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Evaluation of Organic Thin Film Solar Cells Using 3-Diode Equivalent Circuit Model with Inverted Diode Yuya Sakurada1,a, Yasuyuki Ota1,b, Hiroki Watanabe2, Hideyuki Murata2,c and Kensuke Nishioka1,d 1Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, 8892192, Miyazaki, Japan 2Graduate School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 9231292, Ishikawa, Japan ata10009@student.miyazaki-u.ac.jp (corresponding author), by-ota@cc.miyazaki-u.ac.jp, cmurata-h@jaist.ac.jp, dnishioka@cc.miyazaki-u.ac.jp Keywords: Organic solar cell, Equivalent circuit, 3-diode model with inverted diode, Heat treatment Abstract.
So far, the power conversion efficiency has steadily improved through the use of new materials and device structures.
However the electrical properties of bulk hetero junction organic solar cells depend on many factors such as the formation of interpenetrating network of p-type and n-type materials, and it is difficult to analyze the properties by the simple equivalent circuit model.
The cell consisted of PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythio phene):poly(styrenesulfonate)) as electrically conducting polymer molecule, P3HT(poly (3-hexylthiophene)) as p-type polymer molecule, PCBM([6,6]-phenyl -C61 butyric acid methyl ester) as n-type material of fullerene derivatives.
Charles: Microelectronics Journal, 39 (2008) 1173-1180

This technique assumes that the materials in each element is composed of an infinite number of microscopic cells containing varying degrees of solid and void thus forming a composite porous medium.
Conventionally, topology optimization of continuum structures is formulated as a minimum mean compliance problem under a material volume constraint.
In the first time, the constraint volume is 0.5, which means 50% of the material in the design domain is going to be removed.
The final result element material density nephogram of baffle after topology optimization is shown as Fig.4.
[4] Yoon Gil Ho, Kim Yoon Young: International Journal of Solids and Structures Vol.42(7) (2005), p.1983–2009

Design the key parameters of permanent magnetic materials The working point of permanent magnet is determined by magnetic resistance of external magnetic circuit
NdFeB is choosen as permanent magnetic materials, the demagnetization curve approximation to the liner, R0 can be considered as a fixed value
When external magnetic circuit parameters and the permanent magnet material is selected, Br , R , HC and Φm can be obtained
Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering, 2009, 28 ( 10): 1371–1378
Principle and Parameter Design of Hybrid Magnetic Axial Bearings.Journal of Applied Sciences, 2006,24(1):94-98

Introduction In practical engineering, mixed mode fractures of material are commonplace.
The use of a cohesive zone model to study the fracture of fiber composites and adhesively-bonded joints [J] International Journal of Fracture,2003,119(4): 25–46
Simulation of Propagation and Localization of Minute Cracks near a Mode II Crack Tip under Compressive Stresses [J].Materials Science Forum, v 440-441, p 137-144, 2003
Key Engineering Materials, v 261-263, n II, p 1557-1562, 2004
Fracture coalescence in rock–tyoe materials under uniaxial and biaxial compression[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci and Geomech Abstract,1998,35(7):863-889.

Investigation on the in vitro Degradation and Release Behaviors of Calcium Phosphate Containing Chinese Medicine XH Yu 1, SX Qu 1, a , YR Liu 1, R Shen 1 , XH Li1 , W Zhao 2 , and J Weng 1, b 1 Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China 2 Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China a mwbqsx@sina.com; bjwxm3503@sina.com Keywords: Calcium Phosphate; Chinese Medicine; Salvia Miltrorrhiza Bunge; Drug Delivery System; Simulated Body Fluid.
On the other hand, there are many Chinese Medicines have been used to facilitate bone healing in Chinese medical science [3].
Materials and Methods Preparation of Ca/P Powders Ca/P powders containing Chinese Medicine were prepared as previously reported [4].
West China Journal of Stomatology Vol. 14 (1996), p. 104
Materials Letters Vol. 57 (2003), p. 2066.

Sintering along with hipping is normally required for better dense materials.
Raw material used in the experimental were Al powder(≥99.7% purity,100~200 mesh), Fe2O3 powder(≥99.5% purity and ~2m) and Na2SiO3 solution(density 1.526 g/cm3).The Na2SiO3 solution was measured 35 milliliter and the weight of the Fe2O3 was measured 150 gram.The weight ratio of Al powder and Fe2O3 powder was based on the following reaction. 2Al + Fe2O3 —— 2Fe + Al2O3 （1） The Fe2O3 powder was put into the drying oven at 150℃ for 12 hours.
References [1] F.GAO, Z.M.GUO, T.LIN:Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing(in Chinese),Vol.30 (2008) No.6,p.648
[11] Masanta M, Shariff S M, Roy Choudhury A:Materials science&engineering.
A, Structural materials: properties, microstructure and processing, Vol.528 (2011) No.16-17,p.5327

Introduction Hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramic with the chemical composition Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 is one of the most widely used as materials for bone grafting.
Materials and methods Synthesis of HA from Gypsum Waste Gypsum waste (Gw) was separated from impurities.
Laksono, J.Triyono, Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite powder from natural gypsum rock, Advanced Materials Research 893 (2014) 56-59
Rao, T.S Kannan, Synthesis and sintering of hidroxyapatite-zirconia composites, Material Science and Engineering C 20 (2002) 187-193
[8] German, R.M., Powder Metallurgy Science, 2th Edition, Metal Powder Industries Federation, New Jersey. 1994

Introduction Anahaw (Livistona rotundifolia), Buri (Corypha elata) and Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) are common Philippine plants whose leaves are being used as raw materials for making mats, fans, hats, raincoats and other decorative arrangements.
Wettability is an indicator of the surface energy of a material [2].
Hydrophobic materials are good for water-proofing crafts and containers while hydrophilic ones are ideal for dyeing.
Piskin: Turkish Journal of Chemistry 24 (2000), p. 275-285 [7] R.
Chu: Applied Surface Science 257 (2011), p. 3943-3947

The conservation of historical architectural heritage cannot be limited only to a series of isolated interventions on materials and structures, but must include also the maintenance or insertion of compatible uses, which can guarantee a continuous upkeep.
Since the method does not account for the deformability of the materials, the deformed geometry of the intrados of the arch was used considering the geometry measured by the laserscanner in the middle of the vault (Fig. 3).
The Open Civil Engineering Journal, 8-1(2014) 272-287
International Journal for Restoration of Buildings and Monuments 8-6 (2002) 573-590
Rozzi, A new numerical approach to the structural analysis of masonry vaults, Key Engineering Materials, 747(2017) 52-59

While measuring the surface topography of diamond grinding wheel with 3D measurement method, the measured data is nothing more than the information of the three dimensional profile of overall variation of height containing diamond grains, bond material and some measurement noise, which, doesn't contain any information such as material property, color or texture that could distinguish diamond grains from the bond material.
Acknowledgements The financial support for this research by the Key Project Program of the Joint Funds of NSFC-Guangdong of China (No.U0734008) and the General Project Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50675029) are greatly appreciated.
Fisher: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture.
Rowe: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture. vol.44(2004), p.1391 [5] Malkin S: Grinding technology: Theory and applications of machining with abrasives(llis Horwood Limited, Chicester England, 1989)
Warren: Journal of Materials Processing Technology.