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Photonic Materials Section, Advanced Materials Research Centre (AMREC), SIRIM Berhad, Lot 34,Jalan Hi-Tech 2/3, Kulim Hi-Tech Park, 09000 Kulim, Kedah, MALAYSIA.
Spirooxazine and naphthopyran derivatives are an important class of photochemical materials [3,4].
Acknowledgment This research was supported by Ministry of Science, Technology and Inovation Malaysia (MOSTI) under e-Science Fund grant No. 03-03-02-SF0145.
Rudolf, Synthetic light-activated molecular switches and motors on surfaces, Progress in Surface Science, vol. 82, no. 7 (2007) 407-434
Journal Physics Chemical, vol. 106, no. 40, (2002) 9236-9241

Introduction Titanium materials have high heat resistance and high corrosion resistance.
Materials.
Chatterjee, Aero-Engine Titanium from Alloys to Composites, Materials Science Forum , 618/619 (2009),127-134
Tanaka, High Speed Milling of Titanium Alloy, Advanced Materials Research, 325 (2011), 387-392
Adamus, Stamping of titanium Sheets, Key Engineering Materials, 410/411 (2009), 279-288

Li, A study on hot extrusion of Ti–6Al–4V using simulations and experiments, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 44 (2002) 2415-2425 [2] S.
Łojkowski, Strengthening of a Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy by means of hydrostatic extrusion and other methods, Materials Science & Engineering A, 515 (2009) 43-48 [3] R.
Muddle, Low-temperature compaction of Ti–6Al–4V powder using equal channel angular extrusion with back pressure, Materials Science & Engineering A, 490 (2008) 171-180 [4] D.
Gibbitas, Consolidation of Titanium, and Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Powders by Powder Compact Forging, Materials Science Forum, 618-619 (2009) 513-516 [5] V.
Key Engineering Materials, 520 (2012) 70-75 [7] F.

Many researches have verified that magnetic field, as an effective external field, can be applied not only to ferromagnetic but also to non-ferromagnetic materials, and provide us a new approach to material preparation and property control.
Wang and D.Z Yang: Journal of Functional Materials Vol.36 (2005), p.35 [10] X.N.
Liu: Materials Review Vol.16 (2002), p.25 [11] H.
Asamitsu: Science Vol.270 (1995), p.961 [12] M.
Lu: Journal of Iron and Steel Research Vol.12 (2000), p.27 [15] S.

Material Properties.
Poisson's ratio μ of materials.
Journal of Structural Division[J], 1975, 101(ST2): 398－416
Journal of harbin architecture college. 1986, (2): 59－71.
Science press house 2006.

The sensors are cementitious composites with the addition of conductive materials such as carbon fiber [2], carbon nanotube [3] and graphite powder [4].
“Piezoresistive Cement-Based Materials for Strain Sensing,” Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 13(9), 599-609
“Structural Health Monitoring using Piezoresistive Cementitious Composites,” 2nd Int’l Conf. on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies, June 28-30, 2010, Universita Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
“Effect of Carbon Fiber and Graphite Powder on Resistivity of Cement-Based Sensor under Compression,” KMUTNB International Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Vol. 7, issue 1
“Standard Test Method for Creep of Concrete in Compression,” American Standard of Testing and Materials, 2010.

Introduction Magnesium alloys are the lightest structural materials with high strength-to-weight ratio, good electrical/heat conductivity and damping properties.
Furthermore, many researches were done recently in order to use it as bio implant materials [1, 2].
Okido, Formation of vanadate conversion coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy, in Norbert Hort et al (Eds.), Magnesium technology 2013, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 2013
Okido, Corrosion Science, 63, 5 (2012)
Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 153 (10), B417–B424.

Experimental material and procedure As an experimental material secondary AlSi9Cu3 cast alloy (prepared by the recycling of aluminium scrap) was used, which was received in the form of circular bars (ø 20 x 300 mm).
The experimental material was not modified or grain refined.
Chalupová: Materials Science Vol. 18 3 (2012) p. 228
Chalupová: International Journal of engineering Vol.
Mellor, International Journal of Fatigue 27 (2005) p. 1564

Effects on the As-cast Structure of 7075 Aluminum Alloy by Treating with Electrical Pulse Inoculation Zhongyuan Sun1, 2, a Yu Liang1, 2, b Lingfeng Yu1, 2, c Zhiyi Shi 1, 2, d 1School of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550003, China; 2The Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior and Microstructure of Materials, Guizhou, Guiyang 550003, China afxmzszy@163.com, bxq.liangyu@126.com, c1041913478@qq.com, d191618474@qq.com Keywords: Electrical Pulses Inoculation; 7075 Aluminum Alloy; As-cast Structure; Microsegregation Abstract.
GY〔2010〕3028), and also thanks the Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Mechanical Behavior and Microstructure of Materials for the project support.
(In Chinese) [4] Shuxian He, Jun Wang: The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, Vol.12 (2002), pp.426-429.
(In Chinese) [10] Jianzhong Wang, Jingang Qi etal: The theory and application of electric impulse current on the molten metal (Science Press, Beijing2011), pp.248-249.
(In Chinese) [11] Jingang Qi, Jianzhong Wang etal: Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, Vol.27(2006), pp.38-39.

,Chongqing 400013 2 College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030 3 Tangshan Iron and Steel Plate Material Co., Ltd.
Physical parameters of materials [10] Steel Grade Specific heat J/Kg-K Density Kg/m3 Thermal conductivity w/m-K Latent heat KJ/Kg Liquidus K Solidus K Q235 454+0.20T 7813-0.34T 56-0.02T 264.5 1790 1723 In order to facilitate understanding, some parts of beam blank named as Fig.5 in the present work.
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2003, 34(5): 685-705
Journal of Materials and Metallurgy, 2008, 1.
Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2008, 6