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The reduction of the device performance can be explained by the radiation-induced lattice defects in the devices.
Therefore, data accumulation of the irradiation effects in semiconductor devices is very important.
Reduction of mobility is mainly due to the interface states formed by electron irradiation at the interface of the Si channel and the gate oxide film [8].
Furthermore, no significant reduction in electron mobility due to strain relaxation could be observed in the Si1-xCx S/D n-MOSFETs after irradiation.

According to the results, the non-linear characteristic of the concrete material exhibited in the loading process is reflected by the phenomenon that the slope of the later stage shows some reduction in the simulated load - loading point displacement curve.
(a) The beam specimen model (b) The column specimen model Fig.1 The numerical simulation models Fig.2 Typical load vs. loading point displacement The non-linear characteristic of the concrete material exhibited in the loading process is reflected by the phenomenon that the slope of the later stage shows some reduction in the simulated load - loading point displacement curve.
Critical curve and fracture criterion of concrete fracture derived from numerical simulation Through the analysis of results of numerical simulation, it is in appropriate to fit the Ⅰ-Ⅱmixed mode, Ⅰ-Ⅲ mixed mode or Ⅰ-Ⅱ-Ⅲ mixed mode data with a curve or surface.
In the absence of actual test data or lack of laboratory equipment, numerical simulation is still an effective estimation method, and the results can be adopted for engineering projects.

Reduction of forces cause the tools to be more strong, but this reduction of expense in comparing with expenses for buying coolant, making ready, washing pieces and cleaning machinery cannot be exploited and dry machining is better.
The reduction temperature which is made on tool is 2.5 percent.
This reduction of force and also temperature, in machining 5083 has less effect on strength of the tool that if we compare with the expenses for making ready the coolant, cleaning the machinery and machined pieces would be less than the other.
Table 2: Cutting test data Simulation Result Experimental Result T(℉) Error T(℉) Wet T(℉) Dry Fc(N) Error Fc(N) Wet Fc(N) Dry Fc(N) Error Fc(N) Wet Fc (N) Dry v (m/min) t1 (mm) t0 (mm) -1 % 297 300 +8 % 54 50 -13% 52 60 25 0.40 0.044 1 -1.6 % 299 304 -8.4 % 55 60 -12% 58 66 50 0.25 0.044 2 +2 % 417 409 +3.6 % 85 82 -8% 83 90 26 0.33 0.094 3 -6 % 457 484 -5.6 % 85 90 -14% 79 92 52 0.38 0.094 4 -2.7 % 390 401 -20 % 80 100 -11% 104 117 24 0.43 0.141 5 -2 % 429 438 +3.1 % 98 95 -17% 108 131 48 0.60 0.141 6 -5.5 % 448 474 -8 % 140 152 -17% 121 147 24 0.64 0.188 7 +0.6% 513 511 -7.5 % 148 160 -5% 144 153 47 0.68 0.188 8 -3 % 474 489 +4.7 % 220 210 2% 193 189 25 0.52 0.282 9 -3.5 % 533 552 -4.3 % 220 230 11% 205 185 49 0.75 0.282 10 -2.3 % 504 516 0 % 300 300 56% 248 158 22 0.27 0.380 11 -5.2 % 543 573 +1.6 % 305 300 54% 290 188 45 0.90 0.380 12 There are many applications where cutting is carried out dry, in air, with no advantage being found in the use of a cutting fluid.
Comparison of experimental data in dry and coolant machining References [1] E.O.

Thus, the failure of packaging materials is one of the most important reasons of lifetime reduction of the whole LED models.
In order to monitor the luminance varying during aging test, online test was designed to acquire the luminance data.
Then, the computer collected the measuring data by acquisition software.
Thus only the luminance reduction was regarded as failure criterion.
Moreover, the pure chip sample had a relatively high reliability for the luminance reduction was only 8%.

Introduction Magnetic materials are widely used as essential components for a large variety of industrial and technological applications including, and not limited to, automotive industry, consumer electronic, data storage and processing, and next generation microwave (MW) devices [1-8].
Since M-type has a significantly higher saturation magnetization than Co2Y (more than double), the presence of 10% of this phase in the sample (from XRD data) should lead to a significant increase in saturation magnetization with respect to Co2Y, contrary to the observed value which is almost identical to that for Co2Y.
This substitution for Fe ions may occur partially at the 3bVI site, which is responsible for the reduction in the strength of the superexchange interactions as argued in the context of discussing the magnetic data of this sample.
Since the hyperfine parameters of different magnetic phases with different structural symmetries are generally different, full analysis of the spectra of these samples was carried out in order to support the results of the structural and magnetic data.
This reduction in saturation magnetization was accompanied by a noticeable reduction in the hyperfine fields of the Mg-substituted Y-type hexaferrite.

PCA is a data analysis and reduction technique widely used in the method of statistical analysis, which is suitable to evaluate multivariate objectively.
Standard processing of the original data can homogeneity of data set reflected the rate of contribution for each parameter.
Three major data standardization method are data centralization, deviation standardization and data normalization.
Table 2 gives the standardize data of parameters, which calculated by centralizing data from the raw date of parameters with 0 mean and 1 variance.
The data in each row of Table 5 representative the weight of variables for each principal component.

(3) Reduction of sludge AMAO process can also adopt multilevel AO operation mode in turn, and to control the sludge concentration for reducing the sludge amount. ① Sludge reduction is realized through multilevel AO alternate operation mode based on the theory of metabolic decouple.
The process for controlling the low DO aeration mainly includes main parts: One is the model building process, that is, through the analysis of the historical operation data or online operation data about the specific sewage treatment plant, to determine some characteristic parameters and compensation parameters shown in the process of biological treatment.
Even under broken DO instrument, according to the model of the historical data and some proposed parameters, the system still can ensure the safe operation of the aeration basin, on condition that you need to increase the safety control redundancy against the disturbance.
In August 2011, the operation data as show below (water feeding from grit chamber, while water outlet from secondary sedimentation tank).
We can see from the operation data that reduction of the DO value did not cause negative influence on the removal efficiency of the pollutants, meanwhile, BOD5, COD and NH4+-N all can reach the emission standard level A, SS meet the emission standard level B, TP close to the level 1 of the emission standard.

The experimental data were collected through the video recording of the domain during a two-phase flow on a transparent porous medium.
Image processing To calibrate the parameters of our model using actual data acquired from our experiments, it is important to establish a means to compare the outcomes of the numerical simulations with the empirical data.
Given that our numerical model replicates the material dispersion across the porous medium, it becomes essential to devise a methodology for approximating the material dispersion within the experimental domain by leveraging the accumulated data.
This operation facilitates improved differentiation of image features and patterns, contributing to enhanced interpretability and analysis of the experimental data.
Hence, the results were consistent with the experimental data, although they missed certain aspects of the fluid displacement.

Furthermore, the UV-Vis analysis data shows the typical absorption of GO at 232 nm and 301 nm, while at 266 nm and 278 nm, it belongs to graphite and rGO.
However, the GO reduction process requires chemicals such as hydrazine hydrate which are harmful to humans and the environment, thus an approach with the green synthesis method is urgently needed [7].
The AV extract contains various bioactive compounds, including phenolic and flavonoids, which can participate in the reduction reaction [14].
Moreover, the oxygen functional groups contained in GO have a significant reduction as indicated by a decrease in the interlayer spacing of rGO from 9.76 Å to 3.72 Å [19].
Summary In this study, rGO sheets were successfully synthesized by the green-reduction method.

Ball mill is one of the more intensive used equipment for milling-blending operations and its design is based, normally, on experimental data and some non-dimensional numbers for size scaling [1,2].
This work develops a simple theoretical model regarding the phenomena occurring during the process, and the experimental data obtained confirm its applicability for ball mill design.
Hence, given that the Relevance relation between superficial tension and inertial forces goes by the inverse of gravity, and the frequency goes by the square root of the gravity, increasing gravity will result in shorter processing time for the same powders, a further reduction is accomplish by means of the reduction in powder agglomeration.
Size reduction of Solids: Crushing and Grinding Equipment.
Process Engineering of Size Reduction: Ball Milling.