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Online since: November 2013
Authors: Jian Zhang, Fei Wang, Zi Qi Wang, Gao Feng Su, Guang Chao Li
Introduction
As there are a large number of electrical transformer districts in power grid, and the low voltage network is huge, the low voltage network loss reduction is of great significance.
Loss reduction effect is difficult to guarantee.
(6) The type and length of low voltage power grid wire is not usually easy to get, here introduce the concept of total unbalanced degree, as an auxiliary of line loss optimization in the case of the lack of data.
Secondly, set the property of maps, making maps associated with the data of electrical equipment that the maps represent.
The main function of form is to provide human-computer interactive interface, users can access and modify the data in custom property Custom Properties of the Shape Sheet through the forms [6].
Loss reduction effect is difficult to guarantee.
(6) The type and length of low voltage power grid wire is not usually easy to get, here introduce the concept of total unbalanced degree, as an auxiliary of line loss optimization in the case of the lack of data.
Secondly, set the property of maps, making maps associated with the data of electrical equipment that the maps represent.
The main function of form is to provide human-computer interactive interface, users can access and modify the data in custom property Custom Properties of the Shape Sheet through the forms [6].
Online since: July 2021
Authors: Kozo Taguchi, Yosuke Ito, Dang Trang Nguyen
The output voltage of the battery was monitored by a data acquisition system (National Instruments NI USB-6210) via a customized Lab VIEW interface on a computer.
As shown in Fig. 6, reduction and oxidation peaks could be observed at 0.2 V and 0.45 V, respectively.
The oxidation peak and reduction peak represent the anodic and cathodic electrocatalytic activity, respectively.
The CV data was stable for ten sweep cycles.
The data of ten continuous CV sweep cycles of the air-cathode used in sample ⑤.
As shown in Fig. 6, reduction and oxidation peaks could be observed at 0.2 V and 0.45 V, respectively.
The oxidation peak and reduction peak represent the anodic and cathodic electrocatalytic activity, respectively.
The CV data was stable for ten sweep cycles.
The data of ten continuous CV sweep cycles of the air-cathode used in sample ⑤.
Online since: December 2016
Authors: Jindřich Sobotka, Radim Kolář
With a gradual reduction of dampness there the depth of radiation penetration increases. [1]
Figure 2.
Assessing the options of individual methods and taking into account the need to achieve the required values as soon as possible, the microwave technology was selected. [1, 4, 9] Progress of Drying The entire course of drying can be best demonstrated using the data measured in the dampest area.
The stored data can be transferred to a PC and processed using dedicated Moist Analytics software.
When evaluating the measured data, differences were found in regard to the course of drying of the control spots.
At the time of the interruption of drying for two days there was a significant matching of values of moisture between the surface and the depth of 300 mm as well as an overall noticeable reduction in the amount of water.
Assessing the options of individual methods and taking into account the need to achieve the required values as soon as possible, the microwave technology was selected. [1, 4, 9] Progress of Drying The entire course of drying can be best demonstrated using the data measured in the dampest area.
The stored data can be transferred to a PC and processed using dedicated Moist Analytics software.
When evaluating the measured data, differences were found in regard to the course of drying of the control spots.
At the time of the interruption of drying for two days there was a significant matching of values of moisture between the surface and the depth of 300 mm as well as an overall noticeable reduction in the amount of water.
Online since: May 2004
Authors: Rui F. Silva, Filipe J. Oliveira, A. Taillaire, J.M. Carrapichano
Since the
reinforcement replaces the matrix composition, there is an effective reduction of the sintering
liquid, thus limiting the maximum amounts of second phase that can be advantageously used.
The values obtained for these micrometer size particulate composites are lower than the fracture toughness of hot-pressed whiskers or nanosized particles reinforced composites [9] but are consistent with data obtained on pressureless sintered composites [10].
The matrix was further mechanically characterized, and the following data were obtained: 4-point bending strength of 800MPa, Weibull modulus of 11, and Youngs modulus of 280GPa.
These values are in agreement with data published for bulk, unreinforced Si3N4 materials produced by both pressureless and pressure assisted densification Fig. 4 Evolution of Vickers hardness as a function of: a) sintering time and b) SiC volume fraction, for materials sintered for 2h at 1750ºC.
The toughening mechanisms are here attenuated by the Si3N4 aspect ratio and the grain size reduction due to the SiC particles.
The values obtained for these micrometer size particulate composites are lower than the fracture toughness of hot-pressed whiskers or nanosized particles reinforced composites [9] but are consistent with data obtained on pressureless sintered composites [10].
The matrix was further mechanically characterized, and the following data were obtained: 4-point bending strength of 800MPa, Weibull modulus of 11, and Youngs modulus of 280GPa.
These values are in agreement with data published for bulk, unreinforced Si3N4 materials produced by both pressureless and pressure assisted densification Fig. 4 Evolution of Vickers hardness as a function of: a) sintering time and b) SiC volume fraction, for materials sintered for 2h at 1750ºC.
The toughening mechanisms are here attenuated by the Si3N4 aspect ratio and the grain size reduction due to the SiC particles.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Jing Yi Tian, Si Zhang, Wen Jing Zhao, Ye Yang
Rough set theory [3, 4] is a theory of data analysis proposed by a polish mathematician Z.
Its main thought is to educe problems decision or sorting rules by knowledge reduction at the premise of keeping sorting capability.
The eigenvalues we get through the information collection, data processing in the experiments have are continuous values.
But the rough set theory can only deal with discrete data, so the first thing to do is discretization of data processing.
[6] Z.D.LAW,Z.PAWLAK.Reasoning about Data- A Rough Set Perspective Rough Sets and Current Trends in Computing.First International Conference,RSCTC 98, 1998,25~34 [7] Duoqian Miao,Daoguo Li.
Its main thought is to educe problems decision or sorting rules by knowledge reduction at the premise of keeping sorting capability.
The eigenvalues we get through the information collection, data processing in the experiments have are continuous values.
But the rough set theory can only deal with discrete data, so the first thing to do is discretization of data processing.
[6] Z.D.LAW,Z.PAWLAK.Reasoning about Data- A Rough Set Perspective Rough Sets and Current Trends in Computing.First International Conference,RSCTC 98, 1998,25~34 [7] Duoqian Miao,Daoguo Li.
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Bo Zhou, Nai Rui Liu, Lei Lei Mi
During the recycle process of malysite in sludge under the synergistic effect of acidification and ultrasonic, the features of malysite, the principles and steps of design calculations for sludge malysite are introduced on the basis of the previous experimental data.
Design calculations are conducted in the light of the requirements on design flow, cycle time, influent water quality, material and experimental data.
In combination with the data of earlier experiments, and for the convenience of skid-mounted connection, the designed process flow is divided into four functional units, including the pretreatment unit, the coagulation treatment unit, the malysite recovery unit and the sedimentation filtration unit.
The filtering material layer that consist of the materials in the pollutant-holding layer and in the protective layer should be designed based on the type, grain size and thickness (all could be found in data sheet) of filtering materials.
The process feasibility is verified by a self-made packaged plant to realize reutilization and reduction of sludge.
Design calculations are conducted in the light of the requirements on design flow, cycle time, influent water quality, material and experimental data.
In combination with the data of earlier experiments, and for the convenience of skid-mounted connection, the designed process flow is divided into four functional units, including the pretreatment unit, the coagulation treatment unit, the malysite recovery unit and the sedimentation filtration unit.
The filtering material layer that consist of the materials in the pollutant-holding layer and in the protective layer should be designed based on the type, grain size and thickness (all could be found in data sheet) of filtering materials.
The process feasibility is verified by a self-made packaged plant to realize reutilization and reduction of sludge.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Wei Min Sang, Chao Xi
Computed results and comparisons with the experimental data are presented and analyzed.
The tree data structure begins with one root cell defined at depth 0.
Yet the present study adopts an omni-tree data structure.
The whole lift curve in the computation results is higher than experimental data.
We mainly use the omni-tree data structure and face-to-face algorithm.
The tree data structure begins with one root cell defined at depth 0.
Yet the present study adopts an omni-tree data structure.
The whole lift curve in the computation results is higher than experimental data.
We mainly use the omni-tree data structure and face-to-face algorithm.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Shu Rong Ding, Yong Zhong Huo, Hong Bin Xu
Symmetrical boundaries
Fig. 1 Finite element geometric model Fig. 2 Magnified part model with the symmetrical boundaries
Table 1 Rolling schedule
Pass
Vertical roller
Horizontal roller
Roller speed[m/s]
Thickness reduction ratio[%]
Thickness reduction[mm]
Diameter[mm]
Length[mm]
Diameter[mm]
Length[mm]
1
50
25
50
100
1.0
20.00
1.0
2
50
25
50
100
1.1
10.00
0.4
3
50
25
50
100
1.2
2.78
0.1
Mesh.
The increments of equivalent plastic strain in different passes depend on the thickness reduction ratios there.
Fig. 6(b) shows that the true thickness reduction ratio distributions along Path 2 are uniform, but there exists fluctuation on the strip edge.
Conclusions The conclusions are summarized as follows: The equivalent plastic strain of the strip depends on the thickness reduction ratio in each pass.
Nippon Genshiryoku Kenkyujo JAERI, Data, Code (1999): 264P
The increments of equivalent plastic strain in different passes depend on the thickness reduction ratios there.
Fig. 6(b) shows that the true thickness reduction ratio distributions along Path 2 are uniform, but there exists fluctuation on the strip edge.
Conclusions The conclusions are summarized as follows: The equivalent plastic strain of the strip depends on the thickness reduction ratio in each pass.
Nippon Genshiryoku Kenkyujo JAERI, Data, Code (1999): 264P
Online since: January 2017
Authors: Hai Ning Geng, Qiu Li
The acquired data was analysed by PANalytical X’pert Highscore Plus with PDF2004 database.
At early age (1 days), addition of MK greatly reduced water absorption of mortar, with the most reduction obtained by addition of 5wt% MK at 1 day.
At 3 days and afterwards, the reduction of water absorption by addition of MK was stable, with the most reduction obtained by addition of 10wt% MK.
The most reduction was obtained by 5wt% MK addition, which is possibly because that according to the packing density theory, there is a best particle size distribution for high packing density, indicating that there is no linear correlation between degree of reduction of water absorption and MK content.
The reduction of water absorption of mortar with MK addition was due to the formation of C-S-H by pozzolanic reaction.
At early age (1 days), addition of MK greatly reduced water absorption of mortar, with the most reduction obtained by addition of 5wt% MK at 1 day.
At 3 days and afterwards, the reduction of water absorption by addition of MK was stable, with the most reduction obtained by addition of 10wt% MK.
The most reduction was obtained by 5wt% MK addition, which is possibly because that according to the packing density theory, there is a best particle size distribution for high packing density, indicating that there is no linear correlation between degree of reduction of water absorption and MK content.
The reduction of water absorption of mortar with MK addition was due to the formation of C-S-H by pozzolanic reaction.
Online since: March 2015
Authors: Magdalena Popczyk, Bożena Łosiewicz
One of them is the reduction of oxygen to water which can be described as follows [8-10]:
(1)
It is considered that the direct reduction of oxygen to water is one of the processes proceeding parallelly in the cathodic reduction of oxygen, however second process consists of two steps – reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide:
(2)
and reduction of the hydrogen peroxide to water:
(3)
The step which determines the reaction rate is a consumption of first electron in the result of what the superoxide anion is formed:
(4)
Further reactions, connected with the addition of hydrogen ions and next electron, proceed very fastly:
(5)
(6)
(7)
To the total reaction corresponds to the consumption of two electrons.
The reduction of the hydrogen peroxide on electrodes of noble metals proceeds at the potentials more positive than the oxidation of this compound.
The reason for this fact it can be that with the increase in the temperature of deposition, the content of nickel in the coatings may growth in the result of chemical reduction of the adsorbed nickel ions by ions which are present in solution, what especially at the elevated temperature leads to formation of active centres of nickel at the surface of TiO2.
Because beside the electrochemical reaction of the discharge of the nickel ions and embedding of Ni atoms into structure of the coating, also the chemical reduction of their ions and formation of the metallic phase at the surface of TiO2 proceeds, the total content of Ni in the composite coatings obtained at 333 K can be the highest, what also is the reason of the increase in the content of TiO2 in the coating with the growth of the deposition temperature (Tabs. 1 and 2).
On the basis of the above data one can see a distinct difference in a rate of the OER in 2.5 M NaOH solution on the particular Ni-P+TiO2 electrodes and Ni-P electrocatalysts.
The reduction of the hydrogen peroxide on electrodes of noble metals proceeds at the potentials more positive than the oxidation of this compound.
The reason for this fact it can be that with the increase in the temperature of deposition, the content of nickel in the coatings may growth in the result of chemical reduction of the adsorbed nickel ions by ions which are present in solution, what especially at the elevated temperature leads to formation of active centres of nickel at the surface of TiO2.
Because beside the electrochemical reaction of the discharge of the nickel ions and embedding of Ni atoms into structure of the coating, also the chemical reduction of their ions and formation of the metallic phase at the surface of TiO2 proceeds, the total content of Ni in the composite coatings obtained at 333 K can be the highest, what also is the reason of the increase in the content of TiO2 in the coating with the growth of the deposition temperature (Tabs. 1 and 2).
On the basis of the above data one can see a distinct difference in a rate of the OER in 2.5 M NaOH solution on the particular Ni-P+TiO2 electrodes and Ni-P electrocatalysts.