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Fig. 1 and Table 1 show drawing, prototype and specifications of gearbox (reduction gear) in independent wheel drive installed at 2nd and 3rd axles of the tram.
The aluminum alloy has been chosen as housing material to consider pressure-resistance, corrosion-resistance, processing, casting characteristics, weight-reduction, and etc. [1] Fig. 2 Motor-gearbox set in independent wheel drive of the tram Table 1 Specifications of the gearbox in independent wheel drive pinion gear (input) transmission output gear driven driving gear type 2-steps helical gear (reduction ratio : 14.42:1) input torque 420 Nm input speed 6,000 rpm number of teeth 16 63 25 92 module 5 tooth width 50 mm Table 2 Mechanical properties of the gearbox housing material tensile strength (N/mm2) elongation (%) hardness (HB) aluminum (AC4C-T6) more than 220 more than 2 75 Temperature Characteristics Measurement.
Figs. 4 and 5 show measured data (vehicle running speed, temperatures) in the gearboxes in 2nd axle while the tram was running in summer or winter season.
Conclusions On the basis of measured data, maximum temperatures occurred on housing surface and in lubricant of the gearbox were 60~80 degree in the allowable limit (about 100 degree).

China a xulihua1966@263.net Keywords: SiAlON, Cabothermal reduction & nitridition, Thermodynamic analysis Abstract.
The process of Carbothermal Reduction and Nitridation (CRN) is selected on the basis of raw rocks containing various Si/Al ratios.
These basic equations and data are available for establishment of thermodynamic modeling upon physical and chemical reaction at high temperature.

Research Background The reduction of greenhouse gases such as CO2, whose levels have been increasing, is an impending global issue.
The Kyoto Protocol set a target 6% reduction in the total emission of greenhouse gases among developed countries as a whole between 2008 and 2012, in comparison with the levels in 1990.
The total emission of greenhouse gases in Japan for the fiscal year 2009 was 1.29 billion tons, which is a 4.1% reduction compared with the total emission of the benchmark year set under the Kyoto Protocol.
Based on the lines of the main routes and the data in the timetables, buses appear, run, and disappear within the target area.
References [1] Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan: “The GHGs Emissions Data of Japan (FY 1990-2009)”, (2011)

Figure 1 shows significant reduction in IR transmittance from the Control (Black) to the Aerogel only (Red).
Table 2: KD2 Pro Handheld Probe Data.
Samples Conductivity W/m K Diffusivity mm2/ s Volumetric Specific Heat MJ/m3 K Density kg/m3 Specific Heat Capacity J/ kg K UE 0.165 0.093 1.764 1221 1445 UEA 0.147 0.103 1.434 1206 1189 UEA 0.5 0.227 0.146 1.547 1237 1251 UEA 1.0 0.300 0.286 1.050 1234 851 UEA 3.0 0.234 0.160 1.467 1252 1172 UEA 5.0 0.313 0.283 1.105 1266 873 The alternative Cp values obtained from thermal probe technique followed similar trend as the DSC thermogram Cp values, which showed significant Cp value reduction for the silica aerogel only sample.
The thermal conductivity also showed reduction upon silica aerogel incorporation.
Husni Rustam for his hard work in data compilation essential for this publication.

The data were fit to Murnaghan’s state equation [10], and the structural parameters at T = 0 K are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
After the transition, there is a volume reduction of about 8.5 % from 118 to 108 Bohr3 and 7.4 % from 121.39 to 112.45 Bohr3, which is in good agreement with other research [2].
At the same pressure, there are two phase transitions: from the NaCl and NiAs to the CsCl structure with a volume reduction of ~8.5 % and ~7.4 % respectively.
The compound NbC shows a transformation from ZB to CsCl at ~18.3 GPa with a volume reduction of about 20%.
Calvert, Pearson`s Handbook of Crystallographic Data for intermetallic Phases, American Society for Metals, Metal Park, OH,1985

Printed electronics have the following advantages over conventional photolithography/etching processes: (i) environmentally friendly process, (ii) reduction in material loss, (iii) high productivity through roll-to-roll process, and (iv) mass customerization.
During reaction, HNO3 was emitted as a byproduct, indicative of reduction of silver ion.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data were recorded on Ulvac-Phi PHI Quantetra SXM using aluminum anode (1486.6 eV) radiation source and a hemispherical mirror analyzer operation in fixed retard ratio mode.
Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) data of Ag NPs were obtained on TA Instruments SDT-2960.
Therefore, gelation in silver solution appeared at initial stage and then disappeared with time due to decrease in silver ion complexed with PAA by reduction and growth of Ag NPs.

Electric motor controlled input rotational speed through frequency changer, the input rotational speed and torque of were measured by torque speed sensor 1, the output rotational speed and torque were measured by torque speed sensor 2, the efficiency tester controlled the load value, the signal measured by torque sensor 1 and 2 was handled by efficiency tester, then deliverd to the industrial to realize the data acquisition and analysis.
Temperature detection points 2.3 Test step The experiment was divided in two steps: Firstly, no-load test, the test generator rotational speed was set as 600r/min, 1000r/min, 1460r/min, detecting temperature change and noise change of the worm reduction gear bearing, worm gear roller, the lubricating oil, testing time no less than 360 minutes each time.
Secondly, loading test, the test generator rotational speed was set as 750r/min, 1000r/min, 1500r/min, detecting temperature change and noise change of the worm reduction gear bearing ,worm gear roller, the lubricating oil, as well as the transmission efficiency.
Fig. 10 is the transmission efficiency of the system, rotational speed was 1000r/min, the input end torque was 10N.m, the calculated transmission efficiency of the transmission reduction gear also shown in Fig. 10.
Transmission efficiency of the worm gear According to the data obtained from the tests, noise of the system controlled in 30dB,the rotational speed was 1000r/min, when input loads was up to 10N·m, the transmission efficiency of the system can reach 0.599, and the calculated transmission efficiency is 0.664. 4 Conclusions Under the condition of normal work, the temperature changes of worm and worm wheel bearing end are not large, the temperature of roller rise slowly under different rotational speed, the noise is controlled in 30dB, the transmission efficiency of test system is high.The above studies indicate that the new drive set can eliminate the backlash, and has the advantages of low noise, low temperature rise, and high transmission efficiency.

Noise and vibration reduction is fundamental for the comfort of the passengers.
Another design milestone is the weight reduction in order to decrease fuel consumption and pollutant emissions.
The analysis of the experimental data allows the comparison of the two different excitation methods.
The experimental data were processed with Polymax modal estimation method, which is based on the Least squares frequency domain (LSFD) method [2].
It was necessary to set the model size to the value of 60 to apply the identification method to the FRFs obtained from the impact hammer excitation, while it was set to 40 to analyse the data deriving from the modal shaker excitation (see Fig. 8 and 9).

With DPS 9.50 data processing system these mathematical models are set up.
Fig.1 Structural diagram of seed-metering device Fig.2 Performance test bench 1 seed box；2 vibrators；3 pressure bar；4 star wheel；5 sprocket；6 chain；7 land wheel；8 sprocket wheel；9 elastomer；10 metal plate；11 cavity；12 guide pipe；13 sowing exit；14 pressure spring； 15 pressure wheel；16 pressure spring 1 test control desk；2 pulley；3 frame；4 transmission belt；5 speed -reduction motor；6 belt；7 wheel；8 glue plate；9 speed reduction motor； 10 chain；11 seed-metering device Test Material, Test Equipments and Test Method Test Material.
The speed-reduction motor provided power for the relative movement of the seed-metering device and the ground.
Table 1 Coding table of factor levels Factors +γ +1 0 -1 -γ △j Motion velocity x1 (m/s) 2.8 2.51 1.8 1.09 0.8 0.71 Rotate velocity x2(r/min) 60 54.14 40 25.86 20 14.14 Analysis of Test Results The influences of motion velocity and rotate velocity on CV of seeding uniformity in the lines, CV of seeding consistency between the lines and CV of seeding rate stability are analyzed by DPS 9.50 data processing system.

So, it’s very important to establish a clear urban carbon reduction target to research accumulation and assessment framework of carbon emissions data, also, it’s more important to establish a calculation model with high reliability of carbon emission used to evaluate the data.
This method sets high requirement and its data is highly representative.
If the representativeness and accuracy of data of sample cannot be guaranteed, the data finally got cannot stand for the actual carbon emissions. 2 Emission coefficient method This states the quantity ratio of unit product to pollution it discharges under common technical, economical and administrative conditions.
Constructing carbon offsets: The obstacles to quantifying emission reductions[J].