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Previous research has reported that the better way to emulsify squalene is to use multicomponent shell materials.
Gelatin and arabic gum were chosen as shell materials because of their excellent emulsifying properties.
Spray drying has some drawbacks, e.g., high drying temperature and the wall materials should be highly soluble in water[9, 10].
Materials and methods Materials Squalene of 99.0 % purity, methanol was HPLC grade, gelatin and arabic gum analytical grade, n-hexane analytical grade, maltodextrin and sucrose ester were food grade.
(a) 28 kHz (b) 45 kHz (c) 100 kHz Fig.4 Metallographic microscopes of the emulsion at different frequency The reasonable ratio of shell materials Multicomponent shell materials including gelatin, arabic gum, maltodextrin and sucrose ester were chosen[8].

Prajitno, Efrizon Umar Center for Applied Nuclear Science and Technology (PSTNT)-BATAN Jl.
[13] Saleh R., Putra N., Prakoso S.P., Septiadi W.N., (2013), Experimental investigation of thermal conductivity and heat pipe thermal performance of ZnO nanofluids, International Journal of Thermal Sciences 63, pp. 125-132
[16] Syarif, D.G. and Prajitno, D.H., (2013), Characteristics of Water-ZrO2 Nanofluid Made from Solgel Synthesized ZrO2 Nanoparticle Utilizing Local Zircon, Journal of Materials Science and Engineering B 3 (2), pp. 122-127
[18] Rajaeiyan, A., and Bagheri-Mohagheghi, M.M., (2013), Comparison of Urea and Citric Acid Complexing Agents and Annealing Temperature Effect on the Structural Properties of 𝛾- and 𝛼-Alumina Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol-Gel Method, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering Volume 2013, ArticleID791641, pp. 1-9, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/791641
[23] Lertpanyapornchai, B., Yokoi, T., Ngamcharussrivichai, C., (2016), Citric acid as complexing agent in synthesis of mesoporous strontium titanate via neutral-templated self-assembly sol-gel combustion method, Mesoporous and Microporous Materials 226, pp.505-509

In most cases, observation of cross section can provide more important information concerning the microstructure of layered materials, composite materials, multilayer films, fibrous materials and powders than surface observation alone.
As a result, it is both a science and art to prepare highly-polished cross section of these materials.
CP could widely be applied to the soft materials (Cu, Al and polymers), hard materials that is difficult to machine (ceramics and glasses) and composite materials with different hardness.
So comparing to mechanical polishing and FIB method, the advantages of the CP method include: (1) High quality cross-section of soft materials, hard materials and composite materials
Terasaki: Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal. (2010), p. 107

The TBC and bond coat were modeled as elastic-viscoplastic materials.
Takeuchi: Materials Science and Engineering A 189 (1994), p. 301
Taylor: Materials Science and Engineering A299 (2001), p. 296
Kokini: Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials Vol. 6 (2002), p. 171
Taylor: Materials Science and Engineering A Vol. 323 (2002), p. 70

Suryanarayana, Mechanical alloying and milling, Progress in Materials Science 46 (2001) 1-184
Torralba, Mechanically alloyed AlN particle - reinforced Al 606 matrixcomposites: Powder processing, consolidation and mechanical strength and hardness of as - extruded materials, Materials Science and Engineering A 426 (2006) 85-94
Velasco, P/M aluminum matrix composites: an overview, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 133 (2003) 203-206
Lai, Recent developments in the fabrication of metal matrix-particulate composites using powder metallurgy techniques, Journal of Materials Science 29 (1994) 1999-2007
Materials and Design Vol. 684-688 (2006), p. 27.

Non-engineered FGMs include materials that naturally exhibit graded microstructure and properties (for example, bamboo[6]) as well as man-made materials and structures showing graded behavior due to other factors, such as construction practices, aging of materials and temperature dependent material properties.
Hilton [7] and Christensen [8] provided detailed overview on the constitutive relationships for viscoelastic materials.
Paulino: Journal of Applied Mechanics Vol. 69-4 (2002) p. 502-14 [3] Suresh, S., and Mortensen, A., "Functionally Graded Materials," The Institute of Materials, IOM Communications Ltd., London, 1998
Rabin, eds., "Functionally Graded Materials: Design, Processing and Applications," Kluwer Acedemic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1999
Kim: Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering Vol. 29-1(2007) p. 63-81

Over the past two decades it has been established that composite materials are the leading emerging materials.
Also the composite materials play an important role in maintaining the eco-friendly design requirements.
In order to acquired and desired results natural materials alone do not meet requirements, but along with the composite materials challenges could be met.
Experimental Materials and Methods: Roselle fibre is taken as matrix material because of its strength and impact properties and it is used in the short form of fibre in the range of 2 to 4 mm.
Gaitonde, (2012), “Mechanical and physical characterization of agricultural waste reinforced polymer composites”, Journal of material environmental science, Vol. 3, pp 907-916 [13] Vijay Kumar Thakur and Amar Singh Singha, (2010), “Physio-chemical and mechanical characterization of natural fibre reinforced polymer composites”, Iranian Polymer journal, Vol. 19, pp 3-16

Rout, A review on mechanisms and recent developments in p n heterojunctions of 2D materials for gas sensing applications, Journal of Materials Science 56 (2021) 9575-9604
He, Nanostructured of SnO2/NiO composite as a highly selective formaldehyde gas sensor, Journal of Materials Research 35(22) (2020) 3079-3090
Patil, Influence of Annealing Temperature on Structural and Electrical Properties of Screen Printed Lanthanum Oxide Thick Films, Iranian Journal of Materials Science & Engineering 19(4) (2022)
Xu, Nanostructured metal oxide heterojunctions for chemiresistive gas sensors, Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11(44) (2023) 23742-23771
Cao, Rapid detection of low concentration CO using Pt-loaded ZnO nanosheets, Journal of hazardous materials 381 (2020) 120944

It was discovered that the acquired data were able to function as reliable material input data as they were comparable with related data available in the Cadmould software materials’ database.
Experimental Materials and compound preparation Natural rubber (NR) was purchased from Kumpulan Guthrie Sdn.
Arrillaga, et al., "Evaluation of injection-molding simulation tools to model the cure kinetics of rubbers," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 123, pp. 1437-1454, 2012
Wargin, "Determination of true flow curves from capillary rheometer data," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 12, pp. 123-129, 1968
Ariff, "Melt rheology and injection moulding of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) using a capillary rheometer," Ph.D, Materials and Mineral resources Engineering, Ph.D thesis, Univesiti Sains Malaysia, 2003

International Journal of Engineering Technology Science and Research, 5(4) (2018) 988–933
International Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 2(2) (2014) 152–157
Materials & Design, 92 (2016) 949 – 959
ACI Materials Journal, 103(1) (2006) 45
International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 14 (2020) 1–16