793.64 2003 205286.68 91390.49 33717.63 29778.85 93114.71 54971.52 2004 217580.48 108196.54 38231.64 33819.89 101033.76 56897.34 2005 239769.60 129078.38 55486.22 49587.83 118125.81 66141.93 2006 265565.31 151742.72 61857.07 55422.95 120705.26 63046.91 2007 315629.80 186788.43 77354.72 70135.88 134247.50 68820.78 2008 364354.38 222891.80 65969.83 59280.35 147066.41 75969.06 2009 93713.00 85294.00 83565.96* 2010 104349.00 93052.00 91922.56* total 650094.78 581957.85 954441.54 Notes: Because of some data
Conclusions The reduction of vacant housing is more important than the development of green building.
Online since: November 2013
Authors: A. Noriham, A. Norhidayah, Mohamad Rusop
The size reduction method had a distinct effect on physical and thermal properties of ginger rhizome tested.
Size reduction technology generally is an emerging technology, which is a useful tool for reduction of particle sizes of various materials into micro and nano scale.
The size reduction due to the grinding process significantly increased the extractability, antioxidant activity, bioactivity and enhanced enzymatic degradation [5-7].
One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data using IBM SPSS Statistic, Version 21.
The thermogravimetric curves were used to examine the changes in thermal stability caused by size reduction.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Zhe Lei Wei, Zhan Wen Zhang, Lei Lei Gao, Yan Bo Geng
This work provides some guidance for further study of vibration and noise reduction of the soil stabilizer.
It can identify noise sources of cab with the reduction of driver as single-output[4].
Identification of vehicle radiated noise source based on partial coherence analysis is used rarely because that it is difficult to define the output reduction.
Based on time domain data and , the spectral and cross-spectral can be achieved by programming.
Online since: January 2011
Authors: Hong Lin, Ling Chen, De Suo Zhang, Yu Yue Chen
The results showed that stable silver nanoparticles collide solution with 20-30 nano, applied on oxidized cotton fabric under certain condition, could produce ideal antibacterial rate over 94% of bacterial reduction to both Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and Escherichia coli (E.coli) after 50 consecutive washings.
The percentage reduction was determined as follows: Reduction in cfu (%) =×100% (1) A and B are the bacterial colonies of the original cotton fabrics and the finished cotton fabrics, respectively.
The antimicrobial activity of silver nanaoparticles finished fabrics was affected little by the increase of laundering circles, with more than 94% of bacterial reduction maintained even after 50 times of washing, which showed the bonds between cotton and HBP-NH2 I were durable enough after repeated launderings.
Table 2 Washing durability of the silver nanoparticles treated cotton fabric Washing times S. aureusa E. colib Surviving cells [CFU/ml] Reduction [%] Surviving cells [CFU/ml] Reduction [%) 0 1.05×104 99.16 1.82×104 99.10 10 1.6×104 98.72 2.84×104 98.60 20 3.13×104 97.50 7.95×104 96.08 50 7.45×104 94.04 1.18×105 94.19 aSurviving cells of raw cotton fabric was 1.25×106CFU/ml; bSurviving cells of raw cotton fabric was 2.03×106 CFU/ml With the laundering circles increasing, the fabric whiteness enhanced because more silver nanoparticles with certain colour were washed off, which were proved by the ICP data.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Chang Long Yin, Chen Guang Liu, Yong Ming Chai, Ning Li
Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) analysis was conducted with a Quantachrome ChemBET 3000 instrument.
Table 1 presented the nitrogen physisorption data for NiMo sulfide samples, showing BET surface area (SBET) values of 322 m2·g-1, 280 m2·g-1 and 120 m2·g-1 for NiMoS-FM, NiMoS-FM-rapid and NiMoS-H2O, respectively.
Table 1 Nitrogen physisorption data for NiMo sulfide samples Samples SBET, (m2 g-1) BJH AdsorptionVp (cm3 g-1) BJH Desorption Average Pore Size(nm) NiMoS-FM 322 1.90 3.0 NiMoS-H2O 120 0.50 3.3 NiMoS-FM-rapid 280 1.5 8.5 Table 2 Initial rate constants (k) and selectivity HYD/DDS of the NiMoS-FM and NiMoW-Al2O3 catalysts during the HDS reaction of DBT (T = 573 K, P = 5.0MPa).
Table 2 showed the initial rate constants determined by a linear fit of the experimental data according to the equation described by Huang et al[7].
For the NiMoW-Al2O3 catalyst, two main peaks were observed at 263 and 330 °C. the first TPR peak can be further interpreted as reduction of CoMoS(NiMoS) phase, and the second peak is referred as reduction of unpromoted MoS2 or WS2 phase[8].
Online since: July 2015
Authors: M. Jaat, Him Ramsy, Amir Khalid, Adiba Rhaodah Andsaler
The atomization can be improved through a combustion chamber which contributes to emission reduction by shortening the nozzle orifice diameter.
It was commonly believed that the purpose of high injection pressure was the reduction of PM and the injection timing was retarded so as to reduce NOx [18]..
Figure 7: Effect of Ambient Pressure on Ignition Delay τ1 and τ1 + τ2 [22] Figure 5: pf - pa and pf - pn versus time [10] The lower injection of 30 MPa and a Pa of 4.2 MPa data from Arrehenius have been plotted as show in Figure 7.
The injection of 14 MPa and a Pa of 3.8 MPa are also plotted by Ikegami and Miwa [23] from their experiment data.
The different injection pressure of 14, 30 and 100 MPa was obtained from the data.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Lim Meng Hee, M. Salman Leong, M. Haryzul Ghazali
Another statistics published by Western Europe on data gathered from individual plant showed that 10% to 15% of pipework failures are caused by vibration induced fatigue [1].
This paper reviews on the causes of piping vibration, some health monitoring techniques, piping vibration assessment and reduction methods specifically caused by pressure pulsation phenomenon were also presented.
A qualitative assessment, visual inspection and basic measurement are being performed to indentify area of concerns and problem based on measured data.
Special measurement techniques such as Dynamic Strain Measurement and Fatigue Analysis, Experimental Modal Analysis, Operational Deflection Shape and Dynamic Pressure (pulsation) Measurement usually applied to acquire more data for diagnosis purpose.
For reduction of piping vibration, passive control devices offer cheaper price than active control device.
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