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Online since: October 2014
Authors: Shi Hong Bai, Li Rong Guan, Yan Jing Wang
The attribute set has many kinds of reduction forms.
The intersection set of these reduction sets is called as the core of reduction.
The concept of the core can be understood from two aspects: firstly the core is the base of all reduction calculation because all reduction sets include it; secondly the core can not be reduced during the reducing calculation.
Input the data of standard pattern to knowledge base, after normalized, according to the property value, the evaluation process is divided into three degrees, namely as small, medium, large, which are represented as 0,1,2 respectively for convenience of calculation.
Here, the knowledge base finished reduction consists of R2,…, R5, R8,…, R10 7 attributes.
Online since: January 2011
Authors: Hong Lin, Ling Chen, De Suo Zhang, Yu Yue Chen
The results showed that stable silver nanoparticles collide solution with 20-30 nano, applied on oxidized cotton fabric under certain condition, could produce ideal antibacterial rate over 94% of bacterial reduction to both Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and Escherichia coli (E.coli) after 50 consecutive washings.
The percentage reduction was determined as follows: Reduction in cfu (%) =×100% (1) A and B are the bacterial colonies of the original cotton fabrics and the finished cotton fabrics, respectively.
The antimicrobial activity of silver nanaoparticles finished fabrics was affected little by the increase of laundering circles, with more than 94% of bacterial reduction maintained even after 50 times of washing, which showed the bonds between cotton and HBP-NH2 I were durable enough after repeated launderings.
Table 2 Washing durability of the silver nanoparticles treated cotton fabric Washing times S. aureusa E. colib Surviving cells [CFU/ml] Reduction [%] Surviving cells [CFU/ml] Reduction [%) 0 1.05×104 99.16 1.82×104 99.10 10 1.6×104 98.72 2.84×104 98.60 20 3.13×104 97.50 7.95×104 96.08 50 7.45×104 94.04 1.18×105 94.19 aSurviving cells of raw cotton fabric was 1.25×106CFU/ml; bSurviving cells of raw cotton fabric was 2.03×106 CFU/ml With the laundering circles increasing, the fabric whiteness enhanced because more silver nanoparticles with certain colour were washed off, which were proved by the ICP data.
Online since: June 2020
Authors: Chandra Wahyu Purnomo, Rochim Bakti Cahyono, Harun Pampang
To know the activity of microorganisms during the whole fermentation process, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) value was measured by a sensor with an online application
Reduction of sCOD with various packing media during batch system Fig. 4.
Some data are 89.66%, 72.28%, and 68.96%, respectively.
Aproximation of oxidation-reduction potential of anaerobic microorganism Indicated organic composite Redox (mV) Process involved Reference O2 NO-3 or NO-2 SO2-4 Organic compound Acetoacetate/3-hydroxy-butyrate CO2 NADP+ or NHDPH NAD+ or NADH H+/H >+50 +50 to ‒ 50 ˂‒50 ˂‒100 ‒270 ˂‒300 ‒ 315 ‒ 320 ‒ 422 Aerobic Anoxic Anaerobic fermentation, sulfate reduction Anaerobic fermentation, mixed acid production Intraselular metabolism Fermentation,methane production Intraselular metabolism Intraselular metabolism [10] [10] [10] [11] [10] [11] [11] Conclusions Dairy sludge waste (DSW) can use as an alternative substrate for anaerobic digestion.
In addition, oxidation-reduction potential can be used to investigate the phenomena of microorganism activities on the whole anaerobic digestion process, evenmore required futher additional information.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Xiao Liu Shen, Zheng Xin, Chang Yu Zhou
This means we urgently need: 1) To establish data warehouse of 3E sustainable development system,in order to release the researchers from repeatedly analysis work, and to achieve the target of 3E indicator data mining capabilities.
But the required data and results are usually scattered everywhere.
The research function primarily refers to a variety of data analysis function supported by the platform, including contrastive analysis, OLAP analysis and data mining technology and other decision support functions, researchers can use the platform to perform simulation experiment, verify the method or model. ① contrastive analysis function is build based on exist data warehouse, which can carry on contrastive analysis of specified indicators among cities and present the results in the form of line chart or pie chart etc. ② The OLAP analysis function mainly utilizes the OLAP tool's to carry on the multi-dimensions, the multi-level analyses to 3E data warehouse data.
User can obtain the wanted data rapidly from large amount of material by using the function, carry out analysis with the presentation provided by OLAP. ③Data Mining technology helps user to discovery regular development patterns of areas of energy, economy, and environment and their sustainability from historical data.
These modules mainly accomplish the following functions: Constructing the 3E sustainable development data warehouse; constructing the 3E sustainable development indicator system; collecting the 3E sustainable development indicator data; collecting data of domestic provinces and cities in 15 years, collecting data of oversea similar cities which provides theory and data support for 3E sustainable researches.
Online since: November 2013
Authors: Xiu Ping Zhao, Zhi Qiang Gao
The Internet of Things technology used in agricultural products, such as food safety traceability management is taking the technological advantages of the Internet of Things-RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) is non-contact automatic fast read and write data encryption, in order to achieve a unified management and efficient flow of work in coordination.This thesis reports a production method of conductive nano-silver jet ink.
Obtain the dispersion of silver nanoparticles through chemical reduction reaction.
Take 0.2 mo1·L-1solution of hydrazine hydrate N2H4 • H2O 10 ml, 0.2 mo1·L-1 solution of silver nitrate 10ml, silver nitrate and PVP in the mass ratio of 2 times, respectively, in 20 ℃, 40 ℃, 60 ℃, 80 ℃ under the conditions of the reduction reaction, the experimental results shown in Fig.2.
Online since: May 2004
Authors: M. Manuela M. Raposo, António Maurício C. Fonseca, Gilbert Kirsch
In agreement with the UV-VIS data and also with the electrochemical study the new donor-acceptor systems synthesized could have applications in NLO.
Table 1- Yields and UV-VIS spectra data of compounds 1-2.
In contrast, the reduction of the series occurs in an irreversible one-electron reduction.
The data illustrate that there is quite an obvious electrochemical distinction between the compounds depending on the type of �-bridge, bridge length and the type of acceptor groups, (Table 2).
Table 2- Electrochemical data for oligothiophenes 1-2.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Hai Feng Su, Yan Xuan Wen, Qing Lu, Jing Su, Chao Chen
The content of SiO2 was more than 60% in the residue of pyrolusite detached manganese by reduction roasted and acid leached, and it was a better siliceous raw material because of less other impurities.
The experimental datas were well interpreted with a shrinking core model under chemical control.
The present study focused on pyrolusite slags from pyrolusite detached manganese by reduction roasted and acid leached processes.
The simplified equations of the shrinking core model when liquid film diffusion, ash/inert solid layer diffusion or the surface chemical reactions is the slowest step can be expressed as follows, respectively [11]: (2) (3) In order to obtain the kinetic parameters and rate controlling step, the experimental data was analyzed on the basis of Eqs. (2) and (3); and the experimental data validity was verified by statistical and graphical methods, the multiple regression coefficient obtained for the integral rate expression were calculated.
The results showed that the kinetic datas from the temperature studies were fitted to Eq. (3) and the correlation coefficients (R2) were greater than 0.96.
Online since: May 2005
Authors: Roland Madar, Lea Di Cioccio, Peter J. Wellmann, Elisabeth Blanquet, Michel Pons, Jean Marc Dedulle, Pierre Ferret, Örjan Danielsson, Didier Chaussende, Francis Baillet, M. Ucar
The main limitation in SiC growth modeling is the accurate knowledge of physical, thermal, radiative, chemical and electrical data for the different components of the reactor.
In addition, the link between the thermochemical history of the grown material and its structure and defects still needs further development and input of experimental data.
The main limitation in SiC growth modeling is the accurate knowledge of physical, thermal, radiative, chemical and electrical data for the different components of the reactor.
In addition, the link between the thermochemical history of the grown material and its structure and defects still needs further development and input of experimental data.
The optimization of the temperature field, e.g; reduction of the radial temperature difference, allows the reduction of the global stress field (Fig. 3).
Online since: November 2013
Authors: A. Noriham, A. Norhidayah, Mohamad Rusop
The size reduction method had a distinct effect on physical and thermal properties of ginger rhizome tested.
Size reduction technology generally is an emerging technology, which is a useful tool for reduction of particle sizes of various materials into micro and nano scale.
The size reduction due to the grinding process significantly increased the extractability, antioxidant activity, bioactivity and enhanced enzymatic degradation [5-7].
One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data using IBM SPSS Statistic, Version 21.
The thermogravimetric curves were used to examine the changes in thermal stability caused by size reduction.
Online since: September 2008
Authors: Aivars J. Lelis, F. Barry McLean, J.M. McGarrity, Siddharth Potbhare, Daniel B. Habersat
Room temperature C-V data and Dit vs E on two 400x400µm FETs for Wafer 01 and Wafer 02.
Figure 4 shows the charge pumping data for the same MOSFETs.
Plot of charge pumping data Ncp for Wafer 01 and Wafer 02.
Calculated from data in Figure 2.
We have seen this effect on all devices where charge pumping data could be taken.
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