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Bisphenol A bis( diphenyl phosphate) oligomer (BDP) as flame retardants (FR) was synthesized, whose structure was characterized by IR. 30% weight BDP was doped into epoxy resins (EP) to get 26.2 % of LOI and UL 94 V-0.
Fig 4 SEM micrographs of the char of EP-1 Fig 5 SEM micrographs of the char of EP-4 Characterization of the char structure Figs. 4-5 present the SEM photographs of the surface of char of the EP composites (EP-1, EP-4).
The swollen char structure provides a good barrier to the transfer of heat and mass during the fire, thus suppressing combustion and increasing the LOI.
Ellis, Chemistry and Technology of Epoxy Resins, Blackie Academic & Professional: London (1993) [3] H.
May, Y.Tanaka, Epoxy Resins Chemistry and Technology, 2nd Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc.: New York (1988) [5] J.

We demonstrate that the chemical oxidation process arising from the bath chemistry can result in significant changes in solar cell characteristics.
Such high efficiencies are enabled by the cell structure, with the absence of front side metal shading, which can then be optimised from optical and passivation perspectives.
A schematic diagram of such a solar cell structure is presented in Figure 1.
In both cases, the process time was fixed at 10 minutes, in a bid to examine the impact of the cleaning solution chemistries.
To quantify the origin of these resistive differences, contact resistance was measured on circular transmission line measurement structures, for both emitter and BSF doped regions.

CuPc is crystallized in two structures, a - and β – structure [1].
The β – structure is more stable in thermal and chemical than a -structure [1, 2].
This structure has a planar structure with D4h point symmetry.
The β-CuPc structure has monoclinic structure with P21/a space group symmetry which contains 2 CuPc molecules (or equivalently 114 atoms).
Lokesh, Studies on polymorphic modification of copper phthalocyanine, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 177 (2004) 1987-1993 [3] N.

Research of High-power Underwater Explosive Based on Analysis of Underwater Energy Qiuan Huang1, a,Gengguang Xu2,b,Yongjiang Wei and Xuemei Liu3,c 1,2,3School of Mechatronical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing,China ahuangqiuan@126.com, balijason204@gmail.com, cshieryuexue1219@126.com Keywords: underwater explosion; energy output structure; high-power explosives Abstract: In this paper,by researching the underwater energy output structure of explosion and improving the technical method to enhance the energy of underwater high-power explosive,a new type of underwater high-power PBX explosive was developed.
Introduction As an important class of combat weapon for Navy underwater weapon such as torpedo,naval mine,depth charge and so on,unusually has strong damage capability to underwater and overwater targets[1].As the damage principle of underwater weapons is different from that of land and shipborne weapons,the standard of charging structure to underwater weapons is very different.With the development of modern ships of which the attack ability and protective capability have been improved,the power of explosives used for underwater weapons is required for higher level[2]. 2.
output structure also reflects proportion of shock wave energy and bubble in the exothermic of non-ideal components.The energy using heating water is mianly from bubble expansion of power.Energy output structure provides the basis for reducing the energy loss and improving the energy utilization l[3].
Total energy of underwater explosion can be regarded as the effective energy explosive.The mian idea of study the relationship between formulation and energy output structure,is to increase the total explosion energy based on reasonable distribution of shock wave energy and bubble energy. 2.2 The technical approach of underwater powerful explosives The formula design of underwater powerful explosives is a very complicated subject.It does not only include the research on energy structure properties by underwater explosion,but also involves many subjects such as mechanics, chemistry,physics,charging process and cost.There are many problems which remain to be researched.In this paper,we study of explosive energy.And the technical approachs of underwater powerful explosivesidentified we used in underwater weapons described as follows: (1)The loss of explosive energy increases with the increase of explosion pressure.The improvement of explosion heat is increased the output energy of explosion.Therefore
Aluminized explosives and explosive energy design with meso system components are also closely linked,such as Al powder particle size,surface area and other factors affect meso explosion heat,detonation pressure, detonation velocity and energy of wavefront consumption.Charge density and the charge process also have a significant impact on the structure of energy output of aluminized explosives.Therefore,for the design of aluminized energy explosives,it should be calculated on the basis of repeated theoretical repeated experiments,in order to obtain a good overall performance for explosives[6]. 2.3 Formula design Explosive JULH-1 is made up of RDX as its main explosive,AP as its oxidizing agent,Al as its raw materials and HTPB as its binder.Making the raw materials to micor order or sub-nanometerorder by ultrafine grinding and using the technology of grain composition,several experiments of measuring energy output structure were carried out under water and some scientific and reasonable

They confirmed the 3DOM structure of LaMnO3 enhanced the mass transport process, and therefore improve the ORR.
This paper demonstrates a strategy to prepare porous pervoskite structure LaMnO3 via template method and sol-gol method.
The catalysts show a typical pervoskite structure with the increase of calcination temperature.
Kaliaguine: Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 181 (2008) p. 2953–2963
Munichandraiah: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 112 (2008) p.4406–4417.

zuoInclusion Complex of Dibenzoylmethane with β-cyclodextrin Xue-Zhen Ji1,a, Hui-Jun Liu1,b, Li-Li Wang1,c 1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China axuezhenji2010@163.com, bliuhuijun@vip.sina.com, cliliwang2010@126.com Keywords: Dibenzoylmathane; β-cyclodextrin; Dissolution properties; inclusion rate Abstract: The inclusion complex of dibenzoylmathane(DBM)with β-cyclodextrin(β-CD)was studied.
Introduction Molecular recognition [1,2] has been an intensely studied field of chemistry in recent years.
Fig3 standard concentration of DBM Fig4 Possible structure of the inclusion complex of DBM with β-CD The results show the absorb of FT-IR about the carrier β-CD, the physical mixture and inclusion complex of DBM and β-CD in [Fig5].
Harris, Dibenzoylmethane induces cell cycle deregulation in human prostate cancer cells, Cancer Letters,178 (2002):161–165 [13] Mekki Kadri, Rayenne Djemil, Inclusion complexes of N-sulfamoyloxazolidinones with β-cyclodextrin, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 15(2005):889–894 [14] Wieslawa Misiuk, Magdalena Zalewska Investigation of inclusion complex of trazodone hydrochloride with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, Carbohydrate Polymers, 77(2009):482–488

Electro-generation of Furfural Alcohol in Ni-P-mCMC/mCS Bipolar Membrane Equipped Electrolysis Cell Xiao Chen1,a, Yanyu Hu 1,b, Zhenzhen Guo1,c, Riyao Chen1,d, Xi Zheng1,d, Zhen Chen1, 2, c 1College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China 2Chemistry Department of Fujian Ningde Teachers College, Ningde 352100, China achenxiao@fjnu.edu.cn, bhjkx_hyy@163.com, czc1224@pub1.fz.fj.cn， drychen@fjnu.edu.cn Keywords: bipolar membrane; electroless nickel plating; electro-synthesis; phosphorylation Abstract The Ni-P-mCMC/mCS bipolar membrane (BPM) was prepared by carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) modified with phosphorylated agent as the cation exchange layer, and chitosan (CS) modified with glutaraldehyde (GA) as the anion exchange layer.
The big drop corresponding to the disruption of the polymer structure has been found above 245˚C.
[6] F.G.Wilhelm,Vegt Van der, N F A, Wessling M,et al.Journal of Electroanalytic Chemistry. 502(2001):152~166 [7] Simons, R.
Chen, X.Zheng, Chinese Chemical Letters 18 (2007):1411(In Chinese) [12] Y.X.Ren, Z.Chen, R.Y.Chen, Central European Journal of Chemistry 5(2007):177(In Chinese) [13] C.X.Xu, R.Y.Chen, X.Zheng, J Membrane Sci 307(2008):218(In Chinese) [14] Rao R, Dandekar a ,Baker R T K,et al.

Vapor-liquid equilibrium for binary systems of methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone Xiao Li a, Yunren Qiu b School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Resources Chemistry of Nonferrous, Ministry of education, China alixiao_csu@yahoo.com.cn, bqiu_yunren@yahoo.com.cn Keywords: Methyl Isobutyl Ketone, Methyl Ethyl Ketone, Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium, Distillation Abstract.
The MIBK and MEK concentration of each sample was measured at least three times, the accuracy of the equilibrium composition measurements was within ±0.001 mole fraction. 1: Discharging port, 2: Boiling device, 3: Inner heater, 4: Liquid sample outlet, 5: Vapor room, 6: Vapor-liquid riser, 7: Vapor-liquid separator, 8: Thermometer casing, 9: Vapor condensing tube, 10: Vapor sample outlet, 11: Mixer Fig.1 The structure of improved Rose still The relative correction factors were calculated using Eq. (1) by the analysis of samples with known concentrations of analyte
Chen: Experiment of Physical Chemistry and Technology (East China University of Science and Technology Press, China 1990)

Thus, the combination of process technology and alloy chemistry should be explored to inhibit the grain growth during preheating prior to semsiolid processing.
Evolution of grain size and solid fraction during heating of the Mg-8%Al-2%Zn alloy deformed by extrusion [8] Role of alloy chemistry and post processing treatments For a given chemical composition of a magnesium alloy, the technique of component manufacture affects the microstructural factors, which control properties.
After conventional casting a substantial superheating above liquidus may cause changes in alloy chemistry due to evaporation or oxidation.
For example, heat treatment changes properties of the matrix as well as the structure and distribution of precipitates.

Absorption and Distribution of Heavy Metal in Erigeron breviscapus (Vant) Hand-Mazz Huabin Xiong1,2,a, Minghong Chen1,2,b, Xinxiang A3,c, Mengsheng Chen2,d, Yucheng Chen2,e, Yu Li2,f 1Key Laboratory of Ethnic Medicine Resource Chemistry，State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education，Yunnan University of Nationalities, Chenggong District, Kunming, China, 650500 2School of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yunnan University of Nationalities, Chenggong District, Kunming, China, 650500 3Biotechnology and Germplasm Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China, 650223 a344192363@qq.com, bcmhkm@yahoo.com.cn, cahope2002@163.com, d854062696@qq.com, e1045939138@qq.com, f645120420@qq.com Keywords: Heavy metal, Erigeron breviscapus (Vant) Hand-Mazz, Absorption, Distribution Abstract.
The phenomenon showed that translocation ability of lead is weak relative in plant body, and it is danger to structure and function of root and so as to effect normal growth and development of all plant.
The factors which influence absorption and accumulation in Erigeron breviscapus are link closely with from element category and concentration of heavy metal in soil, and depend on physical and chemistry characteristics of soil and different agriculture measurements.