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Online since: December 2012
Authors: Hong Quan Xie, Chang E Dou, Yan Hong Jia
ESED plays an important role in the reduction of earthquake disasters and emergency evacuation to a safe place for resettlement of affected people.
Update Data Management.
Earthquake emergency shelter in the information management is the main data to update and maintain, this is mainly aimed at the earthquake for the department.
Through the update data management, guarantee the data in the database of the dynamic add, delete, modify and real-time update, keep database data processing.
Along, but also to the existing database backup, to prevent data loss; at the same time, but also provides online help, can help users solve in use process possible problems.
Update Data Management.
Earthquake emergency shelter in the information management is the main data to update and maintain, this is mainly aimed at the earthquake for the department.
Through the update data management, guarantee the data in the database of the dynamic add, delete, modify and real-time update, keep database data processing.
Along, but also to the existing database backup, to prevent data loss; at the same time, but also provides online help, can help users solve in use process possible problems.
Online since: November 2010
Authors: Xin Li, Qun Yan, Da Tai Yu
The simulated and experimental data of a PEMFC example illustrate the effectiveness and availability of the proposed algorithm.
(15) where is the set of parameters to be optimized, f is the objective function, Vsm is the experimental data of fuel cell voltage, VFC is the model output voltage, N is the number of the experimental data point.
Sets of experimental data are used to determine the optimized parameters by PSO.
The other sets of data are used for model validation.
From Figure 1, it’s obvious that the curve with parameters optimized by the improved PSO algorithm fits the data better, and the value of objective function is decreased.
(15) where is the set of parameters to be optimized, f is the objective function, Vsm is the experimental data of fuel cell voltage, VFC is the model output voltage, N is the number of the experimental data point.
Sets of experimental data are used to determine the optimized parameters by PSO.
The other sets of data are used for model validation.
From Figure 1, it’s obvious that the curve with parameters optimized by the improved PSO algorithm fits the data better, and the value of objective function is decreased.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Jing Jiang, Jing Jin
In 2007, Yiqing Lou[1] simulated transient seepage field in the slope vivo which caused by rainfall infiltration and analyzed stability of the slope that is under the condition of rain by the promotion of finite element strength reduction rainfall ,as an example of a slope.
In 2009,Bo Xiao, Zhikui Liu[3] describes that the strength reduction theory has got some progress in the analysis of slope stability, include the latest theory of strength reduction, the influencing factors of safety factor calculation accuracy and, correspondingly, the method of improving calculation accuracy, the basis of slope failure, so that the calculation accuracy has been improved greatly.
In 2012, Mengke Liao, Jiangwen Chen, Yang Cui, JianjunCheng[4] analyzes the factors of conglomerate Slope Stability by the strength reduction theory.
Calculation Conditions According to the test data provided by the parameters ,take parameters are shown in Table 1.
Calculation Results Record data and analysis the graphics, the result is shown in Ttable 3,Table 4 , Fig. 2 and Fig.3: Table 3Displacement and Stress of Section in Different Conditions data condition The vertical displacement (mm) Horizontal displacement (mm) The first principal stress (MPa) The three principal stress (MPa) Upward downward to the left to the right pressure stress tensile stress pressure stress tensile stress 1 Natural \ \ \ \ 3.51 1.53 18.55 1.21 2 Storm 0 21.08 15.63 0.14 3.51 1.52 18.58 1.2 3 Design earthquake (Max) 5.90 16199 19994 0 3.44 1.58 18.40 1.13 Table 4 TheLocations Distribution of the Displacementand Stress of the Profile under Different Conditions Position Distribution Working Condition The vertical displacement (mm) Horizontal displacement (mm) The first principal stress (MPa) The three principal stress (MPa) Upward downward to the left to the right pressure stress tensile stress pressure stress tensile stress natural \ \ \ \ the bottom
In 2009,Bo Xiao, Zhikui Liu[3] describes that the strength reduction theory has got some progress in the analysis of slope stability, include the latest theory of strength reduction, the influencing factors of safety factor calculation accuracy and, correspondingly, the method of improving calculation accuracy, the basis of slope failure, so that the calculation accuracy has been improved greatly.
In 2012, Mengke Liao, Jiangwen Chen, Yang Cui, JianjunCheng[4] analyzes the factors of conglomerate Slope Stability by the strength reduction theory.
Calculation Conditions According to the test data provided by the parameters ,take parameters are shown in Table 1.
Calculation Results Record data and analysis the graphics, the result is shown in Ttable 3,Table 4 , Fig. 2 and Fig.3: Table 3Displacement and Stress of Section in Different Conditions data condition The vertical displacement (mm) Horizontal displacement (mm) The first principal stress (MPa) The three principal stress (MPa) Upward downward to the left to the right pressure stress tensile stress pressure stress tensile stress 1 Natural \ \ \ \ 3.51 1.53 18.55 1.21 2 Storm 0 21.08 15.63 0.14 3.51 1.52 18.58 1.2 3 Design earthquake (Max) 5.90 16199 19994 0 3.44 1.58 18.40 1.13 Table 4 TheLocations Distribution of the Displacementand Stress of the Profile under Different Conditions Position Distribution Working Condition The vertical displacement (mm) Horizontal displacement (mm) The first principal stress (MPa) The three principal stress (MPa) Upward downward to the left to the right pressure stress tensile stress pressure stress tensile stress natural \ \ \ \ the bottom
Online since: May 2018
Authors: Xue Feng, Xiang Qian Yin, Xu Jun Mi, Hao Feng Xie, Zhen Yang, Zong Wu Li, Guo Jie Huang, Lijun Peng
With different applied stress at 673K, 773K, 873K for 50h, creep data were attained by creep machine.
Table 1 lists the reduction of area of tensile samples at different temperature.
Table 1 Reduction of area of samples tested at different temperature.
Table 2 lists all steady-stage creep rate data with applied stress 40-70MPa at temperatures of 673-873K.
Creep rate 673K 773K 873K 40MPa 4.76×10-5 4.20×10-3 8.69×10-3 60MPa 2.77×10-3 5.67×10-3 1.27×10-2 70MPa 5.12×10-3 5.85×10-2 2.96×10-2 3.2.2 Creep mechanism analysis Apparent stress exponent n is a valuable parameter for analyzing the creep mechanism, those values can be calculated from the slopes of straight lines fitted with lnε and lnσ data.
Table 1 lists the reduction of area of tensile samples at different temperature.
Table 1 Reduction of area of samples tested at different temperature.
Table 2 lists all steady-stage creep rate data with applied stress 40-70MPa at temperatures of 673-873K.
Creep rate 673K 773K 873K 40MPa 4.76×10-5 4.20×10-3 8.69×10-3 60MPa 2.77×10-3 5.67×10-3 1.27×10-2 70MPa 5.12×10-3 5.85×10-2 2.96×10-2 3.2.2 Creep mechanism analysis Apparent stress exponent n is a valuable parameter for analyzing the creep mechanism, those values can be calculated from the slopes of straight lines fitted with lnε and lnσ data.
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Ling Zhang, Jian Hua Zhao
Wang et al. [2] presented a structural damage identification algorithm by using static test data and changes in natural frequencies.
It is worthy to note that the proposed approach can be directly applied in the cases of incomplete measured data without considering the static condensation.
Assuming the finite element model can accurately simulate the actual dynamic characteristics of the beam, and the observation data are obtained from the finite element model.
Two damage cases are considered in this study, i.e., 1) a single damage case that element 5 is damaged with a stiffness reduction of 30%; 2) a double damage case that element 9 and 16 have 30% and 20% reduction in stiffness, respectively.
Damages are simulated by a reduction in the stiffness of assumed elements.
It is worthy to note that the proposed approach can be directly applied in the cases of incomplete measured data without considering the static condensation.
Assuming the finite element model can accurately simulate the actual dynamic characteristics of the beam, and the observation data are obtained from the finite element model.
Two damage cases are considered in this study, i.e., 1) a single damage case that element 5 is damaged with a stiffness reduction of 30%; 2) a double damage case that element 9 and 16 have 30% and 20% reduction in stiffness, respectively.
Damages are simulated by a reduction in the stiffness of assumed elements.
Online since: June 2013
Authors: Wolfgang Tillmann, A. Erman Tekkaya, Peter Sieczkarek, Eugen Krebs, Lukas Kwiatkowski, Jan Herper, Petra Kersting
This leads to a reduction of the tool lifetime or to tool deformation.
This study deals with the investigation of possibilities for the reduction of tool wear.
Table 1 Data specification of the used workpiece materials The desired cog geometry corresponds to DIN 867 using a module of 1.5 which is conventionally used to manufacture a toothed rack.
Based on this data, tool paths were computed in a CAM system with respect to the results of the fundamental investigations [16, 17, 18].
The application of lubricants causes an additional reduction of the process forces.
This study deals with the investigation of possibilities for the reduction of tool wear.
Table 1 Data specification of the used workpiece materials The desired cog geometry corresponds to DIN 867 using a module of 1.5 which is conventionally used to manufacture a toothed rack.
Based on this data, tool paths were computed in a CAM system with respect to the results of the fundamental investigations [16, 17, 18].
The application of lubricants causes an additional reduction of the process forces.
Online since: November 2007
Authors: Wei Lu, Eli Martinez, Fred Li, Alex Ko, Craig Todd, John T.C. Lee, Bo Xi, Jian She Tang
The single wafer Marangoni dryer design features and process
characterization data are presented in this paper.
Figure 5 summarized the defect adders data from SRD and Marangoni dryer at 65nm threshold.
The formation of a copper corrosion product is a consequence of copper oxidation, which occurs with the simultaneous reduction of other available reactants, notably hydrogen ions or dissolved oxygen.
Corrosion in water can be expressed as in the following [5, 6]: 4Cu + 2H2O → 2Cu2O + 4H + + 4e (oxidation) O2 + 2H2O + 4e → 4(OH) (reduction) (a) SRD Dry (b) Marangoni Dry The second reaction, reduction, is rarely observed visually; however, in its absence corrosion would not occur.
Figure 5 summarized the defect adders data from SRD and Marangoni dryer at 65nm threshold.
The formation of a copper corrosion product is a consequence of copper oxidation, which occurs with the simultaneous reduction of other available reactants, notably hydrogen ions or dissolved oxygen.
Corrosion in water can be expressed as in the following [5, 6]: 4Cu + 2H2O → 2Cu2O + 4H + + 4e (oxidation) O2 + 2H2O + 4e → 4(OH) (reduction) (a) SRD Dry (b) Marangoni Dry The second reaction, reduction, is rarely observed visually; however, in its absence corrosion would not occur.
Online since: April 2014
Authors: Alexey Anatolevich Vereschaka, Anatoliy Stepanovich Vereschaka, Mars S. Migranov
The data obtained in these studies were the basis for the development of the concept of functional multilayer coatings for cutting tools with programmable properties, providing an opportunity for each coating layer to perform a required function at a certain stage of tool wear.
Ion surface modification of the tool with other studied elements demonstrates unstable or negative results that reduction in tool life or inability to provide good adhesion between the coating and substrate.
When selecting metallic materials used for tribological data set compatibility contacting elements.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Data from Table 1 show that the mixing of antifrictional alloys, that is widely used to improve conditions of sliding friction [1,2,3], allows to increase the tool life not more than by two times.
Acting as a liquid metal lubricant at cutting temperatures, indium encourages reduction of the friction coefficient.
Ion surface modification of the tool with other studied elements demonstrates unstable or negative results that reduction in tool life or inability to provide good adhesion between the coating and substrate.
When selecting metallic materials used for tribological data set compatibility contacting elements.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Data from Table 1 show that the mixing of antifrictional alloys, that is widely used to improve conditions of sliding friction [1,2,3], allows to increase the tool life not more than by two times.
Acting as a liquid metal lubricant at cutting temperatures, indium encourages reduction of the friction coefficient.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Shu Yan Zhang, Jin Hong Zhang, Jun Li Jia
In conventional continuous casting secondary cooling water control method on the basis of the proposed adaptive control strategy for water distribution.According to the production characteristics of slab continuous casting machine, the establishment of a dynamic soft reduction model of secondary cooling water control system and online. by introducing water distribution model and control system implementation, Through the adjuster to optimize performance, make the water distribution system in less money subject to meet the technical requirements of good results.
Previous secondary cooling control is through off-line calculation, calculate the amount of water in advance on the basis of the data calls to be controlled, but the data off-line calculation is limited and non-continuous[2-3], which necessarily vary with site conditions, to be able to react more realistic process conditions slab for a steel slab method we use online tracking through the mechanical properties of high-temperature plasticity of various kinds of steel, determine the target slab surface temperature and heat transfer model used to calculate the solidification slab surface temperature, to create a dynamic secondary cooling water model, real-time control of two cold t, improve the slab quality t[4].
Due to reduced modification of instrument number, thus the sharp reduction in the number of spare parts, and also indirectly reduce the cost of production.
Previous secondary cooling control is through off-line calculation, calculate the amount of water in advance on the basis of the data calls to be controlled, but the data off-line calculation is limited and non-continuous[2-3], which necessarily vary with site conditions, to be able to react more realistic process conditions slab for a steel slab method we use online tracking through the mechanical properties of high-temperature plasticity of various kinds of steel, determine the target slab surface temperature and heat transfer model used to calculate the solidification slab surface temperature, to create a dynamic secondary cooling water model, real-time control of two cold t, improve the slab quality t[4].
Due to reduced modification of instrument number, thus the sharp reduction in the number of spare parts, and also indirectly reduce the cost of production.
Online since: September 2017
Authors: Maxim Yu. Arsentev, Petr Tikhonov, Nadezhda Kovalko, Tatiana Egorova, Marina Kalinina, Anastasia Shmigel
Of course the problems such as phase transformations upon delithiation may exist, and to check the data the experimental and computer studies needed.
During operation, the battery based on Li2MnSiO4 undergoes oxidation-reduction reactions: Mn2+ ↔ Mn3+ ↔ Mn4+ [2].
In general, the first selection criterion was the presence of a sufficient amount of manganese ions to enable oxidation-reduction reaction due to insertion/extraction lithium ions and availability of the potentials of these reactions for current electrolytes [1].
The Table 1 shows a good agreement between calculated and experimental data.
Of course the problems such as phase transformations may exist, and to check the data the experimental studies needed.
During operation, the battery based on Li2MnSiO4 undergoes oxidation-reduction reactions: Mn2+ ↔ Mn3+ ↔ Mn4+ [2].
In general, the first selection criterion was the presence of a sufficient amount of manganese ions to enable oxidation-reduction reaction due to insertion/extraction lithium ions and availability of the potentials of these reactions for current electrolytes [1].
The Table 1 shows a good agreement between calculated and experimental data.
Of course the problems such as phase transformations may exist, and to check the data the experimental studies needed.