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Alumina-carbon refractories are the prevalent family for slide gate application due to their superior thermo-mechanical properties.
This approach resulted in a material composite that jointly exhibits the thermo-mechanical properties and abrasion resistance of alumina based refractory and the corrosion resistance of magnesia based refractory.
This paper will present the properties, key limiting factors, and results of usage at three steel plants.
This advancement of carbon bonding has led to improvements in strength and thermo-mechanical properties, and as a result of this complex technology and further refinement, plate life has increased multi-fold.[] M.
The key thermo-mechanical properties were found similar to to the 1st generation material but a significant improvement in abrasion index was observed.

At a low level of PALF where aggregation was not a problem, stearic coating had an adverse effect on the mechanical properties due to the slippery PALF-rubber interface.
The high mechanical properties of PALF relateto its high cellulose content and low microfibrillar angle (14°) [6].
The most important factor influencing the properties of composites is the orientation of PALF and their aggregation.
Witayakran, All-cellulose composites from pineapple leaf microfibers: structural, thermal, and mechanical properties, Polym.
Amornsakchai, Improving the mechanical properties of short pineapple leaf fiber reinforced natural rubber by blending with acrylonitrile butadiene rubber.

Zhang b* School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia a l.chang@usyd.edu.au, bl.zhang@usyd.edu.au Keywords: Nanoindentation, mono-crystalline silicon, mechanical properties, phase transition Abstract: This paper investigates the "pop-in" behavior of monocrystalline silicon under nanoindentation with a Berkovich indenter.
It was found that with the experimentally determined area function of the indenter tip, the mechanical properties of silicon can be accurately calculated from the load-displacement data, that a pop-in event represents the onset of phase transition, and that a lower loading rate favours a sudden volume change but a rapid loading process tends to generate a gradual slope change of the load-displacement curve. 1.
There are two factors that may account for such variation.
With the experimentally determined area function of the indenter tip, the mechanical properties of silicon can be accurately calculated from the load-displacement data.
Munroe: Mechanical deformation in silicon by micro-indentation, J.

To improve response factors such as material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (Ra), and tool wear rate (TWR), Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array approach is utilised to design the trials and study the effects of different process parameters.
The method' performance is determined by input factors such as spark gap, gap voltage, current, dielectric utilised, and electrode and workpiece material[8,9].
Discharge initiation, plasma expansion, material erosion, debris removal, and discharge channel reconditioning in EDM are all influenced by the dielectric fluid's electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties.
Table 1: Input factors and their levels Input Factor Parameter level Current(I) 12,15,18 [A] Pulse on Time (Ton) 200,350,500 [µ sec] Pulse off Time (Toff) 65,100,135 [µ sec] Gap Voltage (V) 45 [V] Dielectric Medium Air Air pressure 4 [bar] Output Factors: ● MRR= π4D2 H/T …(Eq. 1) D=Top diameter of the hole(Workpiece) H=actual depth of the hole(depth of the hole -electrode wear(Workpiece)) T=Time taken by the trial ● EWR=π4D2 H/T …(Eq. 2) D=Top diameter of the Electrode H= Electrode wear height T=Time taken by the trial Fig.1: Tool electrode  Fig.2: Workpiece Table 2: Hastelloy Bar Chemical Compositions Grade C Mn Si Co P Fe Mo Ni Cr S W V Hastelloy C276 0.010 Max 1 Max 0.08 Max 2.5 Max 0.04 Max 4 -7 15-17 Bal 14.5-16.5 0.03 Max 3-4.5 0.35 Max Table 3: Thermal and physical properties of workpiece, tool and dielectric Element Specific Heat [J/g K] Melting point [K] Thermal conductivity [W/m K] Density
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering. 2017;231(3):497-512. doi:10.1177/0954408915611540

While there is a contradiction between the high mechanical strength and good conductivity.
In addition, also in mixing stage, lots of bubbles generate on the surface of carbon fiber and increase the porosity of concrete, resulting in reducing of concrete mechanical property.
The impacts of various factors on the basic properties of modified steel fiber conductive concrete are analyzed via orthogonal experimental design, and the optimal formula is established.
Experimental Material Properties.
The preparation process of conductive concrete seriously affects the dispersion of conductive filler in concrete matrix.

In this work, a mathematical model is developed to predict three-dimensional force components and axial torque of the rotating tool based on contact mechanic principle in relation to Al6061 temperature-dependent material properties.
The model shows the ability to be possibly adapted for different metallic material and physical properties.
To determine the effect of the welding parameters toward the success of defect free welding during the FSW process, a lot of interrelated parameters need to be accessed in order to have the most optimum process hence the controlling boundaries are to be recognized in form of measurable unit that affecting each other.
In addition, Fig. 2b shows the asymmetry properties of the process which favour to the direction of tool rotation.
Controlling boundaries are to be recognized in form of measurable unit that affecting FSW parameter.

Experiments revealed that FSF can be used to mechanically interlock steel balls and iron oxide with aluminum alloy and develop an aluminum metal matrix composite with improved magnetic properties.
Results are discussed in terms of microstructural observation, hardness and magnetic properties.
Many of modern technologies require composite’s properties that cannot be met by the conventional metal alloys, ceramics or polymeric materials. [1, 2] When in a composite the matrix is metal, it is termed as “metal matrix composite (MMCs)” [2].
Fe, Ni, Co are some examples of chemical elements capable of producing alloys with magnetic properties at ambient temperature.
Stirring time after the tool penetration (dwell time) is another important factor which affects the heat-input.

It should be noted that the degree of influence of individual secondary factors from the listed factors on the value of the generalized destruction coefficient practically remains constant when changing the process modes within the recommended limits.
The main variable factors affecting the value of these coefficients are the speed and angle of attack with known physical and mechanical properties of the material.
Avcu, Surface and tribological properties of powder metallurgical cp-ti titanium alloy modified by shot peening, Coatings. 13(1) (2023)
Jiang, Effect of shot peening on static and fatigue properties of self–Piercing riveting joints.
Szala, Effect of shot peening on the surface properties, corrosion and wear performance of 17-4PH steel produced by DMLS additive manufacturing, Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering. 21(4) (2021) 1–20

The paper is devoted to the practical implementation of the new torsion testing method for studying rheological properties of materials in a hot state.
Introduction One of the most important factors determining the flow of a material in the deformation zone is the flow stress (in Russian sources it is common to use the term strain resistance [1]).
Thus, the improvement of methods for determining the flow stress in order to improve the accuracy of describing the rheological properties of materials is an important and actual task [9-13].
The changes in flow stress during torsion testing Eq. 1 is true when the strain rate changes exponentially: , (6) while the change of strain on a surface of sample gauge satisfy the equation: , (7) where c is arbitrary coefficient affecting the duration of a test [16-17].
Illarionov [et al.], Effect of the strain rate on the properties of electrical copper, Russian Metallurgy (Metally). 3 (2011) 194-201

Results and discussions Mechanical Properties.
The mechanical properties after continuous annealing process were showed in Table 2.
Table2 Mechanical properties of the experimental steels No.
The mechanical properties of TWIP steels depend on stacking fault energy and study of stacking fault energy is for a long time, factors of impacting stacking fault energy include alloying elements, composition segregation, temperature, magnetism and so on[3,4].
The tested steels possessed excellent mechanical properties for the presence of twins.