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Online since: October 2014
Authors: Jiang Tao Gai, Zheng Da Han, Xin Zhang, Fan Wan, Yi Yuan
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION INDICATORS FOR ELECTRIC-MECHANIC TRANSMISSION
Fig. 1 shows the structure sketch of the double side motors coupling drive transmission which is composed of two motor/generators and their speed reduction mechanism[1], power coupling mechanism and shift mechanisms on each side.
The gear ratio of motor speed reduction mechanism is .
g) Allowable rotate speed of planet gear bearing constraint[3]: (20) (21) (22) Where , and are the allowable rotate speed of planet gear bearing of the motor/generator speed reduction mechanism, power coupling mechanism and shift mechanism.
Fig.4 Evaluation process Table 1 Transmission parameters contrast Design variables /(r/min) Original data 3 10000 2 3.3 2.7 Optimization data 2.80 8000 3 2.82 2.79 Fig.5 and Fig.6 show that the end point of power factor curve at low speed gear and the starting point of power factor curve at high speed gear are superposable, which means .
Table 2 Steering renewable power mechanical recirculation utilization rate contrast Item Original data Optimization data Rate of change(%) 1.5 2 —— 38.6 27.4 —— 37.1 25.4 -31.5 0.78 0.87 +11.5 1.5 2 —— 21.2 14.4 —— 19.7 12.4 -37.1 0.82 0.91 +11.0 1.5 2 —— 18.7 12.5 —— 17.2 10.5 -39.0 0.83 0.92 +9.8 1.5 2 —— 12.1 7.5 —— 10.6 5.5 -48.1 0.87 0.95 +9.2 CONCLUSION a) According to the electric-mechanic transmission’s characteristics, straight running performance indicator and steering performance indicator are proposed in the paper.
The gear ratio of motor speed reduction mechanism is .
g) Allowable rotate speed of planet gear bearing constraint[3]: (20) (21) (22) Where , and are the allowable rotate speed of planet gear bearing of the motor/generator speed reduction mechanism, power coupling mechanism and shift mechanism.
Fig.4 Evaluation process Table 1 Transmission parameters contrast Design variables /(r/min) Original data 3 10000 2 3.3 2.7 Optimization data 2.80 8000 3 2.82 2.79 Fig.5 and Fig.6 show that the end point of power factor curve at low speed gear and the starting point of power factor curve at high speed gear are superposable, which means .
Table 2 Steering renewable power mechanical recirculation utilization rate contrast Item Original data Optimization data Rate of change(%) 1.5 2 —— 38.6 27.4 —— 37.1 25.4 -31.5 0.78 0.87 +11.5 1.5 2 —— 21.2 14.4 —— 19.7 12.4 -37.1 0.82 0.91 +11.0 1.5 2 —— 18.7 12.5 —— 17.2 10.5 -39.0 0.83 0.92 +9.8 1.5 2 —— 12.1 7.5 —— 10.6 5.5 -48.1 0.87 0.95 +9.2 CONCLUSION a) According to the electric-mechanic transmission’s characteristics, straight running performance indicator and steering performance indicator are proposed in the paper.
Online since: May 2022
Authors: Rukman Hertadi, Ika Keumala Fitri, Atthar Luqman Ivansyah
The structure of (a) monorhamnolipid and (b) dirhamnolipid
Based on experimental data from research related to the use of nanoparticles for improving surfactant performance, the details behind the measurements that have been carried out can be seen using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
IFT data from the three systems after simulation System IFT (mN/m) DW 71.47 MDW 70.00 SMDW 69.87 Although the decrease in IFT follows the theory, the IFT value generated in the SMDW system does not reach the ultra-low IFT, a surfactant requirement for EOR.
Two things most likely cause the low reduction in IFT value.
Yan, Marvin: A tool kit for streamlined access and visualization of the SDSS-IV MaNGA data set, Astron.
Hirel, Atomsk: A tool for manipulating and converting atomic data files, Comput.
IFT data from the three systems after simulation System IFT (mN/m) DW 71.47 MDW 70.00 SMDW 69.87 Although the decrease in IFT follows the theory, the IFT value generated in the SMDW system does not reach the ultra-low IFT, a surfactant requirement for EOR.
Two things most likely cause the low reduction in IFT value.
Yan, Marvin: A tool kit for streamlined access and visualization of the SDSS-IV MaNGA data set, Astron.
Hirel, Atomsk: A tool for manipulating and converting atomic data files, Comput.
Online since: May 2021
Authors: A.A. Arutyunyants, N.A. Salamova
Also, over the past 30 years, the technology of EL displays based on organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) – devices that are used in data displaying systems such as displays, information boards, or lighting systems [9-15] has been actively developed.
Cyclic voltammogram of Ge(Oxin)Cl3 (compound 2) reduction Epa Fig. 4.
The two-electron nature of the second wave can be explained by further reduction of TiCl3· (Scheme 5).
This explains the formation of dianion 9b in the reduction of the radical anion 9a.
The two-electron peak nature probably indicates the further reduction of anion 10a to dianion radical 10c.
Cyclic voltammogram of Ge(Oxin)Cl3 (compound 2) reduction Epa Fig. 4.
The two-electron nature of the second wave can be explained by further reduction of TiCl3· (Scheme 5).
This explains the formation of dianion 9b in the reduction of the radical anion 9a.
The two-electron peak nature probably indicates the further reduction of anion 10a to dianion radical 10c.
Online since: June 2010
Authors: Zheng Yi Jiang, Dong Bin Wei, Yan Bing Du, Matthew Hay, X.Z. Du
A Pentium III computer was used for data collection by using Lab Window Software in the
experiment.
In the experiment, when the rolling speed is 0.15 m/s, entry thickness of strip 0.55 mm, exit thickness varies, strip width 100 mm, and a low carbon steel was rolled, friction coefficient 0.1. 0.150 0.200 0.250 0.300 0.350 0.400 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Distribution across width (mm) Thickness (mm) Unlubricated 30% reduction trendline Lubricated 30% reduction trendline Unlubricated 35% reduction trendline Lubricated 35% reduction trendline Unlubricated 45% reduction trendline Lubricated 45% reduction trendline Unlubricated 60% reduction trendline Lubricated 60% reduction trendline Fig. 7 Thickness distribution at various reductions -3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 Calculated Measured Fig. 8 Comparison of calculated strip thickness difference with measured value -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Curve for work roll (mm) Distance to the edge of work roll (m)
Curve for work roll -0.050 -0.048 -0.046 -0.044 -0.042 -0.040 -3.0 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 Edge drop (1.0E-6 m) Distance to the contre of strip width (m) Standard rolling Rolling with roll curve (a) (b) Fig. 9 Work roll curve (a) and strip thickness distribution at the edge (b) The change of the measured exit thickness along the strip width at various reductions is shown in Fig. 7.
It can be seen that the strip crown increases slightly with reduction (final strip thickness from 0.4 to 0.2 mm).
In the experiment, when the rolling speed is 0.15 m/s, entry thickness of strip 0.55 mm, exit thickness varies, strip width 100 mm, and a low carbon steel was rolled, friction coefficient 0.1. 0.150 0.200 0.250 0.300 0.350 0.400 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Distribution across width (mm) Thickness (mm) Unlubricated 30% reduction trendline Lubricated 30% reduction trendline Unlubricated 35% reduction trendline Lubricated 35% reduction trendline Unlubricated 45% reduction trendline Lubricated 45% reduction trendline Unlubricated 60% reduction trendline Lubricated 60% reduction trendline Fig. 7 Thickness distribution at various reductions -3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 Calculated Measured Fig. 8 Comparison of calculated strip thickness difference with measured value -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Curve for work roll (mm) Distance to the edge of work roll (m)
Curve for work roll -0.050 -0.048 -0.046 -0.044 -0.042 -0.040 -3.0 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 Edge drop (1.0E-6 m) Distance to the contre of strip width (m) Standard rolling Rolling with roll curve (a) (b) Fig. 9 Work roll curve (a) and strip thickness distribution at the edge (b) The change of the measured exit thickness along the strip width at various reductions is shown in Fig. 7.
It can be seen that the strip crown increases slightly with reduction (final strip thickness from 0.4 to 0.2 mm).
Online since: December 2008
Authors: Weon Ju Kim, Ji Yeon Park, Seok Min Kang
The modification of the pore structure and the reduction of the
macro-pores in the composite resulted in higher mechanical and thermal properties than the
conventional CVI counterpart.
The increase of the thermal and mechanical properties could be attributed to a modification of the pore structure and a reduction of the macro-pores in the WA-CVI composite [3].
The WA-CVI composite, however, reveals a higher irradiation resistance, at least a smaller degradation in the mechanical properties although the data scatter is rather large.
The modification of the pore structure and the reduction of the macro-pores in the composite resulted in higher mechanical and thermal properties than the conventional CVI counterpart.
The increase of the thermal and mechanical properties could be attributed to a modification of the pore structure and a reduction of the macro-pores in the WA-CVI composite [3].
The WA-CVI composite, however, reveals a higher irradiation resistance, at least a smaller degradation in the mechanical properties although the data scatter is rather large.
The modification of the pore structure and the reduction of the macro-pores in the composite resulted in higher mechanical and thermal properties than the conventional CVI counterpart.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Chithra Parameswaran, Paramita Sarkar, C. Harish, M. Bhanu Chandra, A. Nirmala Grace
The FWHM gives precise information on the particles size distribution and are evaluated manually from the mid-value of recorded data.
Time (mins) 2 20 40 60 90 SPR Position (nm) 423 415 416 417 413 FWHM (nm) 97 81 80 79 76 Particle Radius(nm) 31 28 28.3 28.5 27.5 Table 2 Statistical data Figure 4 UV-Vis spectrum Statistical analysis The UV-Vis spectrum has a single peak at 420 nm showing the presence of spherical nanoparticles.
NaBH4, having very high reduction potential readily reduces the Ag+ ions to metallic silver giving silver nanoparticles.
Time(mins) 20 24 30 34 40 SPR Position (nm) 425 429 428 432 424 FWHM(nm) 130 148 140 164 155 Particle Radius (nm) 32 33.7 33 35 31.5 Table 3 Statistical data Figure 7.
The data given above were analysed by obtaining the graphs for FWHM and SPR Peak with Time and Particle Size.
Time (mins) 2 20 40 60 90 SPR Position (nm) 423 415 416 417 413 FWHM (nm) 97 81 80 79 76 Particle Radius(nm) 31 28 28.3 28.5 27.5 Table 2 Statistical data Figure 4 UV-Vis spectrum Statistical analysis The UV-Vis spectrum has a single peak at 420 nm showing the presence of spherical nanoparticles.
NaBH4, having very high reduction potential readily reduces the Ag+ ions to metallic silver giving silver nanoparticles.
Time(mins) 20 24 30 34 40 SPR Position (nm) 425 429 428 432 424 FWHM(nm) 130 148 140 164 155 Particle Radius (nm) 32 33.7 33 35 31.5 Table 3 Statistical data Figure 7.
The data given above were analysed by obtaining the graphs for FWHM and SPR Peak with Time and Particle Size.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Rajkumar S. Pant, Akshay A. Kanoria
This paper presents a comparative analysis of the operational effectiveness of a winged and conventional aerostat for scientific data gathering in lower Himalayas at various ambient wind speeds.
The winged aerostat is seen to be much smaller in size, and has a much lower reduction in operating altitude due to blowby.
A bidirectional serial data link connects thepayload with the ground control computer.
A comparative analysis of conventional and winged aerostat for scientific data gathering in lower Himalayas was carried out for ambient wind varying from 5 to 25 m/s, and the operating conditions listed in Table 1.
Vdisp and BB at different wind speeds Wind Conventional Winged %Difference Speed VDisp BB VDisp BB VDisp BB (m/s) (m) (m) (m) (m) 5 95.54 22.9 98.28 5.75 2.8 -74.8 15 44.3 84.24 85.96 47.22 94 -43.9 25 21.61 94.92 56.36 80.25 160.8 -15.4 Figure 9 Tether profile of conventional and Winged aerostat at various ambient wind speeds It can be clearly seen that the winged aerostat has much lower BB as well as reduction in VDisp as compared to the conventional aerostat.
The winged aerostat is seen to be much smaller in size, and has a much lower reduction in operating altitude due to blowby.
A bidirectional serial data link connects thepayload with the ground control computer.
A comparative analysis of conventional and winged aerostat for scientific data gathering in lower Himalayas was carried out for ambient wind varying from 5 to 25 m/s, and the operating conditions listed in Table 1.
Vdisp and BB at different wind speeds Wind Conventional Winged %Difference Speed VDisp BB VDisp BB VDisp BB (m/s) (m) (m) (m) (m) 5 95.54 22.9 98.28 5.75 2.8 -74.8 15 44.3 84.24 85.96 47.22 94 -43.9 25 21.61 94.92 56.36 80.25 160.8 -15.4 Figure 9 Tether profile of conventional and Winged aerostat at various ambient wind speeds It can be clearly seen that the winged aerostat has much lower BB as well as reduction in VDisp as compared to the conventional aerostat.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Hai Hong Cui
Lubricant can contribute to reduction of overall noise and vibration generated by machines, both by reducing generation of acoustic energy in lubricated contacts and by modulating the transmission of vibration through the lubricant.
This section will outline some of these mechanisms and suggest how lubricant optimization can contribute to reduction of noise generation at source.
Noise reduction in refrigeration compressor lubricants Foam generation and vapor entrainment depend partially on bulk lubricant properties such as viscosity, but are more sensitive to interfacial properties such as dynamic surface tension, Gibbs elasticity and interfacial shear and dilational viscosities[3] Refrigeration lubricant formulations for improved noise and vibration performance must maintain stable, controllable levels of foam and vapor entrainment in order to deliver improved acoustic performance without compromising reliability and efficiency.
Figure 2 shows vibration velocity data recorded on the base of the compressor shell, for two different lubricant base-fluid types having different inherent foaming performance, formulated with different concentrations of the same acoustically active additive.
In the case of domestic appliance refrigeration compressors, use of acoustically optimized lubricant formulations, designed to deliver controllable levels of foaming and vapor entrainment, can significantly reduce compressor shell vibration amplitude translates into reduction in radiated sound power intensity.
This section will outline some of these mechanisms and suggest how lubricant optimization can contribute to reduction of noise generation at source.
Noise reduction in refrigeration compressor lubricants Foam generation and vapor entrainment depend partially on bulk lubricant properties such as viscosity, but are more sensitive to interfacial properties such as dynamic surface tension, Gibbs elasticity and interfacial shear and dilational viscosities[3] Refrigeration lubricant formulations for improved noise and vibration performance must maintain stable, controllable levels of foam and vapor entrainment in order to deliver improved acoustic performance without compromising reliability and efficiency.
Figure 2 shows vibration velocity data recorded on the base of the compressor shell, for two different lubricant base-fluid types having different inherent foaming performance, formulated with different concentrations of the same acoustically active additive.
In the case of domestic appliance refrigeration compressors, use of acoustically optimized lubricant formulations, designed to deliver controllable levels of foaming and vapor entrainment, can significantly reduce compressor shell vibration amplitude translates into reduction in radiated sound power intensity.
Online since: May 2015
Authors: Dai Xie Chen, Yun Sheng Lin, Bo Hua Yin, Li Han, Hong Xue, Si Tian Gao, Wei Li
For achieving fast calculation and dealing with the laser interferometer measuring data quickly, the digital signal processor of TMS3206713 is used as the core unit of the control system.
The USB2.0 interface is designed for image data transport from the DSP unit to PC program.
Then, the gray value data of each line is shown in figure 7(b).
In figure 7(c), the final linewidth data is shown clearly after filtering and averaging to the original image data.
(b) Acquiring original edge data.
The USB2.0 interface is designed for image data transport from the DSP unit to PC program.
Then, the gray value data of each line is shown in figure 7(b).
In figure 7(c), the final linewidth data is shown clearly after filtering and averaging to the original image data.
(b) Acquiring original edge data.
Online since: April 2012
Authors: Víctor H. Jacobo, Armando Ortiz, Hugo A. Duran, Rafael Schouwenaars
The work is exploratory in nature in the sense that, while ample data for mechanical properties were obtained [4], the measurement campaign for macro- and microtexture is much more limited.
In spite of this limited set of data, interesting conclusions will be presented, both in terms of the specific recrystallisation and grain growth characteristics and on the differences with recrystallisation mechanisms in classical commercial Al-alloys.
Only small increases in strength were obtained by these reductions, while ductility was decreased, which is the reason why the present work focuses on smaller reductions, although results on grain growth obtained from samples with the higher reductions will also be presented.
{111} recalculated pole figures for the as-cast product, 70 and 95% reduction.
Few studies have been dedicated to the study of recrystallisation in alloys with a contiguous second phase [11] and even less data are available on recrystallisation and grain growth in the presence of a liquid phase [17,18].
In spite of this limited set of data, interesting conclusions will be presented, both in terms of the specific recrystallisation and grain growth characteristics and on the differences with recrystallisation mechanisms in classical commercial Al-alloys.
Only small increases in strength were obtained by these reductions, while ductility was decreased, which is the reason why the present work focuses on smaller reductions, although results on grain growth obtained from samples with the higher reductions will also be presented.
{111} recalculated pole figures for the as-cast product, 70 and 95% reduction.
Few studies have been dedicated to the study of recrystallisation in alloys with a contiguous second phase [11] and even less data are available on recrystallisation and grain growth in the presence of a liquid phase [17,18].