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It is because, on the one hand, surfactant concentration in oil-water interface increased for that weak alkali as a “salt” forced more surfactant molecules into the oil-water interface, on the other hand, weak alkali can react with organic acids in crude oil to form some film forming material (surfactant molecular layer), which can increase the concentration of film forming material [5].
Conclusions (1) The interfacial tension reduction effect of weak alkali ternary system is better than that of the alkali-free binary system, and the ultra-low values for weak alkali ternary system could be reach more rapidly; (2) The influence of polymer concentrations is little on static interfacial tensions, and the higher the concentration of polymer is，the longer the time to reach ultra-low interfacial tension is;(3) The interfacial tensions can still be ultra-low when the concentration of every component was decreased simutaneously in the weak alkali ternary system;(4) Adding Na2CO3 not only could reduce the interfacial tension，but also played a role of sacrificial agent; Acknowledgment The work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51074033).
Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute, 2008,32(3) ：18～21(in Chinese) [3] Yang Yang, Li Anjun.
Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute, 2008,32(5) ：55～57(in Chinese) [4] Ai Peng, Wang Chunguang.

In the Ubiquitous-Joint model, the material strength parameters consist of rock cohesion cr, internal friction angle φr, structure plane cohesion cj and internal friction angle φj.
According to the stress state, occurrence of structure plane and material characteristic of model, the failure may occur in either rock mass and structure plane, or in both; So, during the procedure of SRM, value of cr, tan(φr), cj and tan(φj) are reduced with the same factors; When the calculation can not converge, the slope is believed to reach the state of failure.
International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences，Vol.42 (2005), p.13-24
Journal of Central South University, Vol.16 (2009), p.131-135

The inherent resistor R represents the resistance of the wires of the coil, which varies with materials, length, sectional area and the temperature.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51075359 and 50805127) and Zhejiang University Special Research Foundation of Young Teachers (Grant No. 2011QNA4002).
[3] Li Qipeng, Research on the Key Technologies of Direct Drive Servo Valve, Dissertation, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, 2005, pp.51-55 [4] Sorli M., Figliolini G., Almondo A., Mechatronic Model and Experimental Validation of a Pneumatic Servo-Solenoid Valve, Journal of Dynamic Systems Measurement and Control- Transactions of the ASME, Vol. 132 (5), September, 2010, pp. 1-10
B., The Modeling and Simulation of a Proportional Electromagnet Valve, Journal of Dynamic Systems Measurement and Control- Transactions of the ASME, Vol. 118, March 1996, pp. 120–125.

Microstructure and deformation behavior of cold-rolled super-duplex stainless steel Janusz Ryśa, Małgorzata Witkowskab AGH-University of Science & Technology, al.
Material and Experimental Procedure The examined material is highly-alloyed ferritic-austenitic steel X3CrNiMoCuN25-6-4 with the 0.26% addition of nitrogen and the PREN value above 41.
The material was received in the form of industrially hot-rolled sheets with the thickness h0 =13.5 mm.
Blicharski, Metal Science, Vol. 18, (1984), p.92
Ryś, Journal of Mater.

Materials, specimen and experimental details Aluminium alloy 5091 was used in this study.
International Journal of Fatigue 29(1): 69-80
Ritchie (2000). 12th meeting of the international conference on the strength of materials (ICSMA 12), Asilomar, California, Elsevier Science Sa
Ritchie, Mechanics of Materials, 33 (2001) 441454
Materials Science and Engineering A, 527:297-304.

Effect of Lubrication of Fluid Friction Bearings with Media of Complex Rheology Leonid Savin1,a *, Alexey Kornaev1,b and Elena Kornaeva2,c 1Faculty of New Technologies and Production Automation, State University – Education-Science-Production Complex (State University ESPC), Naugorskoe Shosse 29, Oryol 302020, Russia 2Education-Science-research institute of information technologies, State University ESPC, Naugorskoe Shosse 29, Oryol 302020, Russia asavin@ostu.ru, brusakor@inbox.ru, clenoks_box@mail.ru Keywords: Continuous media mechanics, hydrodynamic theory of lubrication, rheology, finite volume method.
Computer experiment resulted in showing the effect of friction loss lowering due to considering complex rheology of lubricating material.
Physical interpretation of the variety of properties can be presented as follows: in the range of ideal materials - ideal plastic media [2], the ideal granular media [3], a Newtonian fluid [2, 4] - there is a wide spectrum of intermediate materials of complex rheology, some of them are known [4, 5] while others are only theoretically possible.
One should not forget about the specific methods of impact on the rheological properties of materials, e.g. by means of electromagnetic [6] or temperature fields.
Part 2 - Evaluations of the mechanisms, Journal of Tribology, 109 (1987) 196-205

Stray grain formation in welds of single-crystal Ni-based superalloy CMSX-4, Metallurgical and Materials Transaction A.Vol.41A(1) (2010),181-193
Prediction of a process window for the investment casting of dendritic single crystals, Materials Science and Engineering A. 237(1997),35-42
Grain structure development in directional solidification of nickel-based superalloy, Materials Science and Engineering A. 374(2004),270-279
Microscale simulation of stray grain formation in investment cast turbine blades, Materials Science and Engineering A. 386(2004),129-139
Microstructures and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 welds by CO2 laser welding, Journal of Materials Processing Technology.201(2008), 515-520

The use of biogenic materials to produce naturally based biomaterials has been widely studied.
Hydroxyapatite can be used to create new bone materials that directly connect to natural bone surfaces without causing inflammation, reaction, or resistance.
Additionally, uses of biogenic calcium sources have been developed to produce materials for medical purposes.
Hak, Extraction of pure natural hydroxyapatite from the bovine bones bio waste by three Different methods, Journal of material processing technology. 209 (2009) 3408-3415
Marc, Structural Characterization and mechanical behavior of a bivalve shell (Saxidomus purpuratus), Materials Science and Engineeing : C . 31 (2010) 1-5

Tool durability can be increased by various coating methods by the depositing in a vacuum of some different materials which achieve the necessary effect.
Schulz et al [5] stated that cutting edges of cutting tools coated with different materials by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) and or by physical vapour deposition (PVD) processes can show an increase of the service lifetime of tools by a factor of ten compared to uncoated tools.
Ionization of the material is obtained by passing the material evaporated by plasma luminescent discharge between the evaporation source and the substrate.
Future research includes: diversification of the qualitative types of cutting inserts coated with thin layer of titanium and the study of their behavior in the cutting processes, the depositing of thin layers of other types of filler materials and the analysis of their influence on the hardness and durability of the cutting tools.
Tegeder, Graded coatings for thermal, wear and corrosion barriers, Journal of Materials Science and Engineering.

The FISH language program is written based on the material mechanics formula.
China Civil Engineering Society Journal, 2006,39(6):106-110.
Underground structure[M].Beijing:Science Press,1988.783-794.
Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division(ASCE) 1973; 99: 421-427
Finite dynamic model for infinite media Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division(ASCE) 1969; 95: 859-877.