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Copper and copper alloys have good resistance to corrosion in both atmospheric and aqueous environments compared to many other materials.
Alhajji, “The Susceptibility of 90Cu-10Ni Alloy to Stress Corrosion Cracking in Seawater Polluted by Sulfide Ions”, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 6(4), 1997, pp. 534-544
Tood, “Materials Selection for High Reliability Copper Alloy Seawater Systems”, Copper.org, 2003, 8/28/2004.http://64.90.169.191/aplications/cuni/txt_materials_selection.html
Todd, “Nickel-Containing Materials in Marine and Related Environments”, 25th Annual Conference of Metallurgists, Toronto, 1986
Lai, “Corrosion of Condenser Tube Materials in Distilled Water”, Desalination, 138, 2001, pp. 365-370

Wang, Investigation on the maximum strain rate sensitivity (m) superplastic deformation of Mg-Li based alloy, Materials & Design 112 (2016) 151-159
Fu, Maximum m superplasticity deformation for Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 192–193 (2007) 555-560
Dong, Study on the maximum m superplasticity deformation of Ti–6.5Al–3.5Mo–1.5Zr–0.3Si alloy, Materials Science and Engineering: A 513–514 (2009) 32-41
Klamecki, Materials and process in manufacturing, 9th ed. ed., Prentice Hall2003
Elkin, Magnesium–Lithium Superlight Alloys, Beijing: Science Press, 2010.

Advanced layered composite materials and structures have various advantages over the conventional materials [1, 2, 3, 4].
For example, the strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios of multilayered materials excel considerably these of homogeneous structural materials.
Thus, the multilayered materials are very suitable for applications in light structures.
Such materials are also used in engineering applications in aggressive environment.
Demir, Stress analysis of functionally graded discs under mechanical and thermal loads, Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences, 18 (2011), 111–118

Pippan, Can pure mode III fatigue loading contribute to crack propagation in metallic materials?
Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 28 (2005) 179-185
Tschegg, A contribution to mode III fatigue crack propagation, Materials Science and Engineering 54 (1982) 127-136
Miller, Mixed mode (I+III) fatigue thresholds in a forging steel, Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 12 (1989) 259-270
Faszynka, Influence of the titanium and its alloys microstructure on the fatigue crack paths, Key Engineering Materials 592-593 (2014) 692-695

In addition, cassava starch mainly provides raw materials to produce industrial materials and biofuels.
Materials and Methods Plant material The cassava cultivar, Manihot esculenta SC8 tissue cultured seedlings cultured on MS medium for 45 days, were obtained from the Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, CATAS.
Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2006, 4(4): 453-465
Current Science, 2012, 102(6): 857-866
Trends in Plant Science, 1999, 4(10): 401-407

Some porosity is visible in the vicinity of the bulk material.
Le Pimpec, Sharp reduction of the secondary electron emission yield from grooved surfaces, Journal of Applied Physics 104 (2008) 104904-104914 [2] G.
Taborelli, The secondary electron yield of technical materials and its variation with surface treatments. in peer-reviewed Proceedings of EPAC2000, Vienna, Austria. (2000) 217-221 [5] M.
Dausinger, Pulse width and energy influence on laser micromachining of metals in a range of 100 fs to 5 ps, Applied Surface Science 249 (2005) 322-331 [9] J.
Xie, Formation mechanism of hierarchical micro and nanostructures on copper induced by low-cost nanosecond lasers, Applied Surface Science 464 (2019) 412-421

[2] Guan Xin-chun,Ou Jin-Pin: Research and development of carbon fiber reinforced concrete materials.
Journal of Harbin Jianzhu University, 2002.35(6):55-59
Study on dynamic model of electromagnetic shielding materials.
New chemical materials, 2001，29(10):20-22
Functional materials,2002,33（3）：341-343

This proposal aims to assess the laser sintering of Co-Cr-Mo parts with different raw materials.
Results and Discussion Characterization of raw materials Figure 2 shows the analysis of X-ray diffraction of the materials investigated in this work.
(Cambridge Int Science Publishing, 1997)
Peter: Wieters Powder Metallurgy: Processing and Materials.
Barlow: Rapid Prototyping Journal Vol. 1 [1] (1995), p. 26

Based on the existing test methods of cementitious material deformation at early age and aimed at the existing problems, this paper puts forward five kinds of technical solutions to improve the measurement method.
Measurement on chemical shrinkage usually reflects the influence of change in cementitious materials and mix proportion, especially the influence of the type of mineral admixtures, cement, chemical admixtures and water consumption on the deformation law.
Acknowledgements The work of this article was funded by National Key Technology R&D Program (2011BAE27B04) and Heilongjiang Natural Science Foundation (E201313).
Haifa: RILEMTC (2001), p.13-15 [5] Qian Tian, Wei Sun, Changwen Miao and Yaping Liu: Study on the Measurement of Autogenous Shrinkage of High Performance Concrete, volume 8 of Journal of Building materials (2005), chapter 1, p.82-89 (In Chinese) [6] Yu Zhu, Hongwei Deng and Jingsheng Zeng: Research Progress of Measuring Methods for Autogenous Shrinkage of Concrete, volume 10 of Low Temperature Architecture technology (2010), p.7-9 [7] Erika E.
[8] Qian Tian and Jensen Ole Mejlhede: Measurement with Corrugated Tubes of Early Age Autogenous Shrinkage Cement-Based Materials, volume 37 of The Journal of Chinese Ceramic Society (2009), NO. l, p. 39-45

Acknowledgment This work was financially supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) of China (NO. 2011AA050504）and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC，NO 51072194)，Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences，12JG01.
Corresponding Author Xiangbo Zeng, xbzeng@semi.ac.cn, 13621054316 References [1] Atsuhiko Fukuyama , Daisuke Ishibashi , Yohei Sato, et al, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 358 (2012), p. 2206-2208 [2] A.
Hegedus, Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, 2nd ed.
Li, et al, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells Vol.92 (2008), p. 673-681 [7] Antara Datta, J.
Chatterjee, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, Vol.92 (2008), p. 1500-1507 [8] Vinh Ai Dao, Jongkyu Heo, Hyungwook Choi, et al, Solar Energy, Vol. 84 (2010), p. 777-783 [9] Wang Jianqiang, Gao Hua, Zhang Jian, et al, Journal of Semiconductors, Vol. 33(3), 2012 [10] N.