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Most stages have environmental impacts [4, 5], which include energy consumption, material consumption, air pollution, water pollution, solid wastes, etc.
For example, materials selected in design stage determine the product’s manufacturing processes and its reuse possibility.
For example, designers generate the final design to fulfill customers’ requirements; process planners change raw material into final product through manufacturing processes, while recyclers disassemble or decompose the final product into reusable components or recyclable materials.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51075300), Research Funding from Tianjin University of Science and Technology (No.20090407), Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (No. 10JCYBJC06800) and Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51005165).
Henriques: Journal of Cleaner Production.

Introduction Composite materials usually show advantages in practical industry applications because different reinforced materials are added.
For the experimental investigation, the bi-stable structure transforms from one stable state into another by a snap-through activated by an applied load which can be provided by the piezoelectric materials (such as PZT, MFC), the shape memory alloys (SMA, such as NiTi alloy) or the compression-testing machine.
Pellegrino, in: 46th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics & Materials Confer, Austin, Texas, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., (2005)
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Acknowledgments This paper was an output of the project CZ.1.05/2.1.00/01.0040 "Regional Materials Science and Technology Centre.
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Numerical Simulation of Stress Distribution of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy/LY12 Aluminum Alloy Diffusion Welded Joint Ling-ming Konga, Shuang-ming Dub,*, Yu-jie Xia and Jun-hui Li School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China aklming1988@163.com, b*shuangmingdu@163.com Keywords: Magnesium alloy, Aluminum alloy, Diffusion bonding, Stress distribution, Finite element analysis Abstract.
In the finite element model, when the temperature was higher than the annealing temperature, the plastic strain should be set to zero, meanwhile strain-hardening exponent of materials with higher temperature than the annealing one should also be set to zero [8].
In addition, the process of welding was to simulate stress field, so the yield strength and shear modulus of materials at different temperature were needed [9], and parameters under different states in the process of each simulation should be input.
References [1] B.Y.Huang: The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, Vol. 14 (2004) No.5, p.122
The Application of Computer in Materials Science (Mechanical Engineering Press,China 2003)

Wear is a process where the abrasive particles when slide over the soft material it will plough the surface of soft material and removes the material on the sides of the grove and subsequent sliding of abrasive will lead the material loss.
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Al2O3/Al and TiB2・Al2O3/Al-Cu composites,” Composites Science and Technology, vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 1341–1347
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Polymeric materials were considered dielectrics before detection of increase in conductivity on 12 orders in polyacetylene in 1977 [4].
As can be seen from the data, the dependence of resistivity from current for all materials was observed.
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Materials Protection .2000: P2-4 [5] Vlatsos A E.
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The phosphor materials play a critical role in the innovation of solid-state lighting, emitting phosphors with high saturated color and high light density have become the most promising material.
HNO3 (AR), H2O2(AR), TEOS(AR), C2H5OH(AR), C6H8O7(AR), Y2O3(AR) and Mg(NO3)2·6H2O(AR) were used as starting materials.
D: Synthesis and luminescence investigation of RE3+ (Eu3+,Tb3+ and Ce3+)-doped lithium silicate(Li2SiO3), Journal of luminescence(2009),p.1225 [9] H M Yang, M L Gong and H B Liang: Fine particle Sr2SiO4:Tb phosphor for the plasma display panel prepared by a combined approach, Materials Research Bulletin(2010),p.805 [10] L.
Liao: Photoluminescence properties of Y2O3:Tb3+ and YBO3:Tb3+ green phosphors synthesized by hydrothermal method, Materials Chemistry and Physic,119(2010), p.490 [11] Verma.
B:Inter-conversion of Tb3+ and Tb4+ state and its fluorescence properties in MO-Al2O3:Tb (M=Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba) phosphor materials, Solid State Sciences, 12, (2010) ,p.1146

These materials often cause disposal problems and environmental pollution[3-5].
Containing some toxic elements, manganese slag are definitely one of hazardous materials[7].
Composition ratio of cement raw material allocating proportion No.
Part II: Manganese separation and recovery from solution”, Hydrometallurgy, V. 89, N.3-4, Dec. 2007, pp. 160-177 [2]Hunsucker D.; Graves R., “Mechanical performances of experimental highway base and subbase layers containing by-product materials from a coal fired power plant: KY Route 3074, Kentucky Transportation Center”, 1993, pp. 85
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