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The elastic modulus is dependent on the fatigue load condition and the accumulated number of the load cycles.
The fitting constants are obtained, and the fitted equation is used to describe the degradation of Young’s modulus at N number of cycles.
However, the drawing process of the wires to 55% reduction of the area has resulted in finer grains in the cross-sectional area, while the longitudinal section displays elongated grains along the drawing direction with reduced pearlite interlamellar spacing (see Fig. 2 (c) and (d)).
Such grain refinement is due to the increased number of dislocations in the wire material during the drawing process.
The drawing process to 55% reduction resulted in finer grains in the cross-sectional area and elongated grains along the drawing direction in longitudinal section, which increased the strength of the wires.

The multiphase metal behaves as a composite in which soft grains deform more than hard grains.
Pairs of adjacent grains are constituted by random selection in the total grain sampling.
Taylor FC ALAMEL FE-bricks FE-octo Number of time steps 20 20 30 30 CPU time 6 min. 7 min. 4 h 13 h Table 1 Comparison of the models with regard to CPU time (on a Pentium IV 1.7GHz).
In b.c.c. grains, slip systems are of the {110}<111> and {112}<111> type, whereas {111}<110> slip systems are active in f.c.c. grains.
In the present analysis, the grain size was uniform whereas f.c.c. grains are about 5 times smaller than b.c.c. grains in the real metal.

Introduction There are two main kinds of electrical steel fully processed grain used in transformer and non grain used in induction motor.
This is in accordance with the requirements of the standard application of these products are for the grain transformer and non grain to the motor / generator.
Figure 3.3 shows the loss curve for M6 Grain grades from grade M235-35A is Non Grain.
Grain steel output process, with a special texture Goss, is more complex than the Non Grain with a strong fiber texture, and this is reflected in higher prices of grain grade.
All metals and many non-metals have some sort of response to magnetic fields, and this response is measured by a number of magnetic properties.

The number of glass phases is less.
And the deviation of size of crystal grains is not big.
When the content of ZrO2 is 9.0wt%, there are some tiny crystal grains, many thick crystal grain and glass phases.
And tiny crystal grains distribute non-uniform.
This stress becomes compressed stress through Al2O3 crystal grain passing to grain boundaries.

With hydrogen content increasing, the structure of TC21 production using hydrogenated powder by die forming and sintering gets well and the grain size becomes smaller.
With hydrogen content of increasing, the number of pores and the porosity showed a decreasing trend, the density of sintered body showed an increasing trend.
The number sintered body pores of TC21 powder with hydrogen content of 0.22 wt% was a minimum, the lamellar and needle-like structure was the thinnest, and the duplex structure was the maximum.
With hydrogen content increasing, the recrystallization appeared in grains of sintered body, grains boundary become vague, grains occurred breaking, new grains boundary become clear, duplex grains become more and more, grains size become smaller.
All of the phase transitions were favorable for recrystallization and grain size breaking of sintered body of hydrogenated titanium powder by die forming and sintering, as well as, it make for the sintered body has low porosity, refinement microstructure and higher performance.

These precipitates located at austenite grain boundary or in austenite grains.
Carbides at austenite grain boundary formed a continuous network and carbides in austenite grains were unevenly distributed.
Iron liquid temperature near interface rapidly fallen below solidus lines, a larger number of carbides nucleus were formed.
When neighbouring grains contacted with each other, grains growths were stopped.
Grains would stop growth for a short time because of the present of a large number of nuclei, which resulted in significant refinement of microstructure.

During this process, strip temperature is of great importance for controlling metallurgical transformation and grain size.
Introduction In cold-rolling process, the grains of steel are flatten, internally distorted and hardened by strain.
As the heating temperature rises, the microstructure and mechanical properties of steel go through three stages of transformation, recovery, recrystallization and grain growth.
Numerical results In this paper, the grid number in width direction is set to 20.
The number of tracer point along the length direction of strip is set to 300, so the grid Fourier number is about 10-3~10-4, depending on strip speed.

Result show that the grains size decrease with the increment of dopant amount.
Meanwhile, ZrxNi1-xO with x= 0.10 grain size decrease compared to x=0.01 and also promotes abnormal grain growth.
The abnormal grain growth might be due to ZrO2 phases that segregate at the grain boundaries [7].
The results revealed that a small amount of ZrO2 gives an effect on the grain size.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to acknowledge the materials and mineral resources engineering, USM and short term grant under project number (No. 814184) REFERENCES [1] J.

Medium size of the grains (about 30 nm) was obtained after 110 hours of milling.
Mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the steels depend on their grain size, porosity as well as the size and distribution of the phases formed during their processing.
As can be seen. the number and the medium size of pores in the steel obtained by impulse plasma sintering of nanocrystalline powders are much lower than those formed in the steel obtained by conventional sintering of commercial Höganäs powders.
The steel shows nanocrystalline structure (medium size of the grains is 56 nm for ferritic phase and 74 nm for austenitic one).
Medium size of the grains in the nanocrystalline steel are 74 nm for austenite phase and 56 nm for ferrite one.

However, the higher sintering temperature results in larger the grain size, which causes the reduction of the resistivities of Mg-Mn-Zn ferrites.
Then, the initial permeabilities of samples were computed out according to the measured inductances, toroid sizes and the number of windings.
The grain size of sample sintered at 1100oC (Fig.4a) is small and the ferrite is not fully sintered.
With the increase of sintering temperature, the grain grows and the densities of ferrites increase.
However the higher sintering temperature leads to larger grain size, the larger grains cause the reduction of the resistivity of Mg-Mn-Zn ferrites.