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A previous study indicated that bonded joints can sustain higher loads and are lighter than mechanical interfaces [2].
Finite element model A three dimensional finite element model was created in PATRAN, using solid brick and wedge elements with orthotropic material properties for the composite open-end cylindrical laminated shell and the repair patch, with a stacking sequence of [45/-45/0/90]s, and isotropic properties for the adhesive, as in Fig.2 shown.
Fig. 7 The stresses of the bottom surface on the fourth layer Fig. 8 The stresses on the central of composite open-end cylindrical laminated shell As shown in figure 7 and figure 8, type-A, type-B and type-E are the main factors for the changed stresses of the fourth layer and the central of whole model.
Fig. 11 The stresses of the bottom surface on the eighth layer As shown in figure 11, type-C, type-D and type-F are the main factors for the changed stress of the eighth layer.
For the disbonded types, the type-C for the stress is the greatest factor than other disbonded types.

Introduction Modern lightweight structures are characterized by their maximized exploitation of the given material properties.
This setting is of course an idealization of realityTable 1: Properties of Aluminum face-layers and honeycomb core Material properties Unit Aluminum Honeycomb Density ρ kg/m3 2660 59.3 Young's modulus E11 GPa 70 0.001 E22 0.634 E33 0.001 Shear modulus ¯G12 GPa 0.206 G13 0.001 ¯G23 0.206 Poisson ratio ν12 1 0.33 0 ν13 0.5 ν23 0 Table 2: Properties of the PWAS (material: PIC255) acc. to supplier Unit Value Physical and dielectric properties Density ρp kg/m3 7800 Poisson's ratio νp 0.34 Relative permittivity in the polarization εT22 1 1750 ε0 Relative permittivity direction ⊥ to polarization εT11 1 1650 ε0 Elastic compliance coefficient sE11 10−12 m2/N 16.1 Elastic compliance coefficient sE22 10−12 m2/N 20.7 Dielectric loss factor δ 1 0.02 Electro-mechanical properties Coupling factor for transverse oscillation κ21 1 0.35 Transverse piezoelectric large-signal deformation coefficient d21 10−12 C/N -180 Longitudinal piezoelectric large-signal deformation coefficient
Due to many influence factors, like e.g. damping influences (dirt, etc.) or temperature changes, damage is usually reported after a certain threshold limit.
The material properties are defined according to Table 1 and 2.
As in a real application one is looking for the "best fit" for a given monitoring signal, this is not affecting the practical use of the method.

The mechanical properties of the steel are presented in Fig. 4 depending on the parameters of a heat-treatment mode.
Lin, The effect of strain-induced martensitic transformation on mechanical properties of TRIP steel, Mater.
Wang, Microstructure and mechanical properties of microalloyed high-strength transformation-induced plasticity steels, Metall.
Monsalve, Effect of bainitic isothermal treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a CMnSiAl TRIP steel, Metals. 12 (2022) 655
Zhang, Below-Ms austempering to obtain refined bainitic structure and enhanced mechanical properties in low-C high-Si/Al steels, Scr.

The temperature is a key factor that affects the metal deformation and the material property in the rolling process.
Therefore, the numerical simulation of the rolling process should take the temperature factors into consideration to improve the prediction accuracy.
However, the mechanical parameters are difficult to achieve the required accuracy if the impact of temperature on the rolling process does not be taken into consideration.
For hot rolling process, temperature is one of the most important factors that affect the metal deformation resistance.
Cavaliere et al. [3] develop the coupling between the purely mechanical model of the work-piece and the thermo-mechanical model of the rolls.

The trend of modern civil engineering involves buildings and structures with precisely defined properties and parameters.
The basic properties of fibres are indicated in Table 2.
The measurement was not influenced by any external factors, such as direct sunshine affecting the heat flow meter, air movement in the room caused by ventilation or air conditioning, movement of persons near the cooling box, heating of the room, etc.
These factors would then significantly affect the heat flow value, which has a substantial influence on the resultant value of the thermal conductivity coefficient of the material measured.
The experimental research of textile fibres implies that the textile fibres feature very good thermal insulating properties.

In view of serious degree of mouth formation rock weathering, poor stability, the construction excavation characteristics such as easy to collapse of underground engineering, incision reinforcement technology is used in underground engineering in the mouth period of construction, which changes the mechanical properties of surrounding rock and improves the penetration resistance of surrounding rock.
Into the length of the layer structure design needs to consider the above factors, also need to satisfy the requirement of the underground structure mouth protection performance.
The projectile impact to target media is a very complex phenomenon of rapid changes in the mechanical.
(2) X ——The projectile penetration depth，ft；S ——Characterization of rock materials can be indicators of penetration sex，S = 12( fc Q )-0.3；fc ——The unconfined compressive strength of the rock，lb/in2；Q ——The rock quality index，affected by factors such as joint, crack，can be calculated according to the specification；N ——Warhead shape factor, the oval warhead，N=0.18 Ln/d+0.56；The cone-shaped warhead，N=0.25 Ln/d+0.56，Ln -Minister of warhead degrees，in; d——The projectile diameter，in；W——The projectile weight，lb；A——The projectile cross sectional area，in2；V——The projectile hit rate，ft/s。
Preliminary support of the tunnel pipe roof mechanical behavior and parameters optimization.

White carbon black's rubber reinforcing effect depends on its particle size, surface properties, structure, and its dispersion in rubber.
Though using resin acceptor to modify the White carbon black can change the surface physical and chemical properties, and improve the compatibility between rubber molecules and the interaction, processing technology to improve performance, increase the reinforcement of silica.
The main technological conditions affecting the reaction conditions include: hydrochloric acid dosage, reaction concentration, reaction temperature, Wollastonite particle size, reaction time and so on.
(2) The acid-insoluble impurities that Wollastonite contained in the test are a most important factor that affects the quality of silica.
(3) Silica purification method and the location of the processes is one of the most important factors of production which need to be further refined through pilot studies.

The tool’s elastic properties enable dwell time assisted grinding.
Important factors for the choice of the optimum machining processes are raw material and geometry as well as production batch size.
The tool’s elastic properties affect the grinding process significantly.
Spot on flat face The tool’s geometry is not perfectly ball-shaped due to thermal loads during the manufacturing process and several other factors.
Removal tests showed good self-sharpening properties as long as a significant grit protrusion is provided.

The preparation, mechanical properties, grain size and thermal property of bulk nanocrystalline Cu (BNC-Cu) were investigated in this paper.
However, many properties and related mechanisms of nanocrytalline materials are also not understood, especially the mechanical properties and related deformation mechanism of nanocrystalline materials, which are mainly caused by the lack of bulk nanocrystalline materials with 100% theoretical density.
The preparation, mechanical properties, grain size and thermal property of BNC-Cu were investigated in this paper.
The minimum grain size of Cu and the relationship between the grain size and ball milling time are related to many factors in the ball milling system, such as ball milling energy, physical properties of elemental metals and ball milling temperature.
In the process of ball milling, the hardness of Cu is synchronously affected by hardening effect and softening effect.

In addition，it has a great impact to mechanical motion properties and dynamic behavior in the practical application.
Fig.7 The relation curve of screw’s rotational speed and the fluctuation of friction moment Because lots of factors affect the value of friction moment of screw and tests’ data include many complex parameters, the influence of ball’s movement on friction moment was mainly analyzed.
As the ball screw structure is complex, each parameter changes will affect the impact properties of the screw, the impact of the ball on the screw is only considered here when it goes in and out the rollaway nest of inverter.
Experiment Study on Exciting Factors of Axial Vibration of Precision Ball Screw [J], Journal of Vibration, Measurement & Diagnosis, 2008, 28(1); 14-17
An Analysis of the Influence of Factors on Frictional Torque of Ball Screw [J], Journal of Southeast University, 1993 11