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Explosively Driven Expansion and Fragmentation Behavior for Cylinders, Spheres and Rings of 304 Stainless Steel Tetsuyuki Hiroe1, a , Kazuhito Fujiwara1, b , Hidehiro Hata1, c , Mitsuru Yamauchi1, d , Kiyotaka Tsutsumi1, e , and Takuya Igawa1, f 1 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan a hiroe@gpo.kumamoto-u.ac.jp, bfujiwara@kumamoto-u.ac.jp, chata@mech.kumamoto-u.ac.jp, d 086d8558@gsst.stud.kumamoto-u.ac.jp, e086d8558@gsst.stud.kumamoto-u.ac.jp, f086d8558@gsst.stud.kumamoto-u.ac.jp Keywords: Fragmentation, Explosive, Cylinder, Sphere, Ring, 304 stainless steel Abstract.
Fragment energy values Γ (= 24/ 3 Sερ� ) in the cylinder model were extensionally adopted for spheres and rings whereρ: the density of materials, S: average circumferential width of fragments for cylinder and ring, average span of fragments for sphere, and )/( RR�� =ε : circumferential strain rate at estimated fracture time.
Takahashi: International Journal of Impact Engineering, Vol.35 (2008), p. 1578 [3] D.
Hightower, in: Shock-Wave and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena in Materials, edited by M.
Guinan: Journal of Applied Physics, Vol.51 (1980), p.1498 [6] R.

Eq.3 show that Hamaker constant only depends on the refractive index of the material.
If the material of disk and head has a low refractive index or a similar refractive index, it can reduce the van der Waals force between head and disk.
Acknowledgement This study is part of project 51275124 supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.
Journal of Tribology, 2008,130(1): 8-10
Journal of Tribology, 1995, 117(1): 36-46

Acknowledgement This work has been funded by Project 50708011 supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.
ACI Materials Journal, 92(2):164-171.(1995) [2] Liu Jun, Fang Huiqi, He Hongzhu, Applied research of underwater concrete[J].
Journal of Building Materials, (4):360-365.(2000)

This can be accomplished only when all elements of manufacturing-design, fabrication and assembly, quality assurance, management, materials handling—are computer integration.
Ministry of science and technology in " 863 fifteen " make the theme of modern integrated manufacturing system technology, So we can foreknow based on 3D CAD CAPP system will become a research hotspot.
A simulated annealing method based on a clustering approach to determine bills of materials for a large product family.
European Journal of Operational Research 169 (2006) 1030–1047 [5] Daniel Collado-Ruiz, Hesamedin Ostad-Ahmad-Ghorabi.
Journal of Cleaner Production 18 (2010) 355–364

Storage Cavern is the place where the army stores materials, equipment and staffs, which plays an important role during the war.
The elementary data from the selected Storage Cavern is the geometric data which contains the geometric information of manufacturing facilities(such as shape, size, material, color, textures etc.)with which we can generate the 3D virtual environment. 2.2.Modeling After acquiring the elementary data, we build the structure model by Sketch Up 8 and export to 3Ds Max 2009.
With 3Ds Max, we optimize the structure model by Sketch Up, build the 3D models of the facilities and equipment, render the models with material, color and textures, and then export to Virtools 5 with the export plug-in unit of Virtools.
Aurich, Xiang Yang, and Bernd Hamann: Noise investigation in manufacturing systems: An acoustic simulation and virtual reality enhanced method, CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology 5 (2012) 337-347
[8] Younghee Lee, Jinkyung Kim, Junghwan Kim, Eun Jung Kim, Young Gyu Kim and Il Moon: Development of a web-based 3D virtual reality program for hydrogen station, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 35(2010) 2112-2118.

The relationship between stress and strain should adopt perfectly plastic material model, in this paper standard exponential creep model is adopted to analysis the creep characteristics, which described as (1): (1) Where: is secondary creep rate,; is creep stress, MPa; A is material constant, MPa-3.5a-1 ; is creep stress index, non-dimension, , is defined by inversion of lab test or field datum.
BUILDING of mechanical creep computation module of soft mudstone Lagrangian element method considered material nonlinearity, geometry nonlinearity and large deformation, which is applied to numerical analogue for large deformation of soft mudstone and salt layer by many investigators such as Feng Chen [3], Jinzhou Zhao [4], Jingen Deng & Yan Jin [1], [6], Zhonghui Li [7] et al.
Triaxial finite difference software FLAC3D adopt explicit Lagrange method and blend-disperse partitioning technology, which can simulate material plastic failure and flow very exactly.
[5] Deng Jingen, Liu Shujie, Shi Deqin,Zhang Li. calculation of elastoplastic deformation of wellbore in soft mudstone using lagrangianm method[J].journal of geomechanics, 1999,5(1), pp.33-37
Journal of the University of Petroleum, China (Edition of Natural Science), 1999, 23(2), pp.37-39 [7] Li Zhonghui,Lou Yishan,etc.The Design of Casing Used in Salt Layer in Gulf of Laizhou-China.SPE132210.

However, trial machining of new materials, often is not able to refer on existing data and skills.
In this paper, based on neural networks corresponding model of relationship between the laser machining parameters and surface quality was investigated and applied to predict the better combination of laser cutting design parameters for achieving optimum roughness. 1 Simulated Annealing and Neural Network The quality of laser cutting metal sheet has been affected by many factors including the laser properties, focusing lens properties, mechanical control systems, process materials and process parameters [4-6].
[3] ZHANG Yi,LONG Hui,LI LI-jun.Test Study on Improving precision of Laser Cutting.Journal of Hunan University(Natural Science Edition),Vol.28,No.3(2001),p.37~40
[4] Li Xiang-you,Zeng Xiao-yan.Kery Roughness and quality control of laser Precision cutting.CHINESE JOURNAL OF LASER.Vol.29,No.2(2002),p.174~179

buffer spacer layer substrate n+ heavily doped donor layer GATE SOURCE DRAIN 2DEG E normal Fig. 1 Block diagram of HEMT structure Heterostructure-based devices consist of very thin layers of different semiconductor materials.
A heavily doped donor layer is made of a semiconductor material with large bandgap, while unintentionally doped buffer layer is made of a semiconductor material with smaller bandgap.
Lukić, Bulletin Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, (In Serbian), Vol. 8 (2003), p. 70
Singh, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 85 (1999), p. 587
Garcia, Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 201/202 (1999), pp. 296

Colorimetric Study on Silk Dyeing with the Extracted Dye from Longan Leaves Using Pre-Mordanting Technique: A research on Effect of Mordant Concentration Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit1,a, Kongkiat Maha-in1,b, Charoon Klaichoi1,c, Wiphawan Pimklang1, Panida Buathong1, Wancheng Sittikijyothin2,d, Nattadon Rungruangkitkrai *3,e 1Department of Textile Chemistry Technology, Faculty of Industrial Textiles and Fashion Design, Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon, Bangkok 10300, Thailand 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131,Thailand 3Eco-Textile Research Unit, Department of Textile Science, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok.10900, Thailand arattanaphol.m@rmutp.ac.th, bkongkiat.m@rmutp.ac.th, cjaroon.k@rmutp.ac.th, dwancheng@buu.ac.th, e*nattadon.r@ku.ac.th Keywords: Natural dye, Dyeing, Silk, Longan leaves, Mordant Abstract: Natural dye extracted from longan leaves was applied
An aspect of the return to use natural dyes is the search for novel natural dyes from various plant materials.
Experimental Materials A commercially produced plain-weave silk fabric was scoured with an aqueous nonionic surfactant solution at a temperature of 50°C for 30 minutes, thoroughly rinsed and air dried at room temperature.
Osman: Research Journal of Textile and Apparel, Vol. 13 (1) (2009), p. 34-45
Lee: Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles, Vol. 30 (12) (2006), p. 1708-1713.

In the last years, ultrasound was studied for the extraction of metals from a large variety of materials, and several advantages have been recognized deriving from its application: ultrasound-assisted leaching permits a major release of metals in a shorter time, lower acids consumption and lower temperature of processing.
Swamy, K.L.Narayana, Ultrasonically assisted leaching - Advances in Sonochemistry, ed. by Elsevier Science B.V., (2001) 141-179
, Journal of cleaner production 14 (2006) 1158-1167
Hirajima, Ammoniacal thiosulphate leaching of gold ore, The European Journal of Mineral Processing and Environmental Protection 3 (2003) 344-352
[16] Harunobu Arima, Toyohisa Fujita, and Wan-Tai Yen, Gold Cementation from Ammonium Thiosulfate Solution by Zinc, Copper and Aluminium Powders, Materials Transactions 43 (2002) 485-493.