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The presence of skew sometimes affects the geometry of many bridge details and mechanical behaviors.
Skew angles greater than 20° also affect bending moment and shear in the exterior beams.
Live load distribution over a bridge deck depends on the design type (i.e., prestressed box-beam, I-beam, T-beam or steel box-beam, I-girder), span length, skew angle, number of beams, slab thickness, edge-to-edge width, beam eccentricity, beam moment of inertia, and other geometric properties.
The design of slab-on-girders is commonly based on the AASHTO wheel load distribution factors.
These correction factors should be used in conjunction with the corresponding shear distribution factors.

By means of analyzes the differences of mechanical properties between railway wagon with cold bending centre sill steel and common cold-formed steel, to study the differences resilience by different materials, final this given the forming principle and molding pass of cold bending centre sill.
The deformation stress of cold-formed steel have concerned with many factors, such as: different material, different of section shape, different forming method all affect the analysis of deformation and stress.
In order to more easily design roller, should omitted and processing for certain parameters, if these parameters processing undeserved, which can affect the quality of roll design.
Materials and springback analysis Materials parameter analysis Metal materials affect physical properties, especially the forming of elastic-plastic properties.
At the study of deformation mechanism, we may omit some parameters, that to be easy calculation at the derivation process, thus it affected the accuracy of deformation mechanism analysis, after add multiAgent systems, that it adopts the intelligentized supplement and correction, which can compensate for the loss, and increase the accuracy.

Figure 3 Components of the structural stresses Then the corresponding stress intensity factors can be obtained based on fracture mechanics as shown in Eq. (5) [4]
The mechanical properties parameters of the two materials are shown in Table 1.
Table1 Mechanical properties parameters of HSLA340GI and DP600GI Material Yield strengh/MPa Tensile strengh/MPa Tensile rate/% HSLA340GI 370 448 32 DP600GI 432 671 22 Figure 4 Sample size 2.3.2 The test methods As spot weld joints mainly withstand shear loads, only the shear fatigue life of each sample is concerned in this experiment.
Material properties are all linear elastic, elastic modulus is 210GPa, Poisson's ratio is 0.3, density is 7.85×103 kg/.
The engineering prediction of spot-weld fatigue life[J].China Mechanical Engineering,1998,9(11):35-37

In aluminum alloy chemical plating process, temperature is one of the most important factors which directly affect the coating speed and quality.
With the change of temperature with speed, so temperature is an important factor which affect the deposition speed.
It is a good surface treatment which has become the important mean of improving the surface properties of aluminum and aluminum alloys currently.
The specific processes of aluminum alloy electroless P-Ni: mechanical polishing-chemical degreasing- alkaline etching（10%NaOH- cold water- mixed acid etching- cold water- the first dip zinc- washed- stripping dip zinc coating- washed- the second dip zinc- washed- pre- plating- thin Ni-P alloy- hot water- plating high phosphorus Ni- P alloy- hot water [6].

Determining the mechanical and tribological aspects of these materials is a key factor.
These voids negatively affect the final mechanical properties.
Tensile and bending tests were executed to find a quantitative correlation between voids and mechanical properties.
properties are not significantly influenced by voids [12].
Likewise tensile, also bending experiments showed the influence of the reinforcement on mechanical properties of the laminates.

Study Bharath et al. (2014) [4] indicated several attempts to link the erosion and mechanical and physical properties of the target material.
The chemical analysis and Mechanical properties of the AA6063-T6 were carried out in (The State Company for Inspection and Engineering Rehabilitation (SIER), formerly (the specialized institute for engineering industries) and Standard specifications were presented in Table (1) and Table (2) respectively.
Table (1) Chemical Composition of ( AA6063-T6) Al Ti Zn Cr Mg Mn Cu Fe Si Element % Bal. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4-0.9 0.1 0.1 0.35 0.2-0.6 Standard [11] Bal. 0.007 0.001 0.02 0.6 0.01 0.004 0.17 0.45 Measured(SIER) Mechanical properties Table (2) Mechanical properties of (AA6063-T6) [12] RA % E(MPa) T. strength (MPa) Hardness HB Properties 8-11 (68-74)*103 240-250 73-85 Standard [12] 10 70*103 245 80 Measured(SIER) Inflate strength =100 MPa Fatigue Test Procedure Specimen Perpetration Fatigue test specimens shown in (Fig. 1) were manufactured according to the (Avery 7305) device which specially used for flat specimen with the required accuracy and in two groups.
Auradian , Preparation of 6061Al-Al2O3 MMC’s by stir casting and evaluation of mechanical and wear properties, Procedia Materials Sci. 6(2014) 1658-1667
Al-Alkawi, Influence of cryogenic temperature (CT) on tensile properties and fatigue behavior of 2024-Al2O3 nanocomposites, Materials Sci. and Engineering J.,765(2020) 012052

The unique hydrogels properties, such as porosity, and biological and mechanical properties, make them suitable for a wide range of applications, especially in the medical sector.
Bioinks should provide required properties: right biocompatibility, printability, fast cross-linking time, printing fidelity, stability and suitable mechanical properties (such as strength and elasticity).
Swelling properties.
Shrinkage properties.
Shrinkage properties.

Due to friction phenomena factors involve a lot of aspects; therefore different scholars put forward different friction theory, such as mechanical meshing theory, molecule theory, and adhesive friction theory and so on, so there must be inevitable wear during friction process.
The VC content was varied from 40vol.% to 70vol.% in order to know the effect of VC content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of VC/Fe-based composites, and take into account the practical application requires.
Results and Discussions Effect of loading and revolving speed on the friction properties of VC/Fe-based composites.
Compactness and hardness will affect the changes of binding force between the particles.
Conclusions This paper studies the friction properties of VC/Fe-based composites.

On some Conceptual Considerations for the Finite Element Simulation of the Oxygen Out-Diffusion in Ag-MgO Composites Andreas ¨Ochsner1,2 1Department of Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Malaysia 2Centre for Mass and Thermal Transport in Engineering Materials, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia Andreas.Oechsner@gmail.com, Keywords: Segregation, Diffusion, Finite Element Method, Interfaces, Composites Abstract.
The presence of atomic oxygen at internal metal-ceramic oxide interfaces significantly affects the physical properties of the interfaces which in turn affects the bulk properties of the material.
The presence of solute atoms at internal metal-oxide interfaces influences the physical properties of the interfaces and this, in turn, may affect the bulk properties [6].
The segregation of the oxygen atoms at the metal/oxide interfaces is modelled as a boundary flux q = −w12 · ψ1O + w21 · ψ2O , (2) where w12 and w21 are local transition rates which relate to the equilibrium segregation factor s = w12/w21.
Structure-Property Relationship of Metal-Ceramic Interfaces (Gordon & Breach, USA 1996)

We then selected some normalized parameters minimally affected by material properties and tip radius.
An indentation test is used to measure material properties [3,4].
Table 1 Material properties for FE analyses.
Fig. 5 Normalized hardness vs. residual stress for various material properties.
We found that hardness is strongly dependent of the magnitude and sign of residual stress and material properties, while prior indentation studies asserted that hardness is insignificantly affected by the residual stress.