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Research on the failure mechanism of flash welded rail Yonghui Zhu1,a, Hui Chen1,b, Zhongyin Zhu1,c,Chuanping Ma1,d ,Lijun Wang1,e, Guiguo Wang2,f and Jinpeng Yu2,g 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong Univesity, Chengdu 610031, China 2CNR Tangshan Railway Vehicle Co.
The material of rail is U71Mn which is made in the year 2001.
Materials and Design 27 (2006) 1187–1195; [7]Y.
International Journal of Fatigue Volume 31, Issue 10, October 2009, Pages 1443-1453 ; [8]S.
Materials and Design Volume 32, Issue 3, March 2011, Pages 1205-1214.

Introduction As a kind of new functional materials, shape memory polymers (SMPs) own many primary advantages over traditional shape memory alloys and ceramics.
The material parameters are listed in Table 1.
Vol. 4(3) (2002), p. 91 [3] A.Lendlein, R.Langer: Science.
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Vol. 5 (2001), p. 2541 [6] M.S.Lake, N.A.Munshi, M.L.Tupper: AIAA Journal Paper No. 2001-4602 [7] R.S.Kane, S.Takayama, E.D.

Experimental Size fractions（mm) -5+2 -2+1.25 -1.25+0.63 -0.63+0.315 -0.315 ∑ yield（%） 87.1 9.2 2 0.1 1.6 100 Materials.
Then the materials were mixed and divided, and each sample weight is 500 g used for particle size analysis and grinding experiments.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51264001) and Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (No.2013jjBA60064).
[3] J.H.Pan, G.C.Amstutz, Journal of China University of Geosciences. 4(1993)52-58
[5] T.W.Chenjea, D.J.Simbib, E.Navarac, Materials & Design .25(2004)11-18

In addition, to reduce the inflammation and foreign material reaction, an amniotic component was applied to the atelo-collagen materials.
Materials and methods Preparation of biomaterials as human amniotic membrane and collagen scaffold.
In addition, to reduce the inflammation and foreign material reaction, an amniotic membrane component was applied to the atelo-peptide collagen materials.
In addition, to reduce the inflammation and foreign material reaction, an amniotic component was applied to the atelo-peptide collagen materials.
Science Vol. 260 (1993), p.920-924

Due to the characteristics of the welding materials, the tools were made from P20S sintered tungsten carbide.
The results obtained were compared with those of the base materials.
Arivazhagan– Review on friction stir welding of steels, Materials today, Vol.5, Issue 5, Part 2, pages 13227-12235, 2018
Aktarer, - Applicability of friction stir welding to steels, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Vol.80, No.2, 2017 [4] F.C.
Nelson – A review of friction stir welding of steels: Tool, material flow, microstructure and properties, Journal of Materials Science&Technology, Volume 34, Issue 1, pages 39-57, January 2018

Text Methods Test materials.
Cement into a paste after mixing with water, hardening in air or better hardening in water, and it can firmly cemented sand, stone and other materials together.
The raw material of Portland cement clinker mainly is calcareous material contained CaO and clay materials contained SiO2, Al2O3 and a small amount of Fe2O3.
Acknowledgement This financial support of the Zhejiang natural science fund(Y1091054) is gratefully acknowledged.
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(5):549-554.

The Journal of Si chuan Ordnance Industry,2010,31(3):44-46.in Chinese
The Journal of Si chuan Ordnance Industry,2009 30(8):96-98. in Chinese
Optimal Selection of Rescue Materials Support PlansBased on Entropy Weight [J].
Environmental Science & Technology,2003,37(2): 23-25. in Chinese
Bei Jing: Science Press,2000.

These pair of materials (ceramic to metal joints) are nowadays used in many engineering applications in optoelectronics, semiconductor, nuclear or high vacuum industries [4,5].
Wlosinski: The joining of advanced materials, The Publishing House of Warsaw University of Technology, 1999
Weglewski, Comparison of experimental and modelling results of thermal properties in Cu-AlN composite materials, Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences 61 (2), 507–514 (2013)
Suresh, Fundamentals of residual stresses in joints between dissimilar materials.
In Mechanics and Materials ed. by S.

Investigation of Low Temperature Properties for Ultraviolet Radiation Aged Bitumen and Mixture Jun Han 1,a, Shaopeng Wu 2,b，Dengfeng Zhang 3,c, Xing Liu 4,d 1 Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials Science and Engineering (Wuhan University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China 2 Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials Science and Engineering (Wuhan University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China 3 Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials Science and Engineering (Wuhan University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China 4 Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials Science and Engineering (Wuhan University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China ahanjun@whut.edu.cn, bwusp@whut.edu.cn, czhangdf0202@126.com, d liuxing1107@whut.edu.cn Keywords: Low Temperature Properties, Ultraviolet Radiation Aging, Layer clay powder, Bitumen and mixture Abstract: Asphalt is an organic mixture with complex compounds and chemical
Experimental Materials.SK-90# paving bitumen was supplied by SK Corp., Korea.
Figure 3 Fatigue life as the function of the strain level before and after aging Fatigue damage of asphalt concrete is a type of unrecovery damage resulting from the repeated load on materials according to the theory of phenomenological fatigue methodology.
References [1] Francoise Durrieu, Fabienne Farcas, Virginie Mouillet: Fuel Vol.86 (2007), p.1446–1451 [2] Chunfa Ouyang, Shifeng Wang, Yong Zhang: Fuel, Vol. 85(7-8), 2006: 1060-1066 [3] Airey G D, Rahimzadeh B.: Construction and Building Materials Vol.18(2004), p.535-548 [4] Jianying Yu, Xuan Zeng Shaopeng Wu.: Material science and engineering: A Vol. 447(1-2) (2007), p.233–38 [5] Xiaohu Lu, Isacsson Ulf: Construction and Building Materials Vol.16 (2002), p.15-22 [6] Durrieu F., Farcas F., Mouillet V.: Fuel Vol. 86(2007), p.1446–1451 [7] Michael Alexandre, Philippe Dubois: Materials Science and Engineering Vol. 28 (2000), p. 1-63 [8] Ji Zhang, Junlong Wang, Yiqian Wu, Youpeng Wang, Yunpu Wang: Construction and Building Materials Vol. 22 (2008), p. 1820–1830 [9] Giovanni Polacco, Pavel Krˇízˇ, Sara Filippi, Jiri Stastna, Dario Biondi, Ludovit Zanzotto: European Polymer Journal Vol. 44 (2008), p.3512–3521

Additionally, extruded aluminum and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) are both used to be base materials for the blades and tested its effect on rotating speed of blades with a constant airstream velocity.
The tower mechanism consists of three to five supporting arms, two circular plates for blades on top and down surfaces and one chromium-coated rotary fixture, which are constructed by aluminum or stainless steel materials.
Results indicated that there is a little discrepancy in rotational speed of blades between two materials tested in present VAWT model.
Fig. 5 showed the startup characteristic of NACA 6404 and 6422 blades with aluminum and ABS materials respectively.
Kim : Efficiency Improvement of a New Vertical Axis Wind Turbine by Individual Active Control of Blade Motion, Smart Structures and Materials 2006: Smart Structures and Integrated Systems, Vol. 6173, pp. 316-323, 2006