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Microalgae has exceptional chemical compositions, including significant levels of lipids, hydrocarbons, polysaccharides, and gelling properties.
Partners in the contact interact with the friction surface zone, biolubricants improve the functionality of mechanical parts.
The main factors affecting the lubricity of bio-oils are unsaturation of fatty acids, branching, polarity and chain length.
Microalgal bio-oils also have better antiwear and antiseizure properties and lubricating effectiveness is almost twice in the coated material systems.
Rheological properties of microalgae oil are very suitable as a bio lubricant.

Rutting occurs mainly due to several factors including increasing of traffic loads, environmental conditions and also due to construction and design errors.
As a consequence, the service life of asphalt pavement is affected and will be shortened.
These factors will increase pavement distress such as rutting, shoving, polish aggregates, potholes, raveling, stripping, bleeding and bulging.
These studies concluded that nanoclay and carbon nano fibre was found to enhance the mechanical properties of the asphalt binder.
The volumetric properties and OBC of all mixtures were present in Table 1.

Ultrasonic machining is not limited by electricity and chemical properties of workpiece material.
Tool wears mechanism in ultrasonic milling Tool wear is an important variable in ultrasonic machining, affecting both material removal rate and machining accuracy.
They summed up effect laws of machining parameters on the tool wear, such as static pressure, abrasive particle size, workpiece and tool material properties, tool amplitude, and so on.
In the actual process, the calculated compensation value may be different from the actual one due to the working fluid circulation status and other factors, so appropriate adjustments should be done based on actual processing conditions.
The various factors which influence on tool wear and the material removal rate in ultrasonic milling are studied, and tool wear mechanism is analyzed.

Friction and Wear of Traditional Gear Transmission Gear wear is a very complicated process, and the influencing factors of wear include friction pair material, lubrication condition, operating conditions (load, sliding speed, the system vibration, temperature, etc.), surface morphology, etc.
Without any lubricant, there are three factors to generate friction between polymer composite surface and contact surface: The adhesion of polymer and metal dry friction surface, the hysteresis of polymer itself and metal plough cutting action to polymer [6].
In the actual process of friction losses, generally four types of wear mechanisms will happen together, but which wear mechanisms plays a role of main depends on the properties of polymer itself.
Thus the shear strength of the polymer itself determines the transfer characteristic of material and adhesive wear properties [7].
It is mainly affected by the surface properties of hard material (such as micro convex body height, radius of curvature, slope, etc.), mechanical properties of the polymer itself (toughness and fracture work) and environmental factors.

Hydrogen entering into steel affects its electrochemical properties and may enhance the susceptibility to environmental degradation.
Hydrogen entering into steel affects its electrochemical properties and may enhance the susceptibility to environmental degradation [1].
The effect of hydrogen on the microstructure and mechanical properties of stainless steels are well documented [2-4], while the effect of hydrogen on passivity and corrosion resistant has been reported to a lesser extent.
Industrial systems made from these steels are usually designed for a 40-year service life and long-term mechanical and corrosion properties.
Therefore, it is also of great importance to examine the effect of hydrogen on electrochemical properties of superaustenitic and austenitic-ferritic steels.

Many factors affect the health of rivers, broadly speaking, there are natural factors (topography, precipitation, climate, land surface, earthquakes, etc) and the human factor (utilization of rivers), in which human activity is the most important factor.
The human activities of utilization have changed the river's natural flow-sediment process and broken the original balance, resulting in a total amount of flow-sediment and their spatial and temporal distribution variation dramatically, thus affecting the health of a river.
Thus, reservoirs are not only the main influence factors of flow-sediment variation, but also the main factor contributing to river health changes.
It is a comprehensive evaluation method that can make factors quantifiable which are unclear in boundary and not easily quantifiable.
[5] Qizong Wu, in: Operational research and optimization methods, Mechanical industry press, Beijing (2003), In Chinese

It is well known that dislocation densities and grain size are important factors that enhance the elemental diffusion behavior [2].
This result indicates that compound layer (Ti2N) created by low temperature nitriding (600 oC) does not remarkably affect the fatigue properties of CP titanium.
Kawasaki, Factors controlling the fatigue strength of nitride titanium, Fatigue Fract.
Ameyama, New microstructure design for commercially pure titanium with outstanding mechanical properties by mechanical milling and hot roll sintering, Mater.
Saito, Effect of strain on microstructures and mechanical properties of ARB processed and annealed ultra-low carbon IF steel, Tetsu-to-Hagane 89 (2003) 273-280

It was found that small change in pyrolysis parameters significantly affected the carbon membrane properties.
Elisa Barbosa-Coutinho et al. [2] used polyetherimide hollow fiber to investigate the influence of pyrolysis parameters on the carbon membrane mechanical properties.
The obtained carbon membranes showed high separation factors for CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4.
Characterization of Membrane Properties.
Heat-treatment conditions strongly affected the properties of carbon membrane.

Carbon steels find extensive use in the fabrication of pipeline networks due to their proper characteristics, including resistance, durability, excellent weldability, and recommended mechanical properties [1-4].
CO2, in tandem with other factors, accelerates the progression of the corrosion process, leading to a reduction in the pipe network's cross-sectional area.
However, the corrosion behaviour of steels is contingent upon variables like chemical composition, metallographic structure, mechanical properties, internal stress levels, operational loads, and material impurities and welding imperfections.
Furthermore, the geometric configuration of components, in conjunction with stress concentration factors, play an important role in the corrosion resistance behaviour.
Thermal and structural modelling of arc welding processes: A literature review, Measurement and Control.,52(7-8), 2019, pp. 955-969, doi:10.1177/0020294019857747 [16] Ghosh A., Chattopadhyaya S., Dasb R.K, Sarkarb P.K.: Assessment of Heat Affected Zone of Submerged Arc Welding Process through Digital Image Processing, Procedia Engineering 10 (2011) 2782–2785 [17] Dwivedi D, Lepkova K., Becker T.: Carbon steel corrosion: a review of key surface properties and characterization methods, RSC Advances 7(8), 2017, pp. 4580-4610 [18] F.

Currently, the focus in materials development is on processing of hybrid metal matrix composites (MMC’s) in particular aluminum (Al) based owing to their flexibility in achieving tailor made properties.
Till date, only processing, characterization of mechanical and adhesive wear behavior of various hybrid MMCs have received much attention.
A blend of the above two processes will positively bring out enhanced homogeneity, greater volume incorporation of reinforcements, leading to production of light weight large structures with improved mechanical and tribological properties of the composites [1].
Factors such as impingement angle, impact velocity, erodent size and amount of reinforcement are the major factors affecting the erosion rate of composites [12,8].
[7] Tamer Sinmazcelik, Sinan Fidan and Volkan Gunay, Residual mechanical properties of carbon/polyphenylenesulphide composites after solid particle erosion, Materials and Design Vol. 29, (2008) 1419–1426