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The total number of microorganisms in 1 gram of freshly harvested barley is on average 106 cells.
At the initial stage of the grain affects the "field fungi" (Alternaria, Fusarium, Bipolaris, Cladоsporium), by bacterial flora (Pseudomonas, Bacillus) and a small number of yeast.
During storage of barley grain with a moisture content that exceeds a critical value, the number of grains infected with fungi of the genus Aspergillus, grows to 40 - 100 %.
Number options The heating temperature, [°C] The infestation of fungal infection [%] р.
Experimental research data Number options The heating temperature, [°C] The infestation of fungal infection [%] р.

Characterization of Grains Size by Ultrasounds Ali Badidi Bouda1, a, Mohammed S.
Grain size is an indicator of material fatigue.
The different grain sizes are obtained by rolling.
Frequency spectrum Dictionary - View detailed dictionary 1. noun 1. quantity 2. amount 3. number 4. deal 5. measure 6. batch 7. increment 8. gob 9. grist Fig.3.
The grain refinement was obtained by rolling.

Can clearly see that strip shape and particulate austenitic distributes in martensitic matrix, a large number of strips were formed between austenite in lath martensite and the original austenite grain boundary, few granular austenite nucleation in martensitic matrix.
There are also a number of dislocation groups exist in that matrix in fig. 3(c).
(2) Upon application of external stress, the soft ferrite grain occurred strong plastic deformation and a large number of dislocations.
The grain became finer.
The grain retained austenite mostly transformed into ε-martensitic, and little stability grain austenite retained in the matrix

During sintering the average grain size increases due to coarsening, where large grains grow and small grains dissolve [5].
The WC grains have a faceted shape and therefore have a strong tendency for abnormal grain growth (AGG), where a few large grains grow much larger than the average.
Fig.1 SEM graphs of cemented carbides: (a) 0.4%NbC+0.4%VC; (b) without inhibitor As shown in Fig.1, larger numbers of dark zones which may represent pores can be observed in the sample with 0.2 wt.
The majority of grains belong to the normal growth but a few abnormal growth grains exist.
The finer crystal grains and more homogeneous structure were observed due to the grain growth was inhibited.

Significant grain refinement was observed after high pressure torsion, while the homogeneity of the grain structure increases with the number of revolutions.
With the continuation of HPT, i.e. with increasing number of revolutions and the increase of shear strain, the fine grained area becomes dominant also at the centre of the specimen and the grain structure becomes more homogeneous, see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.
The grain structure becomes more homogeneous and finer with increasing number of HPT revolutions.
Initially, i.e. after low number of revolutions, the grain refinement occurs only locally in the vicinity of grain- and twin boundaries.
The hardness values of the HPT samples do not vary with increasing number of revolutions.

This exceptional grain-refining ability of Zr has led to the development of a number of commercially important sand casting creep-resistant alloys[5].
For grain size measurement, at least 200 grains were taken.
For the alloy without Zr addition, the grain size is very big with grains size more than 800mm and the grain morphology is columnar.
When soluble Zr is 0.12%, the grain size decreases to 240mm and the grain morphology changes to equiaxed grain, and grain size gradually decrease to 62mm when soluble Zr content reaches to 0.87%.
The Mg-Zr master used contains a significant number of Zr-clusters, which can not be completely broken into individual particles after manual stirring for 10mins.

Lattice sites having the identical Q number are considered as a grain, and a grain boundary segment is defined to lie between sites of different Q number.
NA and NB are the sites number of phase A and B.
NC is the smaller sites number of that of phase A or B.δQiQj is Kronecker delta function, Qi and Qj denote the grain orientation state of the neighboring sites i and j
The plot demonstrates that for the case of JAA:JBB:JAB = 2:3:1 or 3:2:1, the interfacial energy is lower than the boundary energy, the number ratio of intra/inter granular nano-particles is very low, whereas for the case of JAA:JBB:JAB = 2:1:3, the interfacial energy is higher than the grain boundary energy, the number ratio of intra/intergranular nano-particles is obviously much higher.
The average grain sizes for the cases of Fig.2 The number ratio of intra/intergranular nano- Fig.3 Average grain size vs.

It was found that the crystallinity of grain boundaries degraded much faster than that of grains as shown in Fig. 2.
In Fig. 2, the change of IQ values of grains and uncracked grain boundaries and cracked grain boundaries are summarized as a function of test time.
The IQ values of both grains and grain boundaries decreased monotonically with the test time.
It was found that the accumulation of dislocations deteriorated the crystallinity around grain boundaries drastically and decreased the strength of grains and grain boundaries.
Acknowledgement This research has been supported partially by Japanese special coordination funds for promoting science and technology, Japanese Grants-in-aid for Scientific Research, and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP16H06357.

There were few dislocations in the grains and in the plate - like shaped g’ precipitates, but a large number of the dislocations were observed around the interface of the plate - like shaped g’ precipitates.
The number of dislocations at the interface increases with increasing the stress.
In particular, a large number of dislocations which are tangled with each other are observed at the vicinity of the interface between the matrix and the plate - like shaped g’ precipitates at 180MPa.
A large number of dislocations is observed at the rafted g/g’ interfaces as well as in the matrix phase near the interface between the matrix and the plate - like shaped g’ precipitates (Fig.8-(c)).
It is supposed that the strain concentrates around the grain boundary in comparison with the grain interior, that is, the drastic creep deformation occurred at the vicinity of grain boundaries.

The statistical model of grain growth and the onset of the abnormal grain growth It has been well established that a necessary condition required to allow homogeneous abnormal grain growth in polycrystalline materials is the presence of unstable grain growth inhibitors (second phase particles, atom drag..); its effects on the evolution of Grain Size Distribution (GSD) and some of the conditions for the onset of abnormal grain growth has been already clarified by different papers [1,2].
By analyzing the GSD we can divide it into three zones, as pictured in Fig. 2: one containing the grains which tend to shrink, one containing the grains which tend to stagnate and the last one containing the bigger grains which are allowed to grow when in contact with the grain Ri.
Fig. 2: Statistical distribution of the grains and relative behavior in correspondence to grain Ri
An analysis of the statistical significance by the numerosity of each grain classes, in relation with the total number of the grain population, led to choose the class width of the histogram as equal to 2 micron.
The build up of a microstructure with very few grains of relatively large size (3 times the smallest grains in the system) embedded in a large population of small grains (coincident with a high peak in GSD) produces an acceleration process for the grain growth kinetics with features of a discontinuous process.