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Online since: April 2013
Authors: Chao Jie Zhang, Pei Chen, Yan Qu, Geng Zhang, Qi Zhou
China
amyrazh@tongji.edu.cn, bzhanggeng77139@126.com
Keywords: Hydrated Electrons; Fluorine Chemical Plant; Photo-Reduction
Abstract.
In this paper photo-reduction of PFCs in wastewater by hydrated electron was studied and the end-products were discussed as well.
The data shown in Fig. 2 reflected that the amount of fluorine and deflurination rate increased as the irradiation time increased, especially during the initial 4 hours.
Fig. 3 Trends of intermediate products during photo-induced electronic reduction The concentration of acetic and formic acid increased with time (Fig. 3).
Teflon-manufacturing plant can consider using coagulation, then photo-induced reduction as the wastewater treatment process.
In this paper photo-reduction of PFCs in wastewater by hydrated electron was studied and the end-products were discussed as well.
The data shown in Fig. 2 reflected that the amount of fluorine and deflurination rate increased as the irradiation time increased, especially during the initial 4 hours.
Fig. 3 Trends of intermediate products during photo-induced electronic reduction The concentration of acetic and formic acid increased with time (Fig. 3).
Teflon-manufacturing plant can consider using coagulation, then photo-induced reduction as the wastewater treatment process.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Pawel Stefaniak, Radosław Zimroz, Monika Hardygóra, Walter Bartelmus
It requires the integration of data from different sources, adaptation of advanced data mining techniques, procedures or various diagnostic methods.
In general, the system consists of several modules like: data acquisition, data preprocessing/analysis, decision making, data management, data fusion (Relational Database Management System existing in the company), data visualization and modeling for degradation processes - analysis and prognosis, Fig.1.
In the first step, collected data should be validated.
Advanced data management functions integrated in GIS-class system let to perform on line a complex models of processing data very quickly.
Fig. 3 Structure of the unified spatio-temporal and multivariate data cube .
In general, the system consists of several modules like: data acquisition, data preprocessing/analysis, decision making, data management, data fusion (Relational Database Management System existing in the company), data visualization and modeling for degradation processes - analysis and prognosis, Fig.1.
In the first step, collected data should be validated.
Advanced data management functions integrated in GIS-class system let to perform on line a complex models of processing data very quickly.
Fig. 3 Structure of the unified spatio-temporal and multivariate data cube .
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Lian Ping Chen, Yuan Hong Gao, Jian Gao Yang, Bai Tao Su
This hints that the reduction mechanism might be different.
During the reduction of WO3 or Na2WO4 through the ball milling, the incomplete reduction should be considered.
Fig. 2 gives the calculation results of the incomplete reduction of Na2WO4.
Though the reduction of many reagents can be explained by the multi-step reduction mechanism, the reduction of Na2WO4 or WO3 by ball milling seems an exception.
Hu, Handbook on the thermodynamic data of inorganic materials (2nd edition); Metallurgy Industrial Publishing House, Beijing, China, 2002.
During the reduction of WO3 or Na2WO4 through the ball milling, the incomplete reduction should be considered.
Fig. 2 gives the calculation results of the incomplete reduction of Na2WO4.
Though the reduction of many reagents can be explained by the multi-step reduction mechanism, the reduction of Na2WO4 or WO3 by ball milling seems an exception.
Hu, Handbook on the thermodynamic data of inorganic materials (2nd edition); Metallurgy Industrial Publishing House, Beijing, China, 2002.
Online since: February 2008
Authors: Andrey N. Dmitriev, D.Z. Kudinov, Leopold Leontiev
The comparative analysis of computation and experimental data has shown that the offered model can
be used in the qualitative analysis of processes of interaction of multicomponent oxide melts with gasesreducers
of various composition.
The comparative analysis computation and experimental data has shown that the offered mathematical model can be used for the qualitative analysis of processes of interaction of multicomponent oxide melts with gases-reducers of various compounds.
Discussion of results The initial data for calculations were the following: temperature changed from 1473 up to 1923 K with step 50 K; pressure - 1 atmosphere; a portion of hydrogen - 0.1 mole; melt: B2O3 -25.98 mole, CaO - 10.83 mole, NiO - 1 mole.
It is necessary to take into account the comparative analysis of the experimental data received under various conditions of experience.
Liquid and gas interaction during reduction in bubbled layer.
The comparative analysis computation and experimental data has shown that the offered mathematical model can be used for the qualitative analysis of processes of interaction of multicomponent oxide melts with gases-reducers of various compounds.
Discussion of results The initial data for calculations were the following: temperature changed from 1473 up to 1923 K with step 50 K; pressure - 1 atmosphere; a portion of hydrogen - 0.1 mole; melt: B2O3 -25.98 mole, CaO - 10.83 mole, NiO - 1 mole.
It is necessary to take into account the comparative analysis of the experimental data received under various conditions of experience.
Liquid and gas interaction during reduction in bubbled layer.
Online since: April 2021
Authors: P.A. Gamov, A.R. Tabylbaeva, A. Bil'genov
There is a lack of complete understanding of the mechanism and kinetics of reduction of metals from oxides.
Investigation of mechanism of metals’ reduction from complex oxides and influence of experimental conditions on the nucleation and growth enables to identify new patterns in the process of reduction of metals from their oxides, in general.
In the reduction process distribution of metal in different ores has its own characteristics.
As an example, during metal reduction of low-grade South Ural ores the reduction process spreads over the volume of the lumps without formation of a continuous metal shell on the surface with the metal phase inside; the non-metallic layers of the silicate phase act as distribution channels for the reduction process.
Experimental Parameters Temperature, °С Holding, hour Slice Number (distance from the surface of a sample) 1300 1400 1500 1600 1,3,5,7 1,3,5,7 1,3,5,7 1,3,5,7 1,2,3 1,2,3 1,2,3 1,2,3 For the initial data on statistical calculation, 3 parameters were used: temperature (T), holding time (t) and slice number (N).
Investigation of mechanism of metals’ reduction from complex oxides and influence of experimental conditions on the nucleation and growth enables to identify new patterns in the process of reduction of metals from their oxides, in general.
In the reduction process distribution of metal in different ores has its own characteristics.
As an example, during metal reduction of low-grade South Ural ores the reduction process spreads over the volume of the lumps without formation of a continuous metal shell on the surface with the metal phase inside; the non-metallic layers of the silicate phase act as distribution channels for the reduction process.
Experimental Parameters Temperature, °С Holding, hour Slice Number (distance from the surface of a sample) 1300 1400 1500 1600 1,3,5,7 1,3,5,7 1,3,5,7 1,3,5,7 1,2,3 1,2,3 1,2,3 1,2,3 For the initial data on statistical calculation, 3 parameters were used: temperature (T), holding time (t) and slice number (N).
Online since: May 2013
Authors: Bin Yang, Jin Gang Jia, Da Chun Liu, Bao Qiang Xu, Heng Xiong, Dong Sheng Wang
In our work, CaTiO3 phase was also found in the process of reduction TiO2 for preparing Ti powders by calcium vapor, which is consistent with the observation[12-15] in the process of electrochemical reduction of titanium dioxide in molten salt and the PRP process, direct reduction of TiO2 by metal calcium.
The Reduction Experiment.
Then took out the reaction vessel and opened it to obtain the reduction products.
According to the data in Ref.[17], the Gibbs free energy for the reaction in the process of the reduction of TiO2 by calcium vapor can be calculated.
In addition, the reduction by-products CaO also can be found in pattern (b).
The Reduction Experiment.
Then took out the reaction vessel and opened it to obtain the reduction products.
According to the data in Ref.[17], the Gibbs free energy for the reaction in the process of the reduction of TiO2 by calcium vapor can be calculated.
In addition, the reduction by-products CaO also can be found in pattern (b).
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Muammer Din Arif, Fawaz Mohsen Abdullah, A.K.M. Nurul Amin, Siti Aminatuzzuhriyah B. Haji Subir
Magnetic Damping in Turning of Stainless Steel AISI 304 for the Reduction of Machining Vibration and Tool Wear
A.K.M.
The data was subsequently processed using DasyLab (version 6) software.
Fig. 3 compares the corresponding tool flank wear reduction by 11% for the same run.
The greatest reduction in tool wear (89.62%) is in run 13 for a corresponding reduction in vibration of 51.27%.
This led to a reduction in tool wear by 63.85% on average.
The data was subsequently processed using DasyLab (version 6) software.
Fig. 3 compares the corresponding tool flank wear reduction by 11% for the same run.
The greatest reduction in tool wear (89.62%) is in run 13 for a corresponding reduction in vibration of 51.27%.
This led to a reduction in tool wear by 63.85% on average.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Dan Liu, Jian Mei Sun
Design of the reusable data reduction tool
Data set is a collection of data, is the object of data mining.
Data reduction tools can be called by data mining system can also be called by other cloud applications platform to access heterogeneous data.
The design of reusable data reduction tool.
The development and implements of data reduction tool on cloud computing platform.
Then test data set is to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of data reduction tool.
Data reduction tools can be called by data mining system can also be called by other cloud applications platform to access heterogeneous data.
The design of reusable data reduction tool.
The development and implements of data reduction tool on cloud computing platform.
Then test data set is to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of data reduction tool.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Xin Ping Su, Guang Kun Nie, Wei Xin Fan
Through the general data packet service [1] transmission method to collect the hydraulic characteristic information can be transmitted to computer, and then faults diagnosis.
The main idea of rough set theory is in the premise of maintaining the same classification ability, through knowledge reduction, decision making or classification to export issues rules and the reduction of which can be used for pre-processing on high-dimensional data to remove redundancy property, so as to achieve the purpose of dimensionality reduction in fault diagnosis, the use of rough set theory to specific monitoring and diagnostic data processing, diagnostic information can reduce redundancy, improve the diagnostic efficiency [2].
Forklift hydraulic system is characterized by relatively large parameters, not all selected; (3) Creating the relevant target data set (the original sample database), in other words, knowledge acquired data samples; (4) Data reduction, including attribute reduction, value reduction; (5) Mixing rule knowledge base generated.
Attribute reduction is equivalent to eliminate some unnecessary ranks from decision-marking table; attribute value reduction is eliminate some unnecessary attribute value from the table.
Decision-making table without any redundant information can be get by the manner of attribute reduction, value reduction, and shown as in table 4 ("*" indicates can not be considered).
The main idea of rough set theory is in the premise of maintaining the same classification ability, through knowledge reduction, decision making or classification to export issues rules and the reduction of which can be used for pre-processing on high-dimensional data to remove redundancy property, so as to achieve the purpose of dimensionality reduction in fault diagnosis, the use of rough set theory to specific monitoring and diagnostic data processing, diagnostic information can reduce redundancy, improve the diagnostic efficiency [2].
Forklift hydraulic system is characterized by relatively large parameters, not all selected; (3) Creating the relevant target data set (the original sample database), in other words, knowledge acquired data samples; (4) Data reduction, including attribute reduction, value reduction; (5) Mixing rule knowledge base generated.
Attribute reduction is equivalent to eliminate some unnecessary ranks from decision-marking table; attribute value reduction is eliminate some unnecessary attribute value from the table.
Decision-making table without any redundant information can be get by the manner of attribute reduction, value reduction, and shown as in table 4 ("*" indicates can not be considered).
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Wan Jing Tao, Bin Zhan, Meng Wang
Therefore, optimizing transportation form of the road transport, strengthening energy conservation management, is of great practical significance to improve the efficiency of energy utilization, to protect environment, to facilitate the sustainable development of society.This article combined with the relationship between drop-and-pull transport and energy saving and emission reduction, used the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model to evaluate the effectiveness of energy saving and emission reduction of drop-and-pull transport.
Energy saving and emission reduction of road transport industry refers to improving the fuel efficiency of the operation vehicle and reducing fuel consumption and waste emissions.
Analysis of energy saving and emission reduction mechanism of drop-and-pull transport Direct energy conservation mechanism.
Energy saving benefits evaluation of pull transportation case A case study of XX company, combines with its volume forecast the next few years, and transportation equipment situation, calculates the quantitative evaluation indexes, experts scores on the basis of the data obtained and the specific circumstances of the qualitative evaluation indexes, final draw weight set W and membership matrix R.
It follows that there is a certain energy saving effect in pull transport, but still need to further strengthen the energy-saving and emission reduction management, to achieve better energy saving effect.
Energy saving and emission reduction of road transport industry refers to improving the fuel efficiency of the operation vehicle and reducing fuel consumption and waste emissions.
Analysis of energy saving and emission reduction mechanism of drop-and-pull transport Direct energy conservation mechanism.
Energy saving benefits evaluation of pull transportation case A case study of XX company, combines with its volume forecast the next few years, and transportation equipment situation, calculates the quantitative evaluation indexes, experts scores on the basis of the data obtained and the specific circumstances of the qualitative evaluation indexes, final draw weight set W and membership matrix R.
It follows that there is a certain energy saving effect in pull transport, but still need to further strengthen the energy-saving and emission reduction management, to achieve better energy saving effect.