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The above equation shows that the relative changes of resistance of metallic materials is proportional to its line strain.The resistance change rate △R/R is：K=ΔR/Rµ/ε，where μ—poisson coefficient；ε—strain variable.Thus, as long as the resistance change (usually measuring the voltage across the resistor), you can get the strain values.
Acknowledgement This work was supported in part by Science and Technology Planning Project of Wenzhou (Grant No.
G20090108) and Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 12ZR1411500).
Journal of Xi'An Technological University, Vol. 27, No. 2 (2007), p. 191-193
Gansu Science and Technology, Vol. 27, No. 12 (2011), p. 12-14

The type tests must be passed when new machines are produced, old machines are produced after they move to another factory, the structure, material, or processing of machines changes greatly which can influence products quality and performance, machines are produced for a period of time according to the national standards and industry standards, or machines are produced after are stopped production for a long time.
Acknowledgment This work was funded by Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program (J12LB70, J13LB10), Jining government and the Shenyang Branch of Chinese Academy of Sciences cooperation Foundation (2010JNKJ001), and Jining University Foundation (2011YYJJ08).
(In Chinese) [6] Xuli RAO, Meiping ZHANG and Xianhu MA: Journal of Shandong University(Natural Science).
(In Chinese) [8] Ke ZHOU, Xiaodong LI: Advanced Materials Research.

Biomass energy, derived from organic materials, offers an additional renewable option that can be locally sourced and managed.
Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, 23(3), 527-537. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem [9] C.
Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 28(2), 117-124
Nigerian Journal of Renewable Energy, 1, 74-86
Energy Research & Social Science, 19, 68-79

Diagnostics Results Non-destructive and semi-destructive testing of materials were used in diagnostics [7,8].
Advances and Trends in Engineering Sciences and Technologies - Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Sciences and Technologies, ESaT 2015 (2015) 23-128
Simunek, Impact resistance of fiber-reinforced concrete, in Advanced Materials Research, vol. 1054 (2014) 48-53
Applied Sciences-Basel, 11(13) (2021) 5971
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 513 (2020) 167134

Materials, used to produce testing specimens of reinforced concrete, are sand coming from natural river, Taishan C32.5 cement, tap water, AR fiberglass and 20# steel fiber (which diameter is 0.9 mm).
Mixed materials are filled into specialized mould, which size is 50×100 mm and will then be shaken and pounded.
To most architectural materials, smaller Poisson ratio and higher residual strength are also hopeful.
Journal of Composites for Construction.
Journal of Wuhan University of Technology.

At present, Fractal theory has been widely used to study the common irregularities in nature, such as metallic materials and geomaterials [4].
The cost of resin in SiO2/UPR granular composites accounted for more than half in raw materials.
This study shows that the fractal dimension plays a role of linking the microstructure and the macroscopic properties of the granular composite materials.
The fractal dimension can be used in granular composite materials design, evaluation and prediction.
China Civil Engineering Journal, 2007(40):98-103

Also, the same materials were used, and the finite element divide operation was performed under the same conditions.
Tarnita, Virtual Model and Simulation of the Normal and Affected Human Hip Joint, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 823 (2016) 167-172
Tarnita, The 3D Virtual Model of a Classical Hip Joint Prosthesis, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 823 (2016) 161-166
Popa, 3D Skull Virtual Model, Based on CT or MRI Images, Used for Dentistry Simulations, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 880 (2018) 101-110
Calin, Virtual Methods Applied to Human Bones and Joints Re-Construction Used for Orthopedic Systems, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 822 (2016) 160-165

The burn-out schedules for the investment materials and casting procedures follow the manufacturer’s recommendations.
Guide to dental materials and devices specification n.5 for Dental casting gold alloy.
Casting alloys the materials and the clinical effects.
Anusavice, Charless F.DeFreest, Science of dental materials – Constitution of alloys. 10th ed.
Chu, Laser –shock processing effects on surface microstructure and Mechanical properties of low carbon steel, Materials Science and Engineering, A260, 260 –8,(1999)

In numerical calculation, concrete lining materials, insulation materials and rock materials are using plane strain quadrilateral element; anchor is using bar element material.
The concrete lining material and the rock mass are considering as linear elastic materials, while insulation materials is considering as Mohr-Coulomb materials.
Calculation parameters of materials are shown in Table 1.
Two sides of the roadway insulation materials generate compressive stress area, and the maximum compressive stress value is 389.36kPa.
Larose, A unified approach to aerodynamic damping and drag lift instabilities and its application to dry inclined cable galloping, Journal of Fluids and Structures. 22(2006) 229

Hence interest has been arisen in the development of alternative materials without asbestos for building [6-9].
Raw materials(cement, quartz, wood fiber and additive) in certain proportion were dry mixed with High-speed blender, and the stir time was 5 min. ②Wet mixing of raw materials.
After dry mixing, the materials were poured into mortar mixer, then water and MC were added gradually while still mixing, and the stir time after all materials added is 3 min. ③Compression molding.
Acknowledgments This research is sponsored by special funds of Zhongguancun Science Park.
[4] Liwu Nie, Guyue Han, Dawei Zhou, Jianjun Bi: New Building Materials Vol. 8 (2008), p. 33-35,in Chinese