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The latter condition implies that crack densities used in data reduction should be significantly lower than the saturation value [3] ρk,max when the distance between cracks ≈tk.
Data following Weibull distribution will have linear dependence.
Using linear fit to these data we obtain parameters m and σin0.
In Fig. 2 the Monte Carlo simulation results are compared with experimental data.
Experimental data are presented with symbols, three simulations as curves.

This is consistent with other published data.
This is caused by fluid acceleration due to the reduction in flow area.
The staggered alignment gives further reductions in pressure due acceleration and separation from the tube walls.
The pressure drop in these tubes is caused by the reduction in flow area as the flow moves towards the minimum gap.
These values are chosen to best fit to the data, supported by the single-phase CFD simulations presented in this paper.

For the stability study, the produced emulsions were stored at room temperature for a month and the size and zeta potential data were measured from day 1 to day 30 [16].
After day 5, a slight reduction was observed for the emulsified oils produced below the CMC, whereas a large reduction in zeta potential value was observed for the emulsified oil produced without surfactant.
As the pH value varied, into alkaline conditions (pH 10), a reduction in zeta potential values were observed again for all samples.
Guha, Synergistic effect of surfactant and salt mixture on interfacial tension reduction between crude oil and water in enhanced oil recovery, J.
Data 59 (2014) 89–96

Introduction The Rough Set (RS) is a data analysis theory.
It can findout valuable information from a large number of data.
We extracted the local statistical characteristics of facial expression recognition based on variable precision fuzzy multi-overlap, good processing data attribute reduction problem.
The USTC-NVIE database is our data source for the research.
This algorithm can guarantee to use less number of attribute data, and achieve the better segmentation purpose of the attribute data.

The steps of the presented algorithm are described as follows. 1) Obtain the software metrics data sets and quantify the software attributes. 2) Apply the ISOMAP algorithm to reduce the dimension of the data. 3) Divide the data into the training set and the testing set.
Experiments The effectiveness of the proposed model is tested on four data sets from NASA Facility Metrics Data Program [13].
One is to estimate the dimension of the high dimensional data.
Estimate the Dimension of the Data In ISOMAP, the intrinsic dimension of the high dimensional data is estimated by looking for the elbow of the curve of the residual variance.
In order to preserve more information of the original data, we respectively choose 10, 8, 6 and 8 as the dimension of the low dimensional data.

A significant reduction of the interface states density (from ~1.8´1012 to ~5.7´1011 cm-2eV-1) and, correspondingly, an increase in the carrier mobility (from ~19 to ~108 cm2V-1s-1) was found moving from N2O to POCl3 annealing.
In fact, while the annealing in N2O causes a ~20% increase of the resistivity with respect to the protected area (from 170±2 to 205±3 mΩ´cm), a significant reduction of the resistivity by a factor of ~3.2 (i.e. from 171±2 to 54±1 mΩ´cm) is observed after the thermal treatment in POCl3 ambient.
On the other hand, the significant resistance reduction after PDA in POCl3 indicates a much more efficient donor incorporation due to substitutional P, causing an overcompensation of the p+-type doped material.
Fig.4(a) shows a schematic representation of the 4H-SiC samples cross sectioned for SCM measurements, while Fig.4(b) and (c) show the electrically active dopant concentration profiles obtained by SCM data calibration (using the epitaxy and the substrate concentrations as references) on the samples processed in N2O and in POCl3, respectively.
A reduction of the interface states density (from ~1.8´1012 to ~5.7´1011 cm-2eV-1) and, correspondingly, an increase in the carrier mobility (from ~19 to ~108 cm2V-1s-1) was found moving from N2O to POCl3 annealing.

Bench Scale (left) and Pilot Scale (right) CSIR-Ti Reduction Units.
The flow meter was cold tested with water and incorporated into the reduction section in order to measure the molten salt-slurry recycle flow rate.
The measurable reduction in fluid pressure that results when a fluid flows through a constricted section of pipe is termed the Venturi effect.
From this data a correlation equation was developed to determine volumetric flow of molten salt at a set pump speed by measuring differential pressure in the venturi flow meter.
The equation was entered into the PLC and automated, thus constant readout of molten salt flow rate is provided to the operator for control purposes and data logged.

Points cloud data can be obtained quickly in the reverse process to built the 3D model and achieve product‘s rapid design.
Data processing includes point cloud processing, triangulation, and section lines interception.
The point cloud data processing is to import the point cloud into Geomagic software.
Noise reduction and fusion are carried to improve the accuracy of point cloud data.
The 2D section data of second step is input to CNC system.

Hydrostatic extrusion was recently proposed as an alternative method of grain size reduction down to nanometer scale in metallic materials.
In this context, hydrostatic extrusion has been proposed as an efficient way of grain size reduction down to nanometer scale [9-11].
The effectiveness of the process of hydrostatic extrusion in terms of grain refinement and high angle grain boundaries formation can be the most easily assessed and compared to other SPD methods in the case of technically pure aluminium for which a lot of data were collected in the literature.
These data clearly indicate that in the case of hydrostatic extrusion, similar refinement of the microstructure is achieved after significantly lower strain.
The formula (1) indicates that the higher the extrusion pressure (which is proportional to cross section reduction) the higher the temperature rise during the processing and thus the greater role of thermally activated processes in the microstructure evolution.

Mathematical modelling of the experimental polarisation curves was done using OriginPro Data Analysis & Graphing Software.
The scan begins at a low potential and so O2 reduction is strongly accelerated.
The cathodic line (Figure 2) seems to be following Tafel behaviour which indicates that the main cathodic reaction could be water reduction.
Water reduction is possible, according to thermodynamics, at potentials lower than –0.657 VSCE at pH = 7, –0.716 VSCE at pH = 8, –0.775 VSCE at pH = 9 and so on [18].
In the presence of dissolved O2, water reduction is masked by O2 reduction, except for the lowest potentials.