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The key requirement of electrolyte material is the high ionic conductivity so as to minimize cell impedance.
The primary challenges are cost and durability, to be solved by materials selection and design engineering.
Composites materials are the next best alternative for anode.
Kilner: Materials Today, March, (2003), p. 30 [14] J.W.
Smirnova, in: Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells II: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Edited by N.P.

The dielectric and tunable properties of graded Fe doped PST thin films fabricated by sol-gel method Xiaohua Sun1,2 a, Xiuneng Li1, Shenggang Zhou1, Shuang Hou1, Tianyou Peng2, Xing-zhong Zhao2 1 School of Mechanical and Material Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China. 2 School of Physics, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
Moreover, the processing temperature is lower in lead-based materials compared to (Ba1-xSrx)TiO3 (BST).
Furthermore, it has been identified to improve the loss of these materials is acceptor doping.
Experimental The precursor solutions of Fe doped PST were synthesized according to the formula (Pb0.3Sr0.7)(Ti1-xFex)O3 by sol-gel method, where x=0, 1%, 2%, 4% and 6%, using lead acetate tri-hydrate Pb(CH3COO)2·3H2O, strontium acetate semi-hydrate Sr(CH3COO)2·1/2H2O, ferric nitrate Fe(NO3)3·9H2O and titanium butoxide Ti(OC4H9)4 as the starting materials.
The microstructure is one of the key parameters determining the dielectric properties.

A Case Study on the Design of Green Building in Expo 2010 Shanghai Junjie Fan School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China 315100 fanjaser@gmail.com Key words: Expo 2010 Shanghai, Green Building, Case, Idea, Technology Abstract.
The material is made of desert sand which taken from the northwest of China, with a special technology of adhesive repression.
The project of Eco-house in Shanghai, making use of 150,000 old bricks removed from the old Shikumen, is designed from the aspects of wind, light, green land, and waste, etc. to emphasize the combination of construction materials, technical equipment and the construction shape, getting them perfect in one set of integration design.
Particularly some production process of green materials and technologies itself is high energy consumption, and high pollution, For example, some cases of green building adopted a series of inappropriate ways and means, just for a partial target, but it is damaging the core value of ecological energy.
The first consideration of green building should be the building itself, through a rational design and spatial layout to save water, land, energy, materials and reduce pollution.

Fly ash (FA) is a solid waste material from coal-fired powder stations.
Materials and Methods Materials and preparation of adsorption Fly ash (FA) was collected from electric power plant in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
Their effects on material preparation are shown in Fig.1and Fig.2 in this study.
[3] Mingjin Chu, Huizhong Xu, Zhilin Jia, Yun Fan and Jiangping Xu, Microwave-Assisted Zeolite Hydrothermal Synthesis from Coal Fly Ash and its Application, Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol.178-181 (2012) 380-384
McKay, Sorption of dye from aqueous solution by peat, Chemical Engineering Journal, 70 (1998) 115-124

These materials are found wide applications in the field of electronics as a voltage surge protectors in electric circuits.
Although several metal oxides are used as additives to ZnO the most widely used system for varistors manufacturing is based on the ternary ZnO-Bi2O3-Sb2O3 where B2O3 plays the essential role to impart non-linear behavior to the material [1, 2, 3].
Really the exact nature of these roles is hard to assess because it depends on many industrial operations during fabrication of the ceramic; the purity of the raw materials, homogeneity, pressing operation, sintering and thermal regime.
Sirikulrat: Materials Letters Vol. 59 (2005), p. 283 [14] M.
Mazurik: Key Engineering Materials Vol.132- 136(1997), p. 1289

Arifin et al [9]. investigated the characteristic behavior of polymer matrix composites under Charpy impact conditions with different design configurations (reinforcements mainly include chopped strand mat, woven roving fabric and foam-PVC Klegecell) of the laminate structure evaluated the capability of different lamination designs for composite materials.
It was found that differences in configuration design of the lamination structure of the polymer matrix composites do influence the strength and weakness of the materials.
Experimental Materials and sample fabrication.
The reinforcement materials used in this research were glass fiber woven roving fabrics and chopped strand mats.
The matrix material was epoxy resin.

Slashing and Weaving Properties of Twisted Carbon Fiber Yarns Qiang LI a, La Mei GUO b*, Wan Zhen HUANG c and Chao LING d Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Textile, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China alllq1006@163.com;b lmguo@dhu.edu.cn; czjyhwz_1314@126.com;ddhulc2140002@126.com; Keywords: carbon fiber yarns; slashing properties; desizing; weaving properties; Abstract.
Introduction Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites have been widely used in aerospace, marine, and automobile industries during the past few decades(since1960) due to their good engineering properties such as high specific strength and stiffness, lower density, high fatigue endurance, high damping, and low thermal coefficient (in the fiber direction)[1].
As a result, various compounds are selected as sizing agent, depending on the matrix resin, which is generally made of epoxy resin, phenol resin polyimide, etc [5,6,7] However, as reinforcements for manufacturing high performance composite materials, it is difficult for carbon fibers to spin into yarns because their high modulus of elasticity and low elongation at break [8].
Experimental Procedure Materials and sample preparation.
TABLE 1 THE BASIC PROPERTIES OF CARBON YARNS Yarn types Yarn materials Twisted way Number of yarn Yarn twist Yarn twist [ twist /m] linear density [tex] Staple yarns PAN-based carbon fiber Ring twisting method 2 strands Z twist*S twist 230*180 97 Table 1 shows the basic properties of carbon fiber yarns, and these PAN-based carbon fibers can be spun into yarns by ring twisting method and the yarns can be woven into a fabric theoretically.

Olubambi1,d Centre for Nanoengineering and Advanced Materials, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa Institute for Nanoengineering Research, Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering.
NiAl-based HEA development depends heavily on the choice of process and materials.
By using this method, solid bulk materials can better be consolidated at low temperatures.
Chawla, M., Mechanical behavior of materials, Second Edi, Cambridge University Press 2009.
Engineering Materials 2; An Introduction to Microstructures and Processing, Second Edi, Elsevier Inc., 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-096668-7.00005-x

The diamond-like carbon (DLC) is one of the new kinds of materials.
From 1950s on, the new sort of carbonous materials has been invented constantly.
Fig.1 shows that some carbonous materials that prevail in the market and the corresponding qualities of them.
DLC can be the top one in the new kind of carbonous materials.
Wang, Modification of semiconductor materials by plasma immersion ion implantation, Shanghai: Fudan University, 2010

Research on Preparation and Stacking Performance of IPMC Xu Yan1,2,a,*, Zhao Gang1,b, Ma Changshun1,c, Sun Zhuangzhi1,d (1College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China) (2Engineering Training Center, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China) axychangke@163.com, bzhaogang@hrbeu.edu.cn, cmachangshun@hrbeu.edu.cn, dsunzhuangzhi@hrbeu.edu.cn Key words: IPMC, Ion exchange, Ionic liquid penetration, Modifying treatment, Stacking.
Materials Letters, 2009, 63(9-10), p 745-747
Smart Structures and Materials, 2001, 4329, p 411-420
Journal of Functional Materials, 2013, 44(11), p 1646-1650
Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2007, 36, p 411-414