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However, the advancement in material science enables the development of carbon nanotubes (CNT).
Ltd, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
Chen, Viscosity and thermal conductivity of nanofluids containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes stabilized by chitosan, International Journal of Thermal Sciences. 50 (1)(2011) 12-18
Annamalai, An experimental study on the effect of ultrasonication on viscosity and heat transfer performance of multi-wall carbon nanotube-based aqueous nanofluids, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 52 (21-22)(2009) 5090-5101
[5] K.Y.Leong, N.M.Hanafi, R.M.Sohaimi, N.H.Amer,The effect of surfactant on stability and thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube based nanofluids, Thermal Science (2014) doi: 10.2298/TSCI130914078L

The heat conduction performance of Steel is better than concrete material.
Acknowledgement The authors wish to gratefully acknowledge the financial support and motivation provided by the National Nature Science Foundations of China under Grant (No. 50878020 and No. 51178042 ) ,Special Fund for Doctoral Program of Universities (No: 20100009110017 ) and the technological innovation projects of enterprises of the Ministry of transport (NO:2013315494011).
(Natural Sciences),2007,29(3):226-229
［J］.Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2007,35(3):127-130
Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition),2007, 35(3):127-130.

The study on the full stress optimal design of shape steel truss Xiao-zhen CHEN1,a, Xue-jun Zhang2,b and Zhi-zhang REN 3,c 1 Nanyang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanyang 473004, China 2 Nanyang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanyang 473004, China 3 Nanyang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanyang 473004, China azxjcxzzs@163.com, b153182545@qq.com, c1367243825@qq.com Key words: shape still truss, the optimal design, the fitted function Abstract: The rule of full stress is the most direct and effective method of the optimal design for shape steel truss.
Basic theory In the optimization design of the truss, the weight of the structure is usually used as target function [4]： (1) And is the weight of the structure; is optimal variable; is the length of the truss; is the material’s density; n is element number of the structure; ,is the tense and press of the truss respectively; is reduction coefficient of truss.
Table 4 Hot-rolled common channels steel section A type Error 3.72% 2.1227% B type Error 1.46% 0.94% C type Error 0.5262% 0.7697% Table 5 Hot-rolled wide wing H model steel section A type Error 2.6% 2.72% B type Error 3.59% 3.01% C type Error 3.02 % 1.93% Table 6 Angle steel section equal angle steel Error 1.95% 2.06 % unequal angle steel Error 1.72 % 1.66% Example Five truss indeterminate shape steel truss is shown in Fig.1, the truss’s material is common channels steel, allowable design stress , modulus of elasticity E is constant.
Journal of northeastern university(natural science，1999 (1) :29-30

Samples are radiated by electron at Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the electron energy is 0.8 MeV, radiation dosage is 2×1013 cm-2 and 1×1014 cm-2 separately for sample A and sample B.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College of Jiaxing University and College of Information Science and Technology of East China Normal University.
Radiation Effect of Semiconductor Materials.Beijing :Science Press,1993
Journal of Electrical Engineering.55(3-4)(2004) 20-24

Electrodeposition of Nanostructured Ni based alloys/Composites – A Critical Analysis Manoj Mandal 1,C.Sasikumar 2 1Department of Materials Science & Metallurgical Engineering, MANIT, Bhopal-462051, India 2Department of Materials Science & Metallurgical Engineering, MANIT, Bhopal-462051, India 1manojsuper380@gmail.com, 2csasimv@gmail.com Keywords: Electrodeposition, composite coating, corrosion rate, hardness.
As shown in the figure the hardness of substrate materials are normally improved to 200-300 HV by nickel coatings.
Raja Journal of Alloys and Compounds 468(2009) 546–552 [2] Meenu Srivastava, V.
[9] Hongqi Li, Fereshteh Ebrahimi Materials Science and Engineering A347 (2003) 93-101 [10] K.R.
Seshadri Materials Science and Engineering A 418 (2006) 303–311 [11] Lei Shi a,b, Chufeng Sun a,b, Ping Gao a, Feng Zhou a, Weimin Liu Applied Surface Science 252 (2006) 3591–3599 [12] Manoj Kumar Tripathi, D.

In addition, mechanical behavior tests of materials can be carried out using uniaxial compression.
Several forms of strain energy W are available in literatures for hyperelastic materials.
For incompressible materials, 12 3 1λλλ = , so above-mentioned strain-energy function can be simplified according to different experimental condition.
[3] M.Sasso, G.Palmieri, G.Chiappini, D.Amodio: Characterization of hyperelastic rubber-like materials by biaxial and uniaxial stretching tests based on optical methods, Polymer Testing, 2008, p.1
Kawai: Mechanical Properties of �atural Rubber Vulcanizates in Finite Deformation, JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE: PART A-2 Vol. 8 (1970),p.903

A research group at the Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa) of the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), has been dedicated to research with bentonite clay taken from the Northeast region of Brazil, and these have shown significant results, that are in the same level of research developed in other countries that use commercial organoclays that have higher cost. [4,5].
Materials and methods Materials - Polypropylene (PP) homopolymer, Code H103, granules, MFI= 40g/10min (2.16 kg/230 ° C - ASTMD-1238-L), manufactured by Braskem SA; - National bentonite clay - Brasgel PA (sodium) commercial industry benefits from the Northeast Bentonit Union (BUN) - Campina Grande-PB; The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the clay is 90 meq/100 g clay (determined by the method adsorption of methylene blue (ASTM C 837-84) [5]; - Ionic surfactant - Praepagen ® WB (diestearil dimethyl ammonium chloride), with 75% active material, manufactured by Clariant Recife / PE
The resulting material was granulated and dried in an oven under vacuum at 80°C for 24 h
Pinnavaia: Applied Clay Science Vol.15 (1999), p. 11
Pastor: European Polymer Journal Vol. 39 (2003), p. 945

Oil and gas production occurs in high-risk, due to the natural properties of this material and the characteristics of the process.
Accidents in Extractive industries are causing enormous material damage, leading to contamination of the environment, terminate the lives of people. 
In the analysis of the stress-strain state of "ground-base structure" it should not only consider the real properties of anisotropic rocks of the base, but also the material structure.Unfortunately, existing models of isotropic elastic strata near the breeding facilities do not allow to consider the construction of real properties, rocks: their small-layered, bent layers, anisotropy and in homogeneity, and also does not account for the location of objects relative to the plane of the strike of the inclined layers.
If we assume that the material surface facilities is also transtropic with an inclined plane of isotropy, then the equation of state is written in a Cartesian coordinate system Oxyz in the form (2), but with different elastic constants and angles.
References [1] Masanov J.K., Bozhanov E.T., Dyusembayev I.N., Turashev A.S., Nigmetov M.J.: The stress state of elastic obliquely layered anisotropic system "foundation-base", Journal № 2  "Search", Almaty (1998), p.173-174 [2] Erzhanov J.C., Aytaliev Sh.M., Masanov J.K. : Stability of horizontal mine workings in the tilt-layered array, Alma-Ata: Science (1970), p. 160 [3] Erzhanov J.C., Aytaliev Sh.M., Masanov J.K.: Seismically strained condition of underground structures in an anisotropic layered array, Alma-Ata: Science (1980), p. 222  [4] Zenkevich D.C.: The finite element method in engineering, Springer-Verlag (1974), p. 541

Penelle2,b 1 Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Faculté des Sciences, Université du 20 août 55-Skikda, BP 26 route el Hadaik, Skikda, Algérie. 2 Université de Paris Sud, ICMMO, LPCES, UMR CNRS 8648, Bâtiment 410, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
Introduction The properties and performance of materials depend strongly on their microstructure.
Lin, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 160 (1996) , p. 143

Maoa * Department of materials, State key laboratory of advance metals and materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xue Yuan Road 30, 100083 Beijing, China a wmmao@ustb.edu.cn Keywords: rolling deformation, texture simulation, reaction stress Abstract.
Acknowledgement The support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 51571024) is greatly appreciated.
Delannay, Deformation texture prediction: from the Taylor model to the advanced Lamel model, International journal of plasticity. 21 (2005), 589-624