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Online since: September 2016
Authors: Aleksandr Karakulov, N.V. Gusev, N.Y. Nikonova, Yuriy Yu. Drozdov
Electrophysical characteristics of ceramic materials made of aluminium oxide (Al2O3), silicon carbide (SiC), aluminium nitride (AlN) and beryllium oxide (BeO) according to the data of the Russian and foreign literature [1].
After holding, the electric power supply of the press was switched off; lowering of the temperature with a subsequent reduction of the pressing pressure up to the level of 5 MPa took place.
Owing to a considerable reduction in porosity, there is an increase in heat conductivity of samples.
In this connection from the obtained experimental data, it is visible that the amount of the modifying additive does not always lead to a significant reduction of porosity.
Micrographs of the structure of AlN ceramics Conclusions On the basis of the presented data it is possible to make several conclusions: - First, there is an explicit positive effect of introduction of the modifying additive into the composition on heat-conductive properties of aluminium-nitride ceramics, which consists in creation of dense indissoluble intergranular boundaries (Fig. 5, AlN–90%+Li2O3–7%+Y2O3–3%).
After holding, the electric power supply of the press was switched off; lowering of the temperature with a subsequent reduction of the pressing pressure up to the level of 5 MPa took place.
Owing to a considerable reduction in porosity, there is an increase in heat conductivity of samples.
In this connection from the obtained experimental data, it is visible that the amount of the modifying additive does not always lead to a significant reduction of porosity.
Micrographs of the structure of AlN ceramics Conclusions On the basis of the presented data it is possible to make several conclusions: - First, there is an explicit positive effect of introduction of the modifying additive into the composition on heat-conductive properties of aluminium-nitride ceramics, which consists in creation of dense indissoluble intergranular boundaries (Fig. 5, AlN–90%+Li2O3–7%+Y2O3–3%).
Online since: April 2016
Authors: Bartosz Dawidowicz, Aleksandra Popakul, Janusz T. Cieśliński
Data reduction
The actual useful power extracted from the solar collector is calculated as
(1)
where specific heat of the nanofluids - corresponding to the mean fluid temperature is calculated as [13]
(2)
The instantaneous efficiency of a solar collector, operating under steady-state conditions, is defined as the ratio of the actual useful power extracted to the solar energy absorbed by the collector
(3)
The instantaneous efficiency is generally presented as a function of the reduced temperature
(4)
where the mean temperature of the fluid reads
(5)
The uncertainties of the measured and calculated parameters are estimated by mean-square method.
Results Figure 2 shows the comparison of present experimental results with data obtained by Yousefi et al. [5] for water-Al2O3 nanofluids with the same nanoparticle concentrations, i.e. 0.2% and 0.4% by weight.
Figure 2: Comparison of present results with data published in [5] Figure 3 shows the effect of nanoparticle concentration on the efficiency of solar collector versus reduced temperature.
The reduction as well as increase of nanoparticle loading resulted in deterioration of the solar collector efficiency of about 17-20%.
· Radiation reduction results in decrease of the solar collector efficiency.
Results Figure 2 shows the comparison of present experimental results with data obtained by Yousefi et al. [5] for water-Al2O3 nanofluids with the same nanoparticle concentrations, i.e. 0.2% and 0.4% by weight.
Figure 2: Comparison of present results with data published in [5] Figure 3 shows the effect of nanoparticle concentration on the efficiency of solar collector versus reduced temperature.
The reduction as well as increase of nanoparticle loading resulted in deterioration of the solar collector efficiency of about 17-20%.
· Radiation reduction results in decrease of the solar collector efficiency.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Pascal Lavoie
Then, the construction of failure age models based on historical data following Weibull distributions will be presented.
Cell Life Data Typically, smelters keep records of cell materials used during construction and some operational data, usually from the pre-heating and early life operations.
Table 1 represents an excerpt of the data set.
Note that the data has been coded to preserve confidentiality.
The model is constructed by fitting life data to the Weibull cumulative distribution function in equation 1 through linear regression.
Cell Life Data Typically, smelters keep records of cell materials used during construction and some operational data, usually from the pre-heating and early life operations.
Table 1 represents an excerpt of the data set.
Note that the data has been coded to preserve confidentiality.
The model is constructed by fitting life data to the Weibull cumulative distribution function in equation 1 through linear regression.
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Amin Ji, Dan Han, Fu Liang Li, Chang Jiang Wang, Xin Chao Niu
To ensure the reliability data, collecting data begins after 35 minutes with the showcases running stably.
Comparative Analysis on Two Kinds Outlets Respectively, experiment on sheet metal deflectors and hexagonal honeycomb outlets, obtain experiment data under two different operating conditions.
Through data to the outlet and inlet throughout temperature, to get real load temperature control loop each measurement point transient temperature, and statistically derived the maximum, minimum and average of transient temperature, as is shown in Table 1.
Through data to the outlet and inlet throughout temperature, to get real load temperature control loop each measurement point transient temperature, and statistically derived the maximum, minimum and average of transient temperature, as is shown in Table 2.
From the table data, regular hexagonal honeycomb air curtain can make temperature reduce different degrees near outlet and return air inlet in cabinet, temperature reduction percentage range is 1.34% ~ 45.62%, considering the reliability data, excluding individual point with large or small lower rate and two rising point, concluded that the average temperature of most of the measurement point reduced the range of 11% ~ 27.28%.
Comparative Analysis on Two Kinds Outlets Respectively, experiment on sheet metal deflectors and hexagonal honeycomb outlets, obtain experiment data under two different operating conditions.
Through data to the outlet and inlet throughout temperature, to get real load temperature control loop each measurement point transient temperature, and statistically derived the maximum, minimum and average of transient temperature, as is shown in Table 1.
Through data to the outlet and inlet throughout temperature, to get real load temperature control loop each measurement point transient temperature, and statistically derived the maximum, minimum and average of transient temperature, as is shown in Table 2.
From the table data, regular hexagonal honeycomb air curtain can make temperature reduce different degrees near outlet and return air inlet in cabinet, temperature reduction percentage range is 1.34% ~ 45.62%, considering the reliability data, excluding individual point with large or small lower rate and two rising point, concluded that the average temperature of most of the measurement point reduced the range of 11% ~ 27.28%.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Xiao Hong Tai, Rong Wei Shen, Ze Gang He, Jiong Gang Han
Design of the data collecting system
The data collecting system collects and processes the signals from sensors assembled on the bench.
Fig.4 Composition of data collecting system C.
Measure and control software can conveniently save data and select the saving path.
Data can be display in a way which tester expects.
The history data can be reviewed to facilitate data analysis.
Fig.4 Composition of data collecting system C.
Measure and control software can conveniently save data and select the saving path.
Data can be display in a way which tester expects.
The history data can be reviewed to facilitate data analysis.
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Yeong Mog Park, Inchul Jin, Kyun Kwon Oh, Seboong Oh
As a result, VGM models of HC function underestimate the unsaturated HC and show rapid reduction near saturation.
The measured data on soil water retention are fitted and integrated to van Genuchten-Mualem model.
Especially, the model predicts abrupt reduction near saturation.
The measured data on soil water retention are fitted and integrated to van Genuchten-Mualem model.
Especially, the model predicts abrupt reduction near saturation.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Wolfgang Blum, Philip Eisenlohr
Figure 3 shows the evolution of the maximum deformation resistance of Cu after passes of ECAP (route BC) deduced from experimental data [15].
In some cases where no relative extremum occurred, for instance for , the data correspond to the absolute extrema.
While the model is not altogether satisfactory, because it rests on empirical data for the steady-state spacings, it contains a number of observed features of deformation and can be fitted to measured data without losing important microstructural aspects.
Arrows point at data for boundaries in bicrystals where concurrent bulk deformation was occurring.
At this point we note that the curves shown in Fig. 3 were not generated by fitting the measured data points.
In some cases where no relative extremum occurred, for instance for , the data correspond to the absolute extrema.
While the model is not altogether satisfactory, because it rests on empirical data for the steady-state spacings, it contains a number of observed features of deformation and can be fitted to measured data without losing important microstructural aspects.
Arrows point at data for boundaries in bicrystals where concurrent bulk deformation was occurring.
At this point we note that the curves shown in Fig. 3 were not generated by fitting the measured data points.
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Ming Song Zhang, Pu Xian Zhu, Jian Jun Ke, Yi Kuan Zhu
The noise attenuation analysis of diamond circular saw blade
Saw blade noise reduction measures can be analyzed from three levels.
Because the frequency is proportional to the noise, i.e., slotted can have noise reduction effect.
The analysis of data from table 3 can obtain the range of low-order modal natural frequency.
Conclusion The natural frequency of slotted is smaller than without slotted saw blades, i.e. slotted can have noise reduction effect.
Henry, Noise Reduction Achieved With Slotted Blades.
Because the frequency is proportional to the noise, i.e., slotted can have noise reduction effect.
The analysis of data from table 3 can obtain the range of low-order modal natural frequency.
Conclusion The natural frequency of slotted is smaller than without slotted saw blades, i.e. slotted can have noise reduction effect.
Henry, Noise Reduction Achieved With Slotted Blades.
Online since: March 2014
Authors: F. Kharchi, Aissa Talah
Results and analysis
The results regarding the compressive strength, water absorption by capillary rise and chloride permeability of the different concretes are graphically depicted in Fig.1, 2, and 3, respectively.
4-1 Compressive strengths
The data regarding the variation of compressive strength with respect to concrete age and curing condition for different types of concrete in the two mediums are shown in the Fig.1.
This reduction in the water absorption with age indicates better performance of concrete with GGBS over reference concrete.
The incorporation of 17.5% GGBS is very advantageous; it allows a reduction in water absorption rate from 78% to 77% at the age of one year.
While our test revealed a reduction of 88%.
- Finally, it was noted that the pozzolanic action effectively contributes to the reduction of chloride ion penetration and water absorption rate and increase the durability of concrete.
This reduction in the water absorption with age indicates better performance of concrete with GGBS over reference concrete.
The incorporation of 17.5% GGBS is very advantageous; it allows a reduction in water absorption rate from 78% to 77% at the age of one year.
While our test revealed a reduction of 88%.
- Finally, it was noted that the pozzolanic action effectively contributes to the reduction of chloride ion penetration and water absorption rate and increase the durability of concrete.
Online since: January 2009
Authors: Piet Stroeven, Gai Fei Peng, Ri Gao, Zhan Qi Guo, Guang Hua Huang
Correlation of workability test results and rheological test results of Fresh concrete
Among investigations on correlation of various workability data and rheological data [1-11], the
workability tests are concentrated within a narrow scope including slump, slump flow, L-flow (or
L-box test), and V-funnel, while the rheological test data are only yield stress and plastic viscosity
based on the Bingham fluid model.
Compared with experimental data of slump, there are less data reported on the relationship between tests of slump flow, V-funnel, or L-box, and rheological properties.
Based on the relationships established between workability data and rheological data, it was concluded that the V-funnel flow time test correlate well to plastic viscosity and yield stress of highly flowable underwater concrete, with R 2 values of 0.81 and 0.83, respectively.
A decrease in flow time resulting from a reduction in cohesiveness could then lead to greater loss in washout.
Such researches seem full of both experimental data and correlation equations along with high or low correlation factors, which really means that a great deal of experimental and calculation work have been done.
Compared with experimental data of slump, there are less data reported on the relationship between tests of slump flow, V-funnel, or L-box, and rheological properties.
Based on the relationships established between workability data and rheological data, it was concluded that the V-funnel flow time test correlate well to plastic viscosity and yield stress of highly flowable underwater concrete, with R 2 values of 0.81 and 0.83, respectively.
A decrease in flow time resulting from a reduction in cohesiveness could then lead to greater loss in washout.
Such researches seem full of both experimental data and correlation equations along with high or low correlation factors, which really means that a great deal of experimental and calculation work have been done.