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Online since: February 2014
Authors: Hua Liu, Qing Qing Ma
Coal gangue as road engineering material can sovle the problems of energy saving and environmental protection.Experimental datas of grain size distribution,crushing value,slake durability index,expansivity,liquid limit index,plastic limit index and water absorption showed that its own characteristics are in line with the requirements of road engineering materials.
environmental social benefits.[6] Material properties Road materia experiments were conducted on coal gangue which piled up the life of 10 years, the data obtained are as follows(The following values for the mean test multiple samples,see Table1): Table1 Coal gangue various properties and numerical data Material properties Obtained numerical data Description Density 2.44 g/cm3 Grain size distribution Well graded particles Easy to obtain large density, with low compressibility and high strength Crushing value 29.1% <30%, indicated that’s easy to be crushed, after rolling surface is smooth and dense Slake durability index 96.25% Index is higher, the resistance of softening and disintegration is better Expansivity Particles below 0.5mm 18% All are less than 40%,showed that it is non expansive Particles below 5mm 27% Particles above 5mm 32.1% original sample 26% Liquid limit index 31.06% <50%,meet the requirements Plastic limit index 22.92% <26%,meet the requirements Water
absorption 3.1% Water absorption rate is lower, showed that the structure of coal gangue is compact, water permeability is better and its capacity of water holding is lower The numerical data above show that coal gangue can be used as road engineering materials.
(see Table2 ) Questionnaire survey combines with software SPSS elicited 4 major influencing factors from following 22 general factors, specifically as follows: - Government support (including C8,C9,C10,C11); - Research, development and promotion of technology (including C4,C5,C6,C7,C17,C18,C19); - Quality of professionals (including C12,C13); - The level of supply and demand (including C1,C2,C3,C14,C15,C16,C20,C21,C22).
However, the efflorescence of coal gangue would be result in a lot of powder and the improper handle and stack would be cause heavy metal pollution of the soil and ground water.
environmental social benefits.[6] Material properties Road materia experiments were conducted on coal gangue which piled up the life of 10 years, the data obtained are as follows(The following values for the mean test multiple samples,see Table1): Table1 Coal gangue various properties and numerical data Material properties Obtained numerical data Description Density 2.44 g/cm3 Grain size distribution Well graded particles Easy to obtain large density, with low compressibility and high strength Crushing value 29.1% <30%, indicated that’s easy to be crushed, after rolling surface is smooth and dense Slake durability index 96.25% Index is higher, the resistance of softening and disintegration is better Expansivity Particles below 0.5mm 18% All are less than 40%,showed that it is non expansive Particles below 5mm 27% Particles above 5mm 32.1% original sample 26% Liquid limit index 31.06% <50%,meet the requirements Plastic limit index 22.92% <26%,meet the requirements Water
absorption 3.1% Water absorption rate is lower, showed that the structure of coal gangue is compact, water permeability is better and its capacity of water holding is lower The numerical data above show that coal gangue can be used as road engineering materials.
(see Table2 ) Questionnaire survey combines with software SPSS elicited 4 major influencing factors from following 22 general factors, specifically as follows: - Government support (including C8,C9,C10,C11); - Research, development and promotion of technology (including C4,C5,C6,C7,C17,C18,C19); - Quality of professionals (including C12,C13); - The level of supply and demand (including C1,C2,C3,C14,C15,C16,C20,C21,C22).
However, the efflorescence of coal gangue would be result in a lot of powder and the improper handle and stack would be cause heavy metal pollution of the soil and ground water.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Xiao Jie Chen
To meet the aesthetic requirements, fully and the landscape elements such as terrain, water, plant and combining the construction subsidiary, to create a beautiful and harmonious landscape artistic conception.
Soft landscape design Soft landscape is relatively hard landscape, by the rich plant, animal, water constitutes the rich natural change environment landscape.
Professional football field turf football arena, is the competition intense exercise.
Professional football field turf is required to be smooth, with good drainage properties, turf should be dense, soft, trampling resistance, shade tolerance, tolerance to low pruning, good elasticity.
Sports venues and outdoor landscape lighting space including square, roads, green, water, sketch, building etc..
Soft landscape design Soft landscape is relatively hard landscape, by the rich plant, animal, water constitutes the rich natural change environment landscape.
Professional football field turf football arena, is the competition intense exercise.
Professional football field turf is required to be smooth, with good drainage properties, turf should be dense, soft, trampling resistance, shade tolerance, tolerance to low pruning, good elasticity.
Sports venues and outdoor landscape lighting space including square, roads, green, water, sketch, building etc..
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Yan Chyuan Shiau, Yu Lung Lee, She Chun Lee
With insufficient professional knowledge, correct decision-making for completing self-built residences with excellent quality within an acceptable budget is a challenging task for self-builders.
Residence property (1) Safety considerations, including earthquake proof, fireproof, waterproof, and anti-theft designs (2) Lighting and ventilation factors, such as window opening, size, and material (3) Living functions including water, drainage, and electricity (4) Other equipment functions such as elevators and soundproofing D.
Applying for construction administration operations (1) Applying for a building permit (2) Applying for a pre-construction review, including power engineering and telecommunication equipment illustrations and tap water and gas piping.
Partial understanding for the design details Self-builders possess vague and partial concepts during preliminary planning, such as the number, size, and location of rooms; however, lack professional knowledge (e.g., concepts regarding basic style, floor thickness, layers of steel banding, reinforced concrete strength).
Therefore, the assistance of professional companies or architects is crucial.
Residence property (1) Safety considerations, including earthquake proof, fireproof, waterproof, and anti-theft designs (2) Lighting and ventilation factors, such as window opening, size, and material (3) Living functions including water, drainage, and electricity (4) Other equipment functions such as elevators and soundproofing D.
Applying for construction administration operations (1) Applying for a building permit (2) Applying for a pre-construction review, including power engineering and telecommunication equipment illustrations and tap water and gas piping.
Partial understanding for the design details Self-builders possess vague and partial concepts during preliminary planning, such as the number, size, and location of rooms; however, lack professional knowledge (e.g., concepts regarding basic style, floor thickness, layers of steel banding, reinforced concrete strength).
Therefore, the assistance of professional companies or architects is crucial.
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Jie Jin, Shang Ning, Qing Shuang Zhao
The design of the park studied earthquake disaster reduction techniques from some developed countries, already have emergency command center, emergency evacuation zone, emergency water supply device, etc, which have eleven kinds of disaster prevention and reduction function [5].
Site emergency shelters should be level, so easy to set up tents and temporary buildings should also be equipped with basic facilities such as water pipe, in order to meet temporary refuge and living needs.
Long-term or fixed shelter to meet the requirements in addition to general emergency shelter construction, but also has a better urban lifeline engineering requirements for all facilities, such as supporting the construction of disaster relief command center, emergency water supply, emergency toilets, emergency power, emergency medical ambulance, emergency supplies buildings, emergency communications facilities, emergency lighting and equipped with fire fighting equipment.
Emergency shelter management and maintenance of the latter to participate in a number of departments involved, the need to strengthen the coordination and management of various departments, and to develop appropriate management practices, establish emergency shelter management mechanism, and specify the professional sector, professionals responsible for co-ordinating emergency shelter maintenance and management work to make emergency shelters able to function in peacetime, when the earthquake occurred, can be quickly put in place to ensure that the basic functions of emergency shelters play a role.
Site emergency shelters should be level, so easy to set up tents and temporary buildings should also be equipped with basic facilities such as water pipe, in order to meet temporary refuge and living needs.
Long-term or fixed shelter to meet the requirements in addition to general emergency shelter construction, but also has a better urban lifeline engineering requirements for all facilities, such as supporting the construction of disaster relief command center, emergency water supply, emergency toilets, emergency power, emergency medical ambulance, emergency supplies buildings, emergency communications facilities, emergency lighting and equipped with fire fighting equipment.
Emergency shelter management and maintenance of the latter to participate in a number of departments involved, the need to strengthen the coordination and management of various departments, and to develop appropriate management practices, establish emergency shelter management mechanism, and specify the professional sector, professionals responsible for co-ordinating emergency shelter maintenance and management work to make emergency shelters able to function in peacetime, when the earthquake occurred, can be quickly put in place to ensure that the basic functions of emergency shelters play a role.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Bao You Liu, Ya Ru Liu
Overview of Hebei Province
In order to further promote green travel and low-carbon life, our Hebei University Of Science and Technology environmental protection investigation team to plan on prefecture level cities in Hebei province by investigation of water power, to promote low carbon living, so that the residents of Hebei province has updated understanding of low carbon environmental protection.
The author applied management science knowledge, the use of integer programming in operational research and distribution problems, figure and network module and other professional knowledge and professional software, the abstraction and analyzed in Hebei province, the corresponding decision aid model is established.
Under the first scheme, group A was to investigate water and electricity in the survey of 11 cities in the province.
Routes between cities in hebei province 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 0 114 171 138 138 279 225 449 476 522 589 114 0 57 159 252 404 295 519 590 691 659 171 57 0 204 309 449 340 563 647 736 703 138 159 204 0 162 245 136 360 538 532 500 138 252 309 162 0 141 156 297 435 384 437 279 404 449 245 141 0 166 194 296 296 334 225 295 340 136 156 166 0 224 376 396 364 449 519 563 360 297 194 224 0 412 245 140 476 590 647 538 435 296 376 412 0 388 513 522 691 736 532 384 296 396 245 388 0 403 589 659 703 500 437 334 364 140 513 403 0 Table 1 The distance between the cities in hebei province (highway) Unit: (km) Under the second scheme, group B was to investigate the coastal areas of the electricity and water situation.
Problem Description and Assumptions First, the description of the first scheme, A group starting from Shijiazhuang, traveled all prefecture-level city in Hebei province, and finally back to Shijiazhuang, go to the cities to investigate and publicize water saving low-carbon life.
The author applied management science knowledge, the use of integer programming in operational research and distribution problems, figure and network module and other professional knowledge and professional software, the abstraction and analyzed in Hebei province, the corresponding decision aid model is established.
Under the first scheme, group A was to investigate water and electricity in the survey of 11 cities in the province.
Routes between cities in hebei province 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 0 114 171 138 138 279 225 449 476 522 589 114 0 57 159 252 404 295 519 590 691 659 171 57 0 204 309 449 340 563 647 736 703 138 159 204 0 162 245 136 360 538 532 500 138 252 309 162 0 141 156 297 435 384 437 279 404 449 245 141 0 166 194 296 296 334 225 295 340 136 156 166 0 224 376 396 364 449 519 563 360 297 194 224 0 412 245 140 476 590 647 538 435 296 376 412 0 388 513 522 691 736 532 384 296 396 245 388 0 403 589 659 703 500 437 334 364 140 513 403 0 Table 1 The distance between the cities in hebei province (highway) Unit: (km) Under the second scheme, group B was to investigate the coastal areas of the electricity and water situation.
Problem Description and Assumptions First, the description of the first scheme, A group starting from Shijiazhuang, traveled all prefecture-level city in Hebei province, and finally back to Shijiazhuang, go to the cities to investigate and publicize water saving low-carbon life.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Guo Dong Zhang, Wu Yi, Qing Lin Yi, Hai Feng Huang
Then with other environmental monitoring data which induced landslide’s deformation, include rainfall, reservoir water level fluctuation, etc. the relationship between landslide deformation and trigger factors could be established.
Because this landslide is huge in scale and located in Three Gorges reservoir of Yangtze River, professional monitoring was carried out in 2006, and 12 GPS displacement monitoring points were clustered in the landslide body (Fig.1).
To 2011, the monitoring data shows that the landslide had slipped about 1 meter down to the Yangtze River, and the landslide deformation had a close relationship with rainfall and reservoir water level fluctuation.
The distance from each grid pixel to the lowest 145m watermark of Yangtze River is calculated to obtain the distance to river raster dataset, which to replace the reservoir water level fluctuation factor.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Public Welfare Industries Scientific Research Special Funds Project of The Ministry of Water Resources of the P.R.
Because this landslide is huge in scale and located in Three Gorges reservoir of Yangtze River, professional monitoring was carried out in 2006, and 12 GPS displacement monitoring points were clustered in the landslide body (Fig.1).
To 2011, the monitoring data shows that the landslide had slipped about 1 meter down to the Yangtze River, and the landslide deformation had a close relationship with rainfall and reservoir water level fluctuation.
The distance from each grid pixel to the lowest 145m watermark of Yangtze River is calculated to obtain the distance to river raster dataset, which to replace the reservoir water level fluctuation factor.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Public Welfare Industries Scientific Research Special Funds Project of The Ministry of Water Resources of the P.R.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Na Zhao
These include: Embankment 5411m, water guiding levee 450m, 3 rubber dams, 1 sluice, 7 roads and 9 bridges; river works include two small islands, the central waterway; 4 km coastline landscaping and 320,000 m2 total area.
In selecting the construction unit, taking into account a number of areas of expertise of the project covers the construction of water conservancy, road, bridge, port and shipping, gardens and greenery, and ultimately chose the two companies have qualified as a construction unit.
One is both water conservancy, road and bridge and port qualifications engineering companies to meet the construction requirements of the majority of the project.
Most of the project personnel's quality and capacity can not meet the requirements, even though someone has a high level of professional management and on-site experience.
Acknowledgements In this paper, Project Management Center of Water Conservancy Bureau, Shandong Province and Duodaohai Project Department gave strong support and cooperation during the process of investigation and argumentation, many project management experts also put forward lots of valuable opinions for the paper, in this thank you.
In selecting the construction unit, taking into account a number of areas of expertise of the project covers the construction of water conservancy, road, bridge, port and shipping, gardens and greenery, and ultimately chose the two companies have qualified as a construction unit.
One is both water conservancy, road and bridge and port qualifications engineering companies to meet the construction requirements of the majority of the project.
Most of the project personnel's quality and capacity can not meet the requirements, even though someone has a high level of professional management and on-site experience.
Acknowledgements In this paper, Project Management Center of Water Conservancy Bureau, Shandong Province and Duodaohai Project Department gave strong support and cooperation during the process of investigation and argumentation, many project management experts also put forward lots of valuable opinions for the paper, in this thank you.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Zi Ming Kou, Hong Wei Yan, Juan Wu, Xian Hui Wang
It is applicable to the sealing of the heat, water supply, the chemical pipeline, and even large pipe leakages.
These two types of devices are easy to carry, require low professional training, while are highly efficient for the fast closure of the pipeline leakages.
The above for existing different pipe leakage different sealing equipment and sealing method, actual use relatively inconvenience, the scope of comparative limitations, the operation is more complex, cannot fast effective sealing zone, and still time-consuming, plugging the effect not beautiful, to operating personnel have higher professional requirements.
It can also be used for the rescue sealing for gas, heat, and water pipes; l It is reusable, thereby saving material and energy, making a great environmental improvement.
It is easy to carry, require low professional training, while are highly efficient for the fast closure of the pipeline leakages.
These two types of devices are easy to carry, require low professional training, while are highly efficient for the fast closure of the pipeline leakages.
The above for existing different pipe leakage different sealing equipment and sealing method, actual use relatively inconvenience, the scope of comparative limitations, the operation is more complex, cannot fast effective sealing zone, and still time-consuming, plugging the effect not beautiful, to operating personnel have higher professional requirements.
It can also be used for the rescue sealing for gas, heat, and water pipes; l It is reusable, thereby saving material and energy, making a great environmental improvement.
It is easy to carry, require low professional training, while are highly efficient for the fast closure of the pipeline leakages.
Online since: October 2012
Authors: Jin Long Zhou, Qiao Li, Chun Yan Bai, Yu Yuan Ji
Of 2191 drinking water projects, surface water projects numbered 122, and groundwater projects, 2069.
Population groups drinking grade Ⅰwater, grade Ⅱ water, grade Ⅲ water and unqualified water accounted for 33.08%, 14.21%, 17.13% and 35.58% of the total population, respectively.
That is to say, 64.42% of the total residents had access to safe and comparatively safe drinking water after water quality improvement (since the majority of the water in drinking water projects had not been disinfected, the improvement of qualified rate of drinking water was seriously affected).
In 504 drinking water projects in 42 counties (municipalities), fluoride content of water exceeded 1 mg/L, and in 195 drinking water projects in 32 counties (municipalities), fluoride content of water exceeded 1.5 mg/L.
Other problems include co-existence of multiple managerial modes, low professional skills of managerial staff and irregular repair & maintenance service.
Population groups drinking grade Ⅰwater, grade Ⅱ water, grade Ⅲ water and unqualified water accounted for 33.08%, 14.21%, 17.13% and 35.58% of the total population, respectively.
That is to say, 64.42% of the total residents had access to safe and comparatively safe drinking water after water quality improvement (since the majority of the water in drinking water projects had not been disinfected, the improvement of qualified rate of drinking water was seriously affected).
In 504 drinking water projects in 42 counties (municipalities), fluoride content of water exceeded 1 mg/L, and in 195 drinking water projects in 32 counties (municipalities), fluoride content of water exceeded 1.5 mg/L.
Other problems include co-existence of multiple managerial modes, low professional skills of managerial staff and irregular repair & maintenance service.
Online since: October 2020
Authors: Michaela Kostelecká, Šárka Nenadálová, Lukáš Balík, Lucie Kudrnáčová
Brick fragment was saturated with water to a degree usually corresponding to common humidity of uninsulated underground brickwork of historic buildings.
Presented results provide the professional public with basic orientation, specify estimate of drying time in comparison with already used estimate based on Cadierques relationship and provide stimulus for further research. 3.
Experiment Results Monitored parameter of performed tests was diffusion flow of water vapours, i.e. speed of transport of water vapours through surface finish of samples to the surrounding environment under above described conditions.
Results of diffusion flow of water vapours for individual treatments are visible from the following table 3.
Water vapour resistance factors of three wall surface finishing.
Presented results provide the professional public with basic orientation, specify estimate of drying time in comparison with already used estimate based on Cadierques relationship and provide stimulus for further research. 3.
Experiment Results Monitored parameter of performed tests was diffusion flow of water vapours, i.e. speed of transport of water vapours through surface finish of samples to the surrounding environment under above described conditions.
Results of diffusion flow of water vapours for individual treatments are visible from the following table 3.
Water vapour resistance factors of three wall surface finishing.